Greg Fergus

New Trust Protects Unpaid Produce Suppliers

## Summary This bill creates a “deemed trust” to protect unpaid sellers of perishable fruits and vegetables when a buyer goes bankrupt, goes into receivership, or seeks court protection to restructure debt. If the seller follows set steps and is still unpaid, the produce and the money from selling it are held in trust for the seller and do not go to other creditors (BIA new section after s.81.6; CCAA new section after s.8). - Unpaid sellers get first claim to the produce and its sale proceeds, ahead of other creditors, if they gave proper notice and payment terms were 30 days or less (BIA new s.(1)(a)-(c); CCAA new s.(1)(a)-(c)). - The trust covers the produce even if repackaged or lightly transformed, and also covers commingled sale proceeds (BIA new s.(7); CCAA new s.(4)). - Assets in the trust are not part of the bankruptcy or restructuring estate (BIA s.67(1)(a) reference in new s.(2); CCAA new s.(2)). - Courts can give directions, and suppliers can ask the court to resolve disputes (BIA new s.(3)-(4)). - Provincial trust law applies and prevails in case of conflict with these new sections (BIA new s.(6); CCAA new s.(3)). ## What it means for you - Households - No direct change. This bill sets creditor priorities during insolvency. It does not set prices or consumer rules. Data on indirect price impacts is unavailable. - Farmers and other produce suppliers - If you sell perishable fruits or vegetables on terms of 30 days or less, include a notice on the invoice (or give notice within 30 days of the buyer’s receipt) in the prescribed form stating you intend to use this trust if the buyer becomes insolvent (BIA new s.(1)(a); CCAA new s.(1)(a)). - If the buyer does not pay on the due date and then becomes bankrupt, goes into receivership, or seeks court protection to restructure, the produce and related sale proceeds are deemed held in trust for you (BIA new s.(1); CCAA new s.(1)). - You may apply to court if you are aggrieved by an act, omission, or decision of the buyer, trustee, or receiver (BIA new s.(4)). - Buyers of produce (wholesalers, retailers, processors using raw produce) - If you buy perishable fruits or vegetables on terms of 30 days or less and fail to pay when due, the goods and their sale proceeds may be subject to a trust for the unpaid supplier if the supplier gave timely notice (BIA new s.(1); CCAA new s.(1)). - In insolvency or restructuring, property subject to this trust is excluded from your estate and cannot be used to pay other creditors (BIA s.67(1)(a) via new s.(2); CCAA new s.(2)). - You, a trustee, or a receiver can ask the court for directions on how to apply these rules (BIA new s.(3)). - Secured and unsecured lenders - In an insolvency or restructuring, produce and related sale proceeds covered by this trust are not available to satisfy your claims, even if commingled with other funds (BIA new s.(7) and s.(2); CCAA new s.(2), s.(4)). - Priority for these trust assets is ahead of other claims because they are not property of the debtor’s estate (BIA s.67(1)(a) via new s.(2); CCAA new s.(2)). - Insolvency professionals and courts - Trustees, receivers, and monitors must identify trust assets and handle them for the benefit of unpaid suppliers who met the notice and term conditions (BIA new s.(1)-(2), s.(7); CCAA new s.(1)-(2), s.(4)). - Courts may receive applications for directions or disputes from purchasers, trustees, receivers, or suppliers (BIA new s.(3)-(4)). - Effective date - The coming-into-force date is not provided in the text supplied. Data unavailable. ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable (no direct appropriations in the bill text). - The bill creates no new program spending or appropriations. It changes creditor priorities in insolvency law (Bill Short Title and amendments). - Possible administrative or court-processing costs are not discussed in the bill. Data unavailable. - No official fiscal note identified. Data unavailable. ## Proponents' View - It protects cash flow for growers and shippers, who often deliver produce before payment and face high loss risk when buyers fail (BIA new s.(1); CCAA new s.(1)). - It gives a clear, fast remedy: a simple invoice notice within 30 days and 30-days-or-less payment terms create the trust if non-payment occurs, without requiring separate security registrations (BIA new s.(1)(a)-(c)). - The trust follows the goods and proceeds even if repackaged or commingled, which matches how produce moves through the supply chain (BIA new s.(7); CCAA new s.(4)). - Trust assets are excluded from the estate, so recovery is more certain and quicker for unpaid suppliers (BIA s.67(1)(a) via new s.(2); CCAA new s.(2)). - The scope is narrow: only perishable fruits and vegetables, only short payment terms, and only when timely notice is given, which limits broader market impact (BIA new s.(1)(a)-(b); CCAA new s.(1)(a)-(b)). ## Opponents' View - It reduces the pool of assets available to other creditors, including secured lenders, because trust property is excluded from the estate, which could shift losses to them (BIA s.67(1)(a) via new s.(2); CCAA new s.(2)). - It may increase complexity and costs in insolvency due to tracing commingled proceeds and determining when repackaging or transformation has left the “nature” unchanged, leading to more disputes (BIA new s.(7); CCAA new s.(4)). - By giving a super-priority-like outcome to one sector, it could raise uncertainty for credit markets serving buyers of produce; lenders may adjust terms or monitoring to manage trust exposure. Data unavailable. - Different provincial trust laws will apply and prevail in case of conflict, which could create uneven outcomes across provinces and increase legal uncertainty (BIA new s.(6); CCAA new s.(3)). - Compliance risks exist for suppliers: missing the 30-day notice window or using payment terms longer than 30 days would forfeit the trust protection, which could lead to litigation over proper notice and timing (BIA new s.(1)(a)-(b); CCAA new s.(1)(a)-(b)).

Stronger Sentencing for Attacks on Health Workers, Responders

## Summary Bill C-321 would change the Criminal Code to make assaults or threats against people who provide health services (including personal care services) and first responders, while on duty, an aggravating factor at sentencing. It does not create a new crime or change maximum penalties. It applies when a judge sentences someone for uttering threats to cause death or bodily harm or for assault-related offences (Criminal Code s.264.1(1)(a), 266–269) (Bill, new section after Criminal Code s.269.01). - Judges must treat the victim’s role (health services provider or first responder on duty) as an aggravating factor at sentencing (Bill, new section after s.269.01). - Applies to uttering threats to cause death or bodily harm and to assault offences: assault, assault with a weapon or causing bodily harm, aggravated assault, and unlawfully causing bodily harm (Criminal Code s.264.1(1)(a), 266–269). - Covers people who provide health services, including personal care services; and first responders engaged in their duty (Bill, new section after s.269.01). - May result in longer jail sentences or stricter probation for convicted offenders; judges still sentence within existing ranges (Bill, new section after s.269.01). - Does not change police powers, charging standards, bail rules, or the elements of the offences. ## What it means for you - Households - If someone is convicted of assaulting or threatening a health worker or first responder who is on duty, the court must consider that fact to increase the seriousness at sentencing (Bill, new section after s.269.01). - This change does not affect day-to-day access to care or emergency services. - Health services workers (including personal care workers) - Judges must consider your on-duty status as an aggravating factor when sentencing a person convicted of assaulting you or threatening death or bodily harm (Bill, new section after s.269.01). - Applies in hospitals, clinics, long-term care, home care, and other health settings where services are provided. The bill does not define “health services” beyond noting it includes “personal care services.” - First responders - Judges must consider your on-duty status as an aggravating factor when sentencing a person convicted of assaulting you or threatening death or bodily harm (Bill, new section after s.269.01). - The bill does not define “first responder,” which may require the court to determine who is covered in specific cases. - Accused persons and defendants - If convicted of the listed offences against an on-duty health services provider or first responder, you face a higher likelihood of a harsher sentence, within existing penalty ranges (Criminal Code s.264.1(1)(a), 266–269; Bill, new section after s.269.01). - No new offences are created; the change applies only at sentencing. - Employers and facilities (hospitals, clinics, long-term care homes, ambulance services) - You may need to help document a victim’s role and on-duty status to support sentencing submissions (Bill, new section after s.269.01). - Workplace safety rules, reporting duties, and security procedures are unchanged by this bill. - Provincial/territorial justice systems - Crown prosecutors will need to lead evidence of the victim’s role and duty status at sentencing. Court workload impact is unknown. Data unavailable. ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - The bill contains no direct appropriations, taxes, or fees (Bill, new section after s.269.01). - Possible downstream effects, such as longer sentences increasing custody or supervision costs for provinces/territories and the federal system, are not estimated. Data unavailable. - No official fiscal note identified. Data unavailable. ## Proponents' View - The bill gives clear direction that assaults and threats against on-duty health workers and first responders are more serious, promoting consistent sentencing across courts (Bill, “shall consider” language; new section after s.269.01). - It covers both threats to cause death or bodily harm and assault-related offences, addressing a range of common harms in care and response settings (Criminal Code s.264.1(1)(a), 266–269). - Including “personal care services” ensures coverage for support workers who often face risk in long-term care and home care (Bill, new section after s.269.01). - Judges retain discretion within existing ranges, so the bill targets sentencing principles without expanding offences or maximum penalties (Bill, new section after s.269.01). - Supporters argue the change may deter some offences and signal system support for these workers. Evidence of deterrence effect is not provided. Data unavailable. ## Opponents' View - Judges already must weigh aggravating factors under Criminal Code s.718.2; courts often treat assaults on on-duty workers as aggravating, so the bill may be redundant and have limited impact (Criminal Code s.718.2(a)). - “First responder” is not defined, which could cause uneven application and litigation over who qualifies (Bill, new section after s.269.01). - The scope is narrow: it excludes other common behaviours like criminal harassment, intimidation, or mischief unless they fit the listed offences, limiting practical reach (Criminal Code s.264.1(1)(a), 266–269). - There is no evidence the change will reduce incidents; it acts after harm occurs and relies on sentencing-based deterrence, which may be weak. Data unavailable. - If sentences lengthen, custody and supervision costs may rise for provinces/territories and the federal system; no cost estimate is provided. Data unavailable.

Canada Tightens Cyber Rules for Critical Services

## Summary This federal bill (C-26) creates new cyber security rules for key services and gives the government tools to manage urgent threats. Part 1 amends the Telecommunications Act to let the government order telecom companies to remove or stop using risky products and to follow security directions. Part 2 creates the Critical Cyber Systems Protection Act (CCSPA), which sets baseline cyber rules for operators of vital services and systems and allows binding cyber directions in emergencies. - New power to order telecom providers to ban or remove specified vendors or products to protect networks (Bill Part 1, s.15.1(1), s.15.2(2)). - Mandatory cyber programs, supply‑chain risk controls, and 72‑hour incident reporting for “designated operators” in vital sectors (CCSPA s.9, s.12, s.15). - Large penalties for non‑compliance, including up to $15,000,000 for companies (Telecommunications Act AMPs; CCSPA AMPs). - Some orders can be secret and are exempt from the usual prepublication rules, with annual reporting to Parliament and notification to review bodies (Bill Part 1, s.15.1(2), s.15.2(3), s.15.3, s.15.8; CCSPA s.20(4), s.93). - No federal compensation for losses that telecom providers incur from security orders (Bill Part 1, s.15.1(6), s.15.2(7)). ## What it means for you - Households and consumers - Your telecom, banking, energy, or transport providers may change systems or vendors to meet new security orders or directions; the government must consider service impacts on consumers before issuing CCSPA directions (Bill Part 1, s.15.1(2.1), s.15.2(3.1); CCSPA s.20(2.1)(d)). - You will not receive incident reports directly; reports go to the Communications Security Establishment (CSE) and regulators (CCSPA s.15–16). - Workers at covered companies - Your employer may roll out a cyber security program within 90 days of designation, with ongoing reviews, audits, and record‑keeping (CCSPA s.9–11, s.34–35). - Staff may have to support inspections, internal audits, and provide information to regulators (CCSPA s.37–38, s.43–45, s.59–60, s.67–71, s.76–82). - Businesses (telecoms; banks; pipelines and power lines; nuclear; federally regulated transport; clearing and settlement) - Telecom providers can be ordered to stop using, remove, or avoid upgrading specified products and services, terminate contracts, or submit plans and reviews (Bill Part 1, s.15.1(1), s.15.2(2)(a)–(n)). - “Designated operators” must establish, implement, and maintain a cyber program; mitigate supply‑chain and third‑party risks; report cyber incidents to CSE within a period set by regulation (no more than 72 hours); and notify their regulator (CCSPA s.9, s.12, s.15–16). - You must keep certain records in Canada and provide information on request to verify compliance (CCSPA s.34–35, s.33). - Directors and officers can be personally liable for violations or offences they direct or allow (CCSPA s.64; Bill Part 1, s.73(3.2)). - Vendors and third‑party service providers to covered sectors - Customers may impose stricter security terms, audits, or terminate agreements to meet supply‑chain mitigation duties or government directions (CCSPA s.12; Bill Part 1, s.15.2(2)(e)–(f)). - Government and oversight - Some orders may be confidential; the Minister must report annually to Parliament and notify the National Security and Intelligence Committee of Parliamentarians and the National Security and Intelligence Review Agency (Bill Part 1, s.15.3, s.15.8; CCSPA s.20(4), s.93). - Judicial review is allowed but can rely on secret evidence, with summaries provided to the applicant (Bill Part 1, s.15.9; CCSPA s.92). - Timing - Many details (who is a “designated operator,” reporting timelines within the 72‑hour cap, program standards) will be set later by regulation or order‑in‑council (CCSPA s.6–7, s.10, s.86; Bill Part 1, s.15.7, s.15.10). - Part 2 (CCSPA) comes into force on dates set by the Governor in Council (CCSPA “Coming into Force”). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - Fiscal note or departmental costing: Data unavailable. - Explicit appropriations in the bill text: None. The bill carries a Royal Recommendation for appropriations but does not state dollar amounts (Recommendation; Bill preamble). - Cost recovery and fees: - OSFI must include CCSPA administration in its annual expense assessments, which are recovered from regulated financial institutions (Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions Act s.23(1) as amended). - CNSC is authorized to charge and spend fees for services under other Acts, which can include CCSPA activities (Nuclear Safety and Control Act s.21(1.1)–(3) as amended). - Penalties and revenues: - Telecom AMPs: up to $10,000,000 per violation for companies; $15,000,000 for subsequent violations; individuals up to $25,000 then $50,000 (Bill Part 1, AMPs section). - CCSPA AMPs: up to $1,000,000 for individuals; up to $15,000,000 for others; proceeds payable to the Receiver General (CCSPA s.56–57, s.62(3)). - Mandated private‑sector costs (unfunded): - Establishing and maintaining cyber programs within 90 days of designation; recurring reviews; supply‑chain risk mitigation; reporting; audits; record‑keeping; potential equipment removal (CCSPA s.9–12, s.15–16, s.28–35; Bill Part 1, s.15.1–15.2). - No Crown compensation for telecom providers’ financial losses from security orders (Bill Part 1, s.15.1(6), s.15.2(7)). ## Proponents' View - Sets baseline cyber hygiene across vital sectors by requiring risk management, supply‑chain controls, incident detection, and rapid reporting (within a regulated period capped at 72 hours) (CCSPA s.9, s.12, s.15). - Enables fast, targeted intervention against high‑risk vendors or products in telecom networks, reducing threats of interference or disruption (Bill Part 1, s.15.1(1), s.15.2(2)). - Aligns enforcement with strong deterrents: high administrative penalties and director/officer liability to promote compliance (Bill Part 1 AMPs; CCSPA s.56–57, s.64). - Improves coordination by allowing secure information sharing among security agencies and regulators, while preserving the Privacy Act and confidentiality rules (Bill Part 1, s.15.6–15.7; “Privacy Act not affected”; CCSPA s.25–33). - Builds in oversight: annual ministerial reports to Parliament, and notification to NSICOP and NSIRA for confidential orders or directions (Bill Part 1, s.15.3, s.15.8; CCSPA s.20(4), s.93). - Requires decision‑makers to weigh operational, financial, and consumer service impacts before issuing orders or directions (Bill Part 1, s.15.1(2.1), s.15.2(3.1); CCSPA s.20(2.1)). ## Opponents' View - Grants broad, discretionary powers to order companies to “do anything” or stop doing anything deemed necessary, with gag orders and exemption from normal regulatory publication; risks overreach and weak transparency (Bill Part 1, s.15.2(2)(m), s.15.1(2), s.15.2(3), s.15.5; CCSPA s.22–24). - Imposes potentially large, immediate compliance costs (90‑day setup of cyber programs; mandatory mitigations) without federal compensation, especially for telecom equipment removals (CCSPA s.9–12; Bill Part 1, s.15.1(6), s.15.2(7)). Net cost to firms and possible knock‑on effects on prices are not quantified (Data unavailable). - Uses secret evidence in judicial review, which may limit an applicant’s ability to challenge orders effectively (Bill Part 1, s.15.9; CCSPA s.92). - Scope and burden are uncertain until regulators designate classes of operators and set detailed rules, creating planning risk for affected industries and suppliers (CCSPA Schedules 1–2; s.6–7, s.86). - Expands information sharing across multiple agencies and with foreign partners; despite confidentiality provisions, mistakes or over‑collection could expose sensitive commercial data (Bill Part 1, s.15.6–15.7; CCSPA s.25–33).

April Named Arab Heritage Month Nationwide

## Summary This bill designates April as Arab Heritage Month across Canada. It is a symbolic act that recognizes the history and contributions of Arab Canadians. The bill creates no programs, funding, duties, or penalties. It applies every year once in force (Short Title; Arab Heritage Month clause). - Names April as “Arab Heritage Month” nationwide (Arab Heritage Month clause). - Recognizes that Arab Canadians number “over one million” and have contributed to Canada’s social, economic, and cultural life (Preamble). - Does not mandate any actions by governments, schools, or businesses (bill text contains no mandates). - Does not create a holiday or time off work (bill text contains no such provision). ## What it means for you - Households: - April will be formally recognized as Arab Heritage Month. Community or cultural groups may reference this designation when planning events. The bill does not require events or activities (Arab Heritage Month clause). - No new holiday or paid leave is created (bill text contains no such provision). - Workers: - Work schedules and pay are unchanged. There is no statutory holiday in April from this bill (bill text contains no such provision). - Businesses: - No new compliance, reporting, or costs are required. Participation in any observances is voluntary (bill text contains no mandates). - Local governments and schools: - No required programs or ceremonies. Any recognition would be optional and determined locally (bill text contains no mandates). - Federal departments and agencies: - No required actions or funding commitments. They may choose how to acknowledge the month, but the bill does not direct them to do so (bill text contains no mandates). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: CAD $0 mandated by the bill. - The bill includes no appropriations, fees, or tax changes (bill text). - The bill creates no programs or required activities that would trigger direct federal spending (bill text). - Fiscal note: Data unavailable. ## Proponents' View - Formal recognition by Parliament honors the contributions of Arab Canadians and reflects their long presence in Canada, including an estimated population “over one million” (Preamble). - A clear, national designation gives institutions and communities a consistent time to acknowledge Arab heritage and contributions (Arab Heritage Month clause). - The bill is low-cost because it adds no programs, regulations, or funding requirements (bill text). - Aligns with how Parliament recognizes other communities through commemorative months, providing visibility without imposing mandates (bill text structure). ## Opponents' View - The bill is symbolic only. It creates no rights, services, or protections and may have limited practical effect on daily life (bill text contains no programs or mandates). - Because it includes no funding or required activities, outcomes depend on voluntary recognition, which may vary by place and institution (bill text). - No metrics or reporting are included, so any benefits are not measured in the bill (bill text contains no evaluation or reporting provisions).

Legal to Bypass Digital Locks for Repair

## Summary This bill changes the Copyright Act to let people bypass digital locks on products for the sole purpose of diagnosis, maintenance, or repair. It updates key definitions and creates a narrow exception to the ban on circumvention. The exception covers both owners and repairers working on their behalf, but it does not protect any act that infringes copyright. It does not require companies to provide parts, tools, or manuals. - Allows circumvention of technological protection measures (TPMs) only to diagnose, maintain, or repair a product when the protected work (usually software) is part of that product (Bill, Diagnosis, maintenance and repair (1)). - Clarifies the exception also covers someone doing the circumvention for another person (e.g., a repair shop) (Bill, For greater certainty (2)). - Removes the protection if the person also commits copyright infringement (e.g., copying or distributing software) (Bill, Non-application (3)). - Does not change the separate bans on making, selling, or offering circumvention tools or services under other paragraphs of s.41.1(1); the exception applies only to paragraph 41.1(1)(a) (Bill, Diagnosis, maintenance and repair (1)). - Updates definitions of “circumvent” and “technological protection measure,” but keeps TPMs in place for other uses (Bill, s.41 definitions). ## What it means for you - Households - You and your chosen repair shop can legally bypass a product’s digital lock only to find problems, maintain, or fix it, if the lock controls access to software that is part of the product (Bill, Diagnosis, maintenance and repair (1)). - This does not legalize copying, sharing, or modifying software beyond what the law allows. If an infringing act occurs, the repair exception does not apply (Bill, Non-application (3)). - The bill does not require manufacturers to provide parts, tools, software keys, or manuals. Warranty and return policies are unchanged by this bill (Bill text contains no such provisions). - Independent repair shops and technicians - You may perform the circumvention for a customer when it is solely for diagnosis, maintenance, or repair (Bill, For greater certainty (2)). - The exception shields the act of circumvention under s.41.1(1)(a) only. It does not create an exception to the rules against making, selling, or offering circumvention devices or services under other parts of s.41.1(1) (Bill, Diagnosis, maintenance and repair (1)). - You must avoid any act that infringes copyright during the repair process. If infringement occurs, the circumvention exception is lost (Bill, Non-application (3)). - Manufacturers and distributors - You cannot use TPM rules to stop legitimate diagnosis, maintenance, or repair that requires bypassing a lock on embedded software that forms part of the product (Bill, Diagnosis, maintenance and repair (1)). - You can still enforce copyright against copying or distribution of software and other works. The bill does not require disclosure of source code, security keys, parts, or manuals (Bill text contains no such provisions). - TPMs for content that is not part of a product (e.g., streaming media access) are not covered by this exception (Bill, Diagnosis, maintenance and repair (1)). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - No direct appropriations, grants, or tax/fee changes are in the bill text (Bill text). - Any enforcement or court workload impacts are not quantified. Data unavailable. - No fiscal note identified. Data unavailable. ## Proponents' View - It enables legal repair of modern products that rely on embedded software, by lifting the TPM ban for repair-only purposes (Bill, Diagnosis, maintenance and repair (1)). - It covers both owners and third-party repairers, which can increase competition in repair services and reduce wait times (Bill, For greater certainty (2)). Quantified savings are not provided. Data unavailable. - The exception is narrow and purpose-based, which limits misuse. It applies only when the software is part of the product and does not cover access to stand‑alone content (Bill, Diagnosis, maintenance and repair (1)). - Copyright protections remain in force; infringing acts are still prohibited. This helps protect software creators while allowing repair (Bill, Non-application (3)). - The bill does not compel sharing of proprietary information, which reduces risks to trade secrets while still enabling repair (Bill text contains no disclosure mandates). ## Opponents' View - Security and safety risks could rise if circumvention occurs without manufacturer oversight, even if the purpose is repair. The bill does not set technical standards for safe circumvention. Data unavailable. - The exception applies only to s.41.1(1)(a). The separate bans on making or supplying circumvention tools still apply, which could create confusion and limit practical access to needed tools (Bill, Diagnosis, maintenance and repair (1)). - “Product” is not defined in the bill text provided, which may cause uncertainty or litigation about scope (e.g., which devices qualify) (Bill, Diagnosis, maintenance and repair (1)). - Manufacturers warn that circumvention could enable unauthorized modifications under the guise of repair; although infringing acts remain illegal, monitoring and enforcement may be difficult. Data unavailable. - The bill does not provide consumer education or compliance guidance, which may lead to uneven implementation and legal risk for small repairers. Data unavailable.

National Eye Care Plan and Macular Degeneration Month

## Summary This bill orders the federal Minister of Health to create a national strategy for eye care with provinces, territories, Indigenous groups, and other stakeholders. The plan may cover prevention, treatment, and vision rehabilitation (training to help people live with vision loss), plus faster review of eye‑related drugs and devices. The Minister must table the strategy within 18 months, publish it, and table a 5‑year follow‑up report on results. It also designates February as Age‑Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) Awareness Month. - A national eye care strategy must be developed and tabled within 18 months (Tabling of strategy (1)). - At least one conference with provinces, Indigenous groups, and stakeholders is required (Conference (4)). - The strategy may include training needs, better data and research, information‑sharing, and measures to enable faster federal review of eye drugs/devices (Content (2)(a)-(d)). - A report on effectiveness is due within 5 years after the strategy is tabled (Report (1)). - February becomes “Age‑Related Macular Degeneration Awareness Month” each year (Designation). ## What it means for you - Households and patients - No immediate change to public coverage, wait times, or services. The bill creates a plan, not new benefits (Content (2)). - You may see earlier access to new eye treatments if Health Canada adopts faster review processes for eye‑related drugs and devices (Content (2)(d)). This is optional, not guaranteed. - Public messaging about AMD (a disease that can cause central vision loss) may increase each February due to the awareness month (Designation). The bill does not fund campaigns. - Health professionals (optometrists, ophthalmologists, rehab providers) - The strategy may identify training and guidance needs for prevention, treatment, and vision rehabilitation (Content (2)(a)). - Expect potential new best‑practice guidance and more coordination across jurisdictions. No new licensing or practice mandates are created by this bill. - Researchers and data stewards - The strategy may promote research and improve data collection on eye disease and rehabilitation (Content (2)(b)). - No research funding is created in this bill; any support would depend on future decisions. - Drug and device manufacturers - The strategy may include measures so the Minister can rapidly examine eye‑related submissions under the Food and Drugs Act (Content (2)(d)). Standards for safety and efficacy do not change in this bill. - Any regulatory process changes would be set out later in the strategy or existing authorities. - Provinces, territories, and Indigenous governments/organizations - You must be consulted in developing the strategy and invited to at least one conference (Development (1); Conference (4)). - The strategy aims to promote information and knowledge sharing across jurisdictions (Content (2)(c)). It does not require provinces/territories to adopt specific programs. ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - No explicit appropriations, new fees, or revenue changes appear in the bill text. - Required activities with likely administrative costs (no figures provided): - Develop and table a national strategy within 18 months (Tabling of strategy (1)). Data unavailable. - Hold at least one conference with provinces, Indigenous groups, and stakeholders (Conference (4)). Data unavailable. - Publish the strategy and, within 5 years, table a report on effectiveness (Publication (2); Report (1)). Data unavailable. - AMD Awareness Month is a designation only; the bill does not fund related campaigns (Designation). ## Proponents' View - A national plan will improve coordination, reduce gaps between regions, and support equitable access to prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation (Development (1); Content (2)(c)). - Identifying training needs can raise quality of care and support for people living with vision loss (Content (2)(a)). - Better research and data will help target interventions and track outcomes over time (Content (2)(b)). - Enabling rapid examination of eye‑related drugs and devices could shorten time to patient access for new therapies (Content (2)(d)). - Regular reporting creates accountability for progress and keeps Parliament informed about results (Tabling of strategy (1); Report (1)). - AMD Awareness Month can boost public awareness and earlier detection, which proponents argue may prevent severe vision loss (Designation). ## Opponents' View - The bill uses “may include” language and sets no binding program changes or funding, so it could yield plans and reports without concrete service improvements (Content (2)). - Health care delivery is provincial. A federal strategy may duplicate existing provincial frameworks or have limited effect without provincial adoption (Development (1)). - “Rapid examination” of eye‑related submissions could strain regulator capacity or shift priority away from other conditions without added resources (Content (2)(d)). - The 18‑month timeline for the strategy and a 5‑year effectiveness report may delay any practical benefits (Tabling of strategy (1); Report (1)). - With no appropriations in the bill, any conferences, data work, or regulatory process changes depend on future budgets or internal reallocations, creating implementation risk (No explicit appropriations in bill text).

Allow Bypassing Digital Locks for Interoperability

## Summary This bill changes the Copyright Act to let people bypass a digital lock (a “technological protection measure,” or TPM) on a computer program they lawfully obtained so they can make it work with other programs, devices, or parts. It also allows sharing the information needed for interoperability, but only for that purpose. The bill does not allow copyright infringement or breaking other laws. - Lets a person circumvent a TPM on a lawfully obtained program to get information for interoperability (Bill s. 41.12(1)(a)). - Lets a person circumvent a TPM to actually make the program or the device it is embedded in interoperate with other programs, devices, or components (Bill s. 41.12(1)(b)). - Allows sharing of interoperability information with another person, limited to that purpose (Bill s. 41.12(4), (6)). - Limits the use of tools and information to interoperability only (Bill s. 41.12(5)–(6)). - Removes the exception if the act involves copyright infringement or breaks other federal or provincial laws (Bill s. 41.12(7)–(9)). ## What it means for you - Households and individuals - You may legally bypass a TPM on software you lawfully obtained to make it work with other software, devices, or parts, including when the software is inside a device you own (Bill s. 41.12(1)). - You can receive interoperability information from someone else, and use it only to make your program or device interoperate with other programs, devices, or components (Bill s. 41.12(4), (6)). - You do not have legal cover if your actions also infringe copyright or break another law (Bill s. 41.12(7), (9)). - Repair technicians and small shops - You can develop and use methods, tools, or information to enable interoperability, but only for that purpose (Bill s. 41.12(3)–(6); purpose limits in (5)–(6)). - Clients may give or receive interoperability information, and you may use it to help them, but only within the interoperability purpose and without infringing copyright or other laws (Bill s. 41.12(4), (6)–(9)). - Software and device makers - Customers and third parties gain clearer legal rights to bypass TPMs for interoperability of programs and devices, including embedded software (Bill s. 41.12(1)). - You retain copyright enforcement; the exception does not apply where interoperability steps also infringe copyright (Bill s. 41.12(7)–(8)). - Tools and information shared for interoperability must be used only for that purpose; broader use remains restricted (Bill s. 41.12(5)–(6)). - Farmers, equipment owners, and other users of embedded software - If you lawfully obtained the software in your device, you may bypass TPMs to make that device or its software interoperate with other programs, devices, or parts, within the law’s limits (Bill s. 41.12(1), (7)–(9)). - Public entities and institutions - Staff and vendors may rely on the interoperability exception to integrate systems, so long as they stay within the purpose limits and do not infringe copyright or other statutes (Bill s. 41.12(1), (5)–(9)). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - The bill contains no appropriations, taxes, or fees in its text (Bill text). - No official fiscal note identified. Data unavailable. - Any enforcement or administrative costs are not specified. Data unavailable. ## Proponents' View - Improves consumer choice and competition by allowing users and developers to make programs and devices work together, reducing lock‑in to a single provider (Bill s. 41.12(1), (4)). - Supports repair and maintenance by permitting lawful circumvention of TPMs on embedded software solely to achieve interoperability, including with third‑party parts or tools (Bill s. 41.12(1)(b), (5)–(6)). - Preserves copyright through guardrails: the exception vanishes if any step infringes copyright, adding a clear boundary between interoperability and piracy (Bill s. 41.12(7)–(8)). - Enables knowledge sharing for interoperability while keeping it purpose‑bound, allowing practical collaboration without broad distribution of circumvention methods (Bill s. 41.12(4)–(6)). - Extends existing interoperability rights to devices with embedded software, reflecting modern, connected products across many sectors (Bill s. 41.12(1)(a)–(b)). ## Opponents' View - Risk of misuse: expanding lawful TPM circumvention and information sharing could be abused beyond interoperability, and intent may be hard to police despite purpose limits (Bill s. 41.12(5)–(6)). - Security and safety concerns: enabling third‑party interactions with embedded software may increase risks if changes are not properly vetted; the bill does not set technical standards or certifications. Data unavailable. - Legal uncertainty: terms like “lawfully obtained” and the scope of “interoperable” may be contested, creating compliance and litigation risk until clarified by guidance or courts. Data unavailable. - Enforcement complexity: determining when interoperability efforts cross into copyright infringement or breach other laws may burden rights holders and users, even with the non‑application clauses (Bill s. 41.12(7)–(9)).

Travel Tax Break for Construction Workers

## Summary This bill changes the federal Income Tax Act to let certain construction workers deduct their travel costs from taxable income. It covers tradespersons and indentured apprentices who travel to job sites at least 120 km from their usual home. It applies to the 2022 tax year and onward (Bill Section 1, para 8(1)(q.1); Section 2). - Allows a new deduction for amounts spent on travel “to and from” distant construction job sites (Bill Section 1, para 8(1)(q.1)). - Eligible only if the worker is a duly qualified tradesperson or an indentured apprentice in construction (Bill Section 1). - Distance threshold: job site must be 120 km or more from the worker’s ordinary residence (usual home) (Bill Section 1). - No explicit dollar cap; no double-claim if an allowance was received tax‑free or if claimed elsewhere (Bill Section 1). - Applies to 2022 and later tax years (retroactive to 2022) (Bill Section 2). ## What it means for you - Households (trades workers and apprentices) - You may deduct what you paid for travel to and from a construction job site 120 km or more from your home, if your employment contract required you to pay those costs and you did not get a non-taxable allowance for them (Bill Section 1). - The deduction lowers your taxable income. The tax savings depend on your tax bracket. If you owe little or no income tax, the benefit is small because this is a deduction, not a refundable credit (Bill Section 1). - Keep records. You will need proof of your travel spending and that your contract required you to cover it. The bill does not create a special form; normal audit rules apply (Bill Section 1). - You cannot also claim these same travel costs under any other deduction or credit (no double-claim) (Bill Section 1). - Workers comparing with the existing federal Labour Mobility Deduction for Tradespeople (LMDT) - The LMDT (in place since 2022) lets eligible construction workers deduct certain travel, temporary lodging, and meal costs for jobs 150 km or more from home, up to $4,000/year (Budget 2022; CRA guidance on LMDT). - This bill’s deduction has a shorter distance threshold (120 km) and no stated dollar cap, but it covers only travel “to and from” the site, not lodging or meals (Bill Section 1; Budget 2022). - You cannot claim the same expense under both. You would need to choose which deduction fits your situation (Bill Section 1(iii); Budget 2022). - Businesses (employers in construction) - No new filings or taxes for employers. However, workers can only claim if their contract requires them to pay their own travel costs and they did not receive a non-taxable allowance for those costs (Bill Section 1). - Tax preparers and advisors - Check three tests: worker status (duly qualified tradesperson or indentured apprentice in construction), distance (≥120 km), and contract requirement to self-fund travel with no non-taxable allowance received (Bill Section 1). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - No appropriation in the bill; it creates a new tax deduction that would reduce federal income tax revenue (Bill Section 1). - No official fiscal note identified for this specific bill. Data unavailable. - Key design features that affect cost: - No explicit annual dollar cap on the deduction (Bill Section 1). - Eligibility limited to construction tradespersons and indentured apprentices, and only for travel to and from distant job sites (Bill Section 1). - Applies starting in the 2022 tax year (retroactive) (Bill Section 2). ## Proponents' View - Lowers out-of-pocket costs for construction workers who must travel far for work by letting them deduct required travel expenses from income (Bill Section 1). - Broader reach than the existing LMDT on distance: 120 km threshold vs. 150 km, which could make more workers eligible in medium-distance scenarios (Bill Section 1; Budget 2022). - Simple rule set: three clear conditions (contract requires payment, no non-taxable allowance, no double-claim) and no dollar cap, which avoids small annual limits (Bill Section 1). - Retroactive start in 2022 provides immediate relief for past eligible travel (Bill Section 2). ## Opponents' View - Ambiguity risk: “duly qualified tradesperson,” “indentured apprentice,” and “construction activity” are not defined in the bill, which could lead to disputes and uneven administration (Bill Section 1). - Fiscal uncertainty: no explicit cap means potentially large, uneven deductions; total revenue loss cannot be forecast without a limit or fiscal estimate. Data unavailable (Bill Section 1). - Overlap and complexity with the existing LMDT may confuse filers and require extra CRA enforcement to prevent double-claims, since each program covers different costs and thresholds (Bill Section 1(iii); Budget 2022). - Unequal benefit distribution: deductions give larger dollar tax savings to higher‑bracket taxpayers, while lower‑income workers may see little benefit if they owe little tax (Bill Section 1). - Line-drawing effects: workers traveling 100–119 km receive no benefit under this bill even if their costs are high, while those at 120+ km qualify (Bill Section 1).

Canada to Create National Pandemic Plan

## Summary This bill requires the federal Minister of Health to create, publish, and regularly update a national plan to prevent and prepare for future pandemics. It also amends the Department of Health Act to require a national coordinator at the Public Health Agency of Canada to lead this work. The plan must use a “One Health” approach (a joint human–animal–environment lens) and include input from several federal ministers, provinces, territories, and Indigenous communities. The first plan is due within two years of the Act coming into force, with updates at least every three years (Bill 3(4), 4(1)). - Sets deadlines to table a public plan within two years and update it at least every three years (Bill 3(4), 4(1)-(3)). - Requires a coordinator at the Public Health Agency of Canada to oversee activities (Department of Health Act amendment). - Mandates collaboration with provinces, territories, and Indigenous communities on data sharing, training, and preparedness (Bill 3(2)(c)-(d)). - Calls for linked disease surveillance systems, stockpile planning, and surge staffing strategies (Bill 3(2)(g), 3(2)(i)(iii)-(iv), 3(2)(j)). - Directs analysis of domestic manufacturing capacity for vaccines, tests, and PPE, and actions to fill gaps (Bill 3(2)(k)(i)). - Requires consideration of measures on activities tied to pandemic risk (e.g., industrial animal agriculture, live animal markets, wildlife trade, land-use change) within the plan (Bill 3(2)(l), 3(2)(m)). ## What it means for you - Households - No immediate changes to daily life. The bill is about planning and reporting, not new rules or benefits. - Future outbreaks may see clearer risk communication and more coordinated responses if measures from the plan are later funded and implemented (Bill 3(2)(i)(v)). - Workers - Essential workers: The plan must address working conditions during outbreaks as part of preparedness strategies (Bill 3(2)(i)(ii)). - Health workers: The plan must “provide for” training to handle sudden surges in patients (Bill 3(2)(j)). This is a planning requirement; training occurs only if funded later. - Businesses - Manufacturers of vaccines, tests, and PPE: The plan must list domestic capacity and steps to address supply gaps (Bill 3(2)(k)(i)). - Communications and app providers: The plan must cover capacity for digital tools, including contact tracing apps (Bill 3(2)(k)(ii)). - Agriculture and wildlife trade sectors: The plan must consider measures to regulate or phase out activities that increase pandemic risk, including parts of industrial animal agriculture, live animal markets, and trade in high-risk species (Bill 3(2)(l)(ii)-(iv), 3(2)(m)(ii)). The bill itself does not enact these measures. - Local and Indigenous governments - Must be engaged in developing the plan, including on data collection and sharing (Bill 3(2)(c)). - May be offered training and support for public health capacity if such measures are later approved and funded (Bill 3(2)(d), 3(2)(h)). - Travelers and border users - The plan must assess how pathogens could enter Canada and summarize border measures that would be used to reduce risk (Bill 3(2)(p)). This is planning only; it does not change current border rules. - Timing - First plan due within two years after the Act comes into force; updates at least every three years (Bill 3(4), 4(1)). - The coordinator position takes effect through the Department of Health Act amendment once the Act is in force (Department of Health Act amendment). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - The bill contains no appropriation or new revenue (no direct spending authority in the text). - Administrative costs for appointing a coordinator, preparing the plan, consultations, tabling, and web publication: Data unavailable. - Potential program costs (if later approved) for training, capacity building, surveillance system interlinking, stockpile management, and manufacturing or communications initiatives are not estimated in the bill (Bill 3(2)(d), 3(2)(g)-(j), 3(2)(k)). - No official fiscal note identified. Data unavailable. ## Proponents' View - Creates a clear, public, and recurring plan with deadlines, improving accountability and learning over time (Bill 3(4)-(5), 4(1)-(3)). - Uses a One Health approach to address risks at the human–animal–environment interface, aligning with international metrics and best science (Bill 3(3)(a)-(c)). - Strengthens core capacities by planning linked surveillance, surge staffing, stockpiles, and risk communication (Bill 3(2)(g), 3(2)(i)(iii)-(v), 3(2)(j)). - Addresses supply vulnerabilities by mapping domestic manufacturing capacity for vaccines, tests, and PPE and steps to close gaps (Bill 3(2)(k)(i)). - Improves coordination across governments and with Indigenous communities, which can reduce confusion during emergencies (Bill 3(2)(c)-(d)). - Integrates international cooperation, border risk analysis, and global health equity measures to reduce importation and spread of disease (Bill 3(2)(n)-(p)). ## Opponents' View - The plan’s scope touches areas of provincial and Indigenous jurisdiction (health service delivery, land use, data sharing), risking overlap or conflict and adding administrative burden (Bill 3(2)(c), 3(2)(m)). - The plan must consider regulatory or phase‑out measures for certain sectors (industrial animal agriculture, live animal markets, high‑risk species), but the bill provides no impact analysis or costs, creating uncertainty for businesses (Bill 3(2)(l)(ii)-(iv), 3(2)(m)(ii)). - Building interlinked surveillance systems and digital contact tracing capacity may raise privacy and cybersecurity concerns; the bill does not set privacy safeguards or data standards (Bill 3(2)(g), 3(2)(k)(ii)). - No funding details. The bill mandates planning deliverables without resources attached, which could lead to unfunded expectations or delays (no appropriation in bill text). - Tight timelines and broad consultation requirements may strain departments and partners, risking a high‑level plan with limited operational detail within the two‑year window (Bill 3(4)).

Renaming Child Pornography to Abuse Material

## Summary This bill changes the term “child pornography” to “child sexual abuse and exploitation material” across the Criminal Code and several related federal laws. It keeps the same set of offences, tools for search and seizure, and publication bans, while updating language throughout. It also specifies that ongoing court cases remain valid and that the law takes effect one year after Royal Assent (Transitional Provision; Coming into Force). - Updates terminology in Criminal Code s.163.1 and related provisions, including warrants, forfeiture, deletion orders, and publication bans (e.g., ss.164, 164.1, 486.4, 672.501). - States penalties for making or distributing this material: indictable offence with up to 14 years in prison and a minimum 1-year sentence (s.163.1(2)-(3)). - Keeps possession and accessing offences, with updated wording but no stated change to their penalty clauses (s.163.1(4), (4.1)). - Clarifies that “accessing” includes knowingly causing the material to be viewed by oneself (s.163.1(4.2)). - Ensures ongoing proceedings and documents that still say “child pornography” remain valid and are read as the new term (Transitional Provision). - Applies the new wording across other Acts, including the Internet reporting law, Corrections and Conditional Release Act, Criminal Records Act, and National Defence Act (Consequential Amendments). ## What it means for you - Households - No change in daily life for law-abiding people. The bill renames terms; it does not create new offences beyond those already in s.163.1 (Bill Summary; s.163.1). - If you are a victim or family member, courts and records will use the updated term. Publication bans that protect identities remain in place (ss.486.4(3), 672.501(2)). - Survivors and witnesses - Judges must continue to ban publication of any information that could identify a witness under 18 or a person depicted in the material. The ban references the updated term (s.486.4(3); s.672.501(2)). - Internet service providers and online platforms - The federal law on mandatory reporting changes its title and references to the new term. Your reporting duties continue; the wording is updated (Consequential Amendments, item (a)). - Media and publishers - Publication bans tied to these offences remain. The prohibitions now reference the new term but work the same way (s.486.4(3)). - Law enforcement and prosecutors - Warrants, seizure, deletion, and forfeiture powers continue, with updated terminology for material stored or made available through computer systems (ss.164, 164.1). - Charging language for making or distributing includes a maximum 14-year sentence and a minimum 1-year sentence (s.163.1(2)-(3)). - “Accessing” includes knowingly causing the material to be viewed by oneself (s.163.1(4.2)). - Transitional clause keeps current cases valid; references in existing documents are read as the new term (Transitional Provision). - Courts - Forfeiture and deletion orders refer to the updated term but keep the same standards (“balance of probabilities”) and remedies (ss.164(3)-(5); 164.1(5), (7)). - The coming-into-force date is one year after Royal Assent, allowing time to update forms, practice directions, and IT systems (Coming into Force). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - No direct appropriations, new fines, or fees are stated in the bill text (Bill Summary; full text). - The bill provides a 1-year implementation window after Royal Assent; any government administrative costs to update laws, systems, or training are not quantified in public documents (Coming into Force). - Data unavailable. ## Proponents' View - Uses clearer, harm-focused language that describes “sexual abuse and exploitation,” applied consistently across the Criminal Code and other Acts (Bill Summary; s.163.1(1); Consequential Amendments). - Maintains existing investigative tools—warrants to seize or delete illegal material from computer systems—while aligning terminology for digital evidence (ss.164.1(1), (5), (7)). - Keeps court protections for victims and witnesses under publication bans, with updated wording that reduces ambiguity across proceedings (ss.486.4(3); 672.501(2)). - Ensures continuity: ongoing cases and documents remain valid, reducing disruption from the wording change (Transitional Provision). - Specifies penalties for making and distribution offences—up to 14 years, with a minimum 1 year—signaling seriousness and consistency in sentencing language (s.163.1(2)-(3)). ## Opponents' View - Limited practical change: the bill primarily renames terms and does not create new offences, alter elements of offences, or add reporting duties, so it may not change enforcement outcomes (s.163.1; Consequential Amendments). - Administrative burden to update statutes, forms, training materials, and IT systems across justice and corrections, with no published cost estimates (Consequential Amendments; Data unavailable). - Risk of short-term confusion during the transition between old and new terminology, despite the clause that preserves ongoing cases (Transitional Provision). - Retains mandatory minimum sentences of 1 year for making and distribution offences, which some argue reduce judicial discretion in complex cases (s.163.1(2)-(3)).

One Canadian Economy Act

## Summary - This bill creates two new laws. One aims to ease trade and worker mobility within Canada. The other sets a faster path to approve big projects that are in the national interest. - It would treat goods, services, and some worker licenses that meet one province’s or territory’s rules as meeting comparable federal rules. - It would let the federal cabinet label certain large projects as “national interest projects” and bundle federal approvals into one document with conditions. - It adds public transparency, Indigenous consultation, and national security checks for these projects. - Some normal federal review steps would be shortened or replaced, with guardrails for safety, security, and the environment. - Parts of the law would be reviewed after five years. Key changes - Goods and services: If they meet a province’s or territory’s standards, they are treated as meeting comparable federal requirements for moving across provinces. - Workers: If you hold a provincial or territorial authorization for an occupation, a comparable federal authorization must be issued to you. - Overrides: If there is a conflict, these new trade and mobility rules would override other federal rules. - National interest projects: Cabinet can add projects to a public list after 30 days’ notice and consultation; consent is needed if the project is only under provincial or territorial powers. - Streamlined approvals: For listed projects, required federal determinations are deemed favourable. The minister must issue one document that sets all conditions and counts as the needed federal authorizations. - Safeguards: Nuclear and energy regulators must confirm safety and security. Indigenous peoples must be consulted with a public report. All studies, conditions, and reasons must be published before approval. Projects must start within five years or approvals expire. - Limits and oversight: Powers to add projects or make related regulations end after five years and can’t be used when Parliament is prorogued or dissolved. Annual independent reviews and public reports are required. ## What it means for you - Workers and professionals - Easier to work across Canada if your job also needs a federal authorization. Your provincial or territorial authorization would be recognized, and a comparable federal one must be issued. - Less duplicate testing or paperwork to get federal recognition. - Businesses selling across provinces - If your product or service meets rules in one province or territory, it would be treated as meeting comparable federal rules for moving it across Canada. - Less duplication of federal compliance steps tied to interprovincial trade. - Consumers - Potential for more choice and lower costs if products and services can move more easily across provinces. - Large project developers (energy, transport, corridors, Northern projects, etc.) - A faster, one-window federal process if your project is listed as in the national interest. - You must still meet requirements, pay fees, and follow conditions. All conditions will be public before approval. - You must start the project within five years or the authorization expires. - Indigenous peoples - Required consultation with a process for active and meaningful participation. - A public report on consultations must be posted within 60 days of approval. - Provinces and territories - The federal government must consult you before listing a project in your jurisdiction and obtain written consent if it falls in your exclusive powers. - Trade and mobility changes target federal barriers; provincial rules still apply. - Environment and safety - Some early planning steps in the federal impact assessment process would not apply to listed projects, but an impact assessment is still required. - Nuclear and energy projects cannot be approved through this process unless safety and security are confirmed by the relevant regulators. - Project studies, recommendations, and reasons for decisions must be published. ## Expenses No publicly available information. ## Proponents' View - Cuts red tape so goods, services, and workers can move more freely within Canada, helping the economy. - Speeds up critical national projects, boosting jobs, growth, trade corridors, and energy security. - Gives investors certainty through a clear, time-bound process and one federal authorization document. - Maintains protections: independent safety checks for nuclear and energy, public conditions and studies, national security reviews, and required Indigenous consultation. - Respects provincial roles by requiring consent for projects in areas that are only provincial or territorial. - Adds accountability with annual independent reviews and public reporting. ## Opponents' View - Centralizes power in cabinet and a minister, which could weaken the role of independent regulators and normal review steps. - “Deeming” favourable federal determinations may lower environmental or safety scrutiny, even with conditions attached. - Alters parts of the impact assessment process and could reduce early public participation, risking legal challenges. - Treating provincial standards as “comparable” to federal ones may cause uneven protection or a “race to the bottom.” - Indigenous consultation requirements may not equal consent, raising concerns about rights and project legitimacy. - Transparency and new offices or registries may still leave gaps, and shifting rules could create confusion for businesses and regulators.

Ports and Rail Get Tougher Safety Rules

## Summary This bill changes several transport laws to improve safety and security at ports, on railways, and for dangerous goods. It gives the federal transport minister and agencies more tools to inspect, order fixes, set penalties, and manage risks. It also adds new planning, reporting, and community engagement duties for port authorities, including climate plans. Many details will be set later by regulations and orders in council. - Importers must make goods available for customs checks, including delivery to secure areas on request (Customs Act, new requirements). - Rail companies face new security duties, stronger penalties, and possible security clearances; unruly or dangerous behaviour on trains or in stations is banned (Railway Safety Act, new offences and orders). - Anyone who handles dangerous goods must register; a new administrative monetary penalty (AMP) regime applies (Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act, 1992, new registration and AMPs). - The transport minister can issue interim orders and emergency directions for marine security; penalties increase; 14‑day anchorage limits apply in a defined B.C. area (Marine Transportation Security Act, new powers and Schedule). - Port authorities get new roles in traffic management, must create advisory committees with Indigenous representation, and must file climate plans and reports; thermal coal loading is to be banned by regulation no later than December 31, 2030 (Canada Marine Act, new duties and regulation powers). - Certain port‑related mergers must be reported at a lower threshold of CAD $10,000,000; the minister may use automated systems and remote entry for compliance work (Canada Transportation Act, s.53.1 and new tech provisions). ## What it means for you - Households (near ports and rail lines) - Less unruly behaviour at stations and on trains due to new prohibitions and enforcement (Railway Safety Act, “Unruly or dangerous behaviour” offence). - Potential reduction in long‑term anchoring near Southern Strait of Georgia communities; vessels anchored over 14 days must leave the defined area (Marine Transportation Security Act, s.16 and Schedule). - Port authorities must consult local communities and publish summaries twice a year through advisory committees that include local Indigenous representatives (Canada Marine Act, s.33.1). - Workers (rail, port, marine, dangerous goods) - Possible need for transportation security clearances in rail settings; the minister may grant, refuse, suspend, or cancel clearances (Railway Safety Act, “Transportation Security Clearance”). - Screening officers and marine personnel face higher penalties for violations and can be suspended for security risks (Marine Transportation Security Act, ss.19.2, 20, 25). - For a coming thermal coal ban, the government must consult unions on worker protections such as alternative opportunities and pension bridging (Canada Marine Act, s.62(1.2)). - Businesses (importers, shippers, railways, marine operators, dangerous‑goods firms) - Importers must deliver goods to secure areas for customs exams when asked, on timelines set by regulation (Customs Act, “Secure area” requirement). - Anyone importing, offering for transport, handling, or transporting dangerous goods must register; firms making or servicing containers for dangerous goods must hold certificates of registration (Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act, 1992, ss.6.11, 6.2). - New AMPs apply for dangerous‑goods violations; maximums are $50,000 for individuals and $250,000 for organizations per violation, with due diligence as a defence (TDG Act, s.32.11(b), s.32.17(6)). - Rail companies must maintain security management systems; the minister can order corrective measures and strengthen penalties for non‑compliance (Railway Safety Act, s.32 updates; s.47.1(1.1)). - Marine operators face interim orders and emergency directions that can override regulations for up to 72 hours; penalties up to $1,000,000 (individual) and $2,000,000 (corporation) apply (Marine Transportation Security Act, ss.6.1, 17.4, 9, 11). - Vessels in the Southern Strait of Georgia area must move after 14 days at anchor; operators and vessels can be fined if they fail to comply after notice (Marine Transportation Security Act, s.16(1.1), s.17). - Port‑related transactions over CAD $10,000,000 must be notified to the Transport Minister and Competition Bureau (Canada Transportation Act, s.53.1(1.1)); this may add timelines and information requests. - Port authorities may face new fees, information‑sharing duties, and regulations governing marine traffic, mooring, anchorage, and activities of moored/anchored vessels (Canada Marine Act, s.62(1)(a.1), (a.2), (d.2)). - Local governments and Indigenous communities - Guaranteed seats in port advisory committees and regular consultations; port land‑use planning must be posted with public input windows (Canada Marine Act, ss.33.1, 48(4)-(7)). - Port business plans, quarterly financial reports, and annual reports on climate plans must be published (Canada Marine Act, ss.37.1, 39, 43.1–43.4). - Service users (rail passengers, port users) - Stronger rules against dangerous or unruly passenger behaviour; inspectors and officers gain clearer powers to enforce (Railway Safety Act, new prohibitions; enforcement updates). - Possible new port fees and operational rules as authorities manage traffic and security risks (Canada Marine Act, s.62; Marine Transportation Security Act, s.5(3)). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - No direct appropriations are specified in the bill text. Many measures rely on future regulations and ministerial orders. Compliance and enforcement will require departmental resources (Data unavailable). - The bill authorizes or increases fees and penalties; these are potential revenues, not estimated in public documents (Data unavailable). Item | Amount | Frequency | Source ---|---:|---|--- TDG administrative monetary penalty (individual) | Up to $50,000 | Per violation | Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act, 1992, s.32.11(b)(i) TDG administrative monetary penalty (organization) | Up to $250,000 | Per violation | TDG Act, s.32.11(b)(ii) Marine security offence fine (individual) | Up to $1,000,000 | Per offence (indictable); lower on summary | Marine Transportation Security Act, ss.5(4), 9, 11 Marine security offence fine (corporation) | Up to $2,000,000 | Per offence (indictable); lower on summary | MTS Act, ss.5(4), 9, 11 Port‑related violations (AMPS) | Up to $250,000 | Per violation | MTS Act, s.51(c); transitional ranges set until regs (Transitional Provisions) Regulatory fees (marine security) | Not specified | As set by regulation | MTS Act, s.5(3) Regulatory fees and data sharing (ports) | Not specified | As set by regulation | Canada Marine Act, s.62(1)(a.1)-(a.2), (d.2) ## Proponents' View - Improves safety and security with clear powers to act fast in emergencies and rising threats, including health risks, through interim orders and emergency directions (Marine Transportation Security Act, ss.6.1, 17.4). - Closes gaps in dangerous‑goods oversight by requiring universal registration and creating an AMP regime, which promotes compliance without lengthy prosecutions (TDG Act, ss.6.11, 32.11–32.26). - Modernizes rail safety by integrating “security” into safety, enabling corrective orders on security management systems, and prohibiting dangerous or unruly conduct that endangers passengers and staff (Railway Safety Act, updated definitions; s.32 orders; new prohibitions). - Reduces community impacts from long‑term anchoring by imposing a 14‑day limit in a sensitive B.C. area, with enforceable penalties (MTS Act, s.16(1.1) and Schedule). - Strengthens port governance and transparency: advisory committees with Indigenous participation, regular governance assessments, quarterly financials, and public climate plans and annual progress reports (Canada Marine Act, ss.33.1, 33.2, 37.1, 43.1–43.4). - Protects competition and national economic security by lowering the reporting threshold for port‑related transactions and enabling ministerial orders to prevent imminent harm to security or competition (Canada Transportation Act, s.53.1(1.1); Canada Marine Act, new ministerial order power). ## Opponents' View - Expands ministerial discretion with limited upfront oversight: interim orders are exempt from the Statutory Instruments Act and can last up to three years with extensions, raising accountability concerns (Marine Transportation Security Act, s.6.1(2)-(4), (6)-(7)). - Compliance burdens may be high for small and mid‑sized firms: new registrations for dangerous goods, potential security clearances, reporting, and possible new port fees, with unclear timelines until regulations are issued (TDG Act, ss.6.11, 6.2; Canada Marine Act, s.62). - Use of automated systems and remote “entry” for compliance checks may raise due process and privacy concerns if safeguards are not clear, even with consent requirements for non‑public places (Canada Transportation Act, s.6.2(4), new “Means of telecommunication”). - The 14‑day anchorage limit could shift congestion to other coastal areas or ports, affecting supply chains and local communities not covered by the Schedule (Marine Transportation Security Act, s.16(1.1); Schedule). - High penalty ceilings (up to $2,000,000 for corporations) may deter investment or create litigation risk if guidelines are not clear; many penalties depend on future regulations (Marine Transportation Security Act, ss.5(4)-(5), 9, 11; TDG Act, s.32.11(b)). - Thermal coal loading prohibition by December 31, 2030 may affect jobs and regional economies tied to coal exports, despite required union consultations; the bill provides no direct funds for transition (Canada Marine Act, s.62(1.1)–(1.3)).

Parliament to Appoint Visual Artist Laureate

## Summary This bill amends the Parliament of Canada Act to create a Parliamentary Visual Artist Laureate as an officer of the Library of Parliament. It sets a 2‑year maximum term, a selection process led by the Speakers, a broad mandate to promote the arts, and specific powers to create works and sponsor exhibitions. It also corrects wording in the English version of the Act about the selection committee for the Parliamentary Poet Laureate. - Creates a new officer role: Parliamentary Visual Artist Laureate within the Library of Parliament (Bill, (1)). - Selection by the Speakers from a list of three names proposed by a committee of cultural leaders; primary official language alternates between appointees; list must reflect Canada’s diversity (Bill, (2)). - Term up to two years; the Speakers may end the term early if acting together (Bill, (3)). - Mandate: promote the arts in Canada through Parliament; “arts” includes drawing, painting, sculpture, printmaking, design, crafts, photography, videography, filmmaking, and digital creations (Bill, (4), (6)). - Powers include producing art for state occasions, sponsoring art events and exhibitions, and advising the Parliamentary Librarian on cultural acquisitions (Bill, (5)(a)-(d)). - Corrects the English reference to the Canada Council for the Arts in the Poet Laureate selection clause (Bill, final clause amending s.75.1(2)). ## What it means for you - Households and visitors - Parliament will have a designated visual artist role whose job is to promote the arts through Parliament (Bill, (4)). - The Laureate can sponsor art events and exhibitions in connection with Parliament (Bill, (5)(b)). Access rules are not stated. - Artists and arts organizations - A new national role will commission or create works for state occasions at the request of either Speaker (Bill, (5)(a)). - The Laureate may sponsor artistic events, including exhibitions, which could involve artists and organizations (Bill, (5)(b)). The bill does not set grant programs or application processes. - Candidates for Laureate are proposed by a committee chaired by the Parliamentary Librarian and including leaders from the National Gallery of Canada, the Office of the Commissioner of Official Languages, the Canada Council for the Arts, and the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts, or their designates (Bill, (2)). - Parliamentarians and parliamentary staff - The Speakers select the Laureate from a confidential list of three names prepared by the selection committee (Bill, (2)). - Either Speaker may request works for occasions of state (Bill, (5)(a)). - The Laureate holds office for up to two years and serves at the pleasure of both Speakers acting together (Bill, (3)). - Library of Parliament - Gains an officer position dedicated to visual arts (Bill, (1)). - Receives advice from the Laureate on the Library’s collection and cultural acquisitions (Bill, (5)(c)). - Poet Laureate stakeholders - The bill corrects the English wording for the Poet Laureate selection committee’s reference to the Canada Council for the Arts; duties of the Poet Laureate are unchanged (Bill, amended s.75.1(2)). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - No explicit appropriations, salaries, or budgets are stated in the bill text (Bill, (1), (5)). - No fees or revenue changes are stated. Data unavailable. Item | Amount | Frequency | Source --- | --- | --- | --- Salary and benefits for the Laureate | Data unavailable | Data unavailable | Bill, (1) Program costs for events, exhibitions, or commissions | Data unavailable | Data unavailable | Bill, (5)(a)-(b) Administrative and support costs within the Library of Parliament | Data unavailable | Data unavailable | Bill, (1), (5)(d) ## Proponents' View - Elevates visual arts in Parliament by creating a dedicated Laureate with a clear mandate to foster knowledge, enjoyment, awareness, and development of the arts (Bill, (4)). - Enables Parliament to commission and showcase Canadian art for state occasions and sponsor exhibitions, increasing public exposure to Canadian artists (Bill, (5)(a)-(b)). - Uses an expert selection process that draws on national cultural institutions, aiming for merit and diversity in nominations (Bill, (2)). - Ensures representation of both official languages over time by alternating the primary official language of appointees (Bill, (2)). - Strengthens the Library of Parliament’s cultural holdings through advice from a practicing visual artist (Bill, (5)(c)). ## Opponents' View - Creates a new officer role without defined costs or a budget cap; financial impact on the Library of Parliament is unspecified (Bill, (1), (5)). Assumes additional funding or reallocation may be needed; Data unavailable. - The mandate to “promote the arts” is broad, with no performance measures in the bill; results may be hard to assess (Bill, (4)). - Potential overlap with existing bodies (e.g., National Gallery of Canada, Canada Council for the Arts, Parliamentary Poet Laureate) could duplicate activities like exhibitions and public engagement (Bill, (2), (5)(b)-(c)). - Selection and removal by the Speakers, and service “at the pleasure” of both, may raise concerns about independence or politicization of the role (Bill, (2)-(3)). - The requirement to alternate the primary official language and to submit a list of three names reflecting diversity may limit candidate pools in some cycles, affecting flexibility in selection (Bill, (2)).

Canada Plans Environmental Justice Strategy

## Summary This bill requires the federal Minister of the Environment to create, publish, and update a national strategy to advance environmental justice and to assess, prevent, and address environmental racism. It sets timelines for the first strategy and for follow-up reports. It requires broad consultation, including with Indigenous communities, and alignment with the federal framework on Indigenous rights. - Requires a national strategy within 2 years of the Act coming into force, then public posting within 10 days of tabling (s.4(1)–(2)). - Mandates a study on links between race, income, and environmental risk, plus statistics on where environmental hazards are located (s.3(3)(a)). - Requires consultation with governments in Canada and Indigenous communities; strategy must align with the framework on Indigenous rights (s.3(2)). - Lists possible measures the strategy may include, such as law changes, community involvement, compensation, and health data collection (s.3(3)(b)). - Requires effectiveness reports every 5 years, with conclusions and recommendations (s.5). ## What it means for you - Households and communities - You may be able to share your experiences and priorities during consultations for the national strategy (s.3(2), s.3(3)(b)(ii)). Timing: during strategy development within the 2‑year window after the Act comes into force (s.4(1)). - You can expect a public strategy that includes data on environmental hazards and how they affect different groups (s.3(3)(a); s.4(2)). - The strategy may recommend compensation for people or communities harmed by environmental racism, but this Act does not itself provide compensation (s.3(3)(b)(iii)). - There is no direct order in this Act to clean up sites, move facilities, or change permits. Any concrete actions would depend on future measures in the strategy and other laws (s.3(3)(b)). - Indigenous peoples - The Minister must consult or cooperate with Indigenous communities, and the strategy must be consistent with the federal framework for recognizing and implementing Indigenous rights (s.3(2)). - You may have formal avenues to help shape data collection, proposed measures, and recommendations in the strategy (s.3(3)). - Community groups and NGOs - The strategy may include measures to involve community groups in environmental policy‑making (s.3(3)(b)(ii)). - You may be asked to provide local data, research, or community impact information for the required study (s.3(3)(a)). - Businesses and project proponents - No new regulations or permitting rules take effect under this Act. However, the strategy may propose changes to federal laws, policies, or programs in the future (s.3(3)(b)(i)). - Public reporting on hazard locations and community health outcomes may increase scrutiny of facilities near affected communities (s.3(3)(a), s.3(3)(b)(iv); s.4(2)). - Provinces, territories, and municipalities - You may be consulted and asked to share information to support the study and strategy (s.3(2), s.3(3)(a)). - The Act does not impose binding obligations on subnational governments; it focuses on a federal strategy and reporting (s.3–s.5). - All Canadians - You will be able to read the national strategy once tabled and posted, and later reviews of its effectiveness every 5 years (s.4–s.5). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - No fiscal note or appropriation amounts in the bill text. The Act directs the Minister to develop, publish, and report on a strategy and to conduct a study and consultations (s.3–s.5). Data unavailable on associated administrative costs. - The Act does not authorize or fund compensation; it only lists compensation as a possible measure that the strategy may consider (s.3(3)(b)(iii)). Any future costs would depend on separate decisions. Data unavailable. - The frequency of required reporting is set (initial strategy within 2 years; effectiveness reports every 5 years), but no budget figures are provided (s.4–s.5). Data unavailable. ## Proponents' View - A national strategy will coordinate federal action and fill data gaps by requiring a study of how race and income relate to environmental risk and where hazards are located (s.3(3)(a)). - Mandated consultation and community involvement will give affected people a formal role in shaping policy and solutions (s.3(2); s.3(3)(b)(ii)). - Aligning the strategy with the framework on Indigenous rights supports better, rights‑consistent decision‑making (s.3(2)). - Regular 5‑year effectiveness reports create public accountability and a feedback loop to adjust the strategy (s.5). - Listing options such as legal amendments, compensation, and health data collection gives the strategy tools to address both past harms and ongoing risks (s.3(3)(b)(i), (iii), (iv)). ## Opponents' View - The Act sets process and study requirements but does not mandate concrete actions like cleanup, relocation, or permit changes, so results may be limited without later laws or funding (s.3(3)(b); s.4–s.5). - “Compensation” is only a possible measure; the Act provides no authority or budget for payments, which could create expectations without delivery (s.3(3)(b)(iii)). - Cross‑jurisdiction coordination with provinces, territories, and municipalities may slow implementation of the strategy’s recommendations, since the Act imposes no binding duties on them (s.3(2)). - The 2‑year timeline to produce the strategy could delay near‑term action on known hot spots, depending on how the Minister sequences work (s.4(1)). - Data collection and analysis demands may strain departmental and community capacity if not funded, risking incomplete or uneven coverage (s.3(3)(a); s.3(2)).

Clear Home Internet Speed Labels

## Summary This bill changes the Telecommunications Act to require internet providers to share clear, accurate information about home internet (fixed broadband) performance. It directs the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) to hold public hearings and set the rules for what to measure, how to measure it, and how to present it to the public. - Requires providers to publish service quality metrics and “typical” download and upload speeds during peak hours (Bill, new s. 24.2(2)(a)-(b)). - Lets the CRTC define the metrics, testing methods, peak periods, and the format so the information is easy to find and understand (Bill, new s. 24.2(3)(a)-(c),(f)). - Allows the CRTC to decide if some types of carriers or network technologies are excluded in whole or in part (Bill, new s. 24.2(3)(d)-(e)). - Requires the CRTC to set compliance monitoring and enforcement measures so services match the published information (Bill, new s. 24.2(3)(g)). - Applies to fixed broadband delivered by cable, fibre, wireless access, satellite, or similar systems (Bill, new s. 24.2(1),(3)(e)). ## What it means for you - Households and consumers - You will see typical download and upload speeds for peak times, not just “up to” speeds, when shopping for home internet. Timing depends on the CRTC setting the rules after public hearings (Bill, new s. 24.2(2)-(3)). - You will see other service quality metrics defined by the CRTC, presented in a simple, accessible format (Bill, new s. 24.2(2)(a),(c), 24.2(3)(f)). - If a provider’s service does not match the published information, the CRTC will have enforcement tools. The exact tools will be set after hearings (Bill, new s. 24.2(3)(g)). - Businesses (internet providers/carriers) - You must measure and publish peak-period service quality and typical speeds using methods the CRTC defines, and in the format it requires (Bill, new s. 24.2(2), 24.2(3)(a)-(c),(f)). - You may face compliance monitoring and enforcement if your delivered service does not reflect your published metrics (Bill, new s. 24.2(3)(g)). - Some carrier types or transmission systems may be excluded in whole or in part, depending on CRTC decisions (Bill, new s. 24.2(3)(d)-(e)). - Rural and remote users - Satellite and fixed wireless services are covered unless the CRTC excludes them. You would see typical speeds for peak periods in your area once rules are in place (Bill, new s. 24.2(1)-(3)). - Local governments and community organizations - You can use standardized, public metrics to assess service quality in your area once the CRTC’s framework is in effect (Bill, new s. 24.2(2)-(3)). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - No direct spending or appropriations are stated in the bill text (Bill, passim). - The CRTC must hold public hearings and set a framework. Administrative costs are likely but not specified. Data unavailable (Bill, new s. 24.2(3)). - Carriers will incur compliance costs to measure, report, and maintain data. Amounts will depend on CRTC’s final methods and scope. Data unavailable (Bill, new s. 24.2(2)-(3)). - No official fiscal note identified. Data unavailable. ## Proponents' View - Consumers need clear, comparable peak-period and “typical speed” data to make informed choices; this increases market transparency and competition (Preamble; Bill, new s. 24.2(2)(a)-(b), 24.2(3)(f)). - Standardized methods and representative sampling across regions reduce misleading claims and make offers comparable across providers and plans (Bill, new s. 24.2(3)(a)-(b)). - Public hearings ensure the framework reflects real-world use and regional differences, including rural and remote contexts (Bill, new s. 24.2(3)(a)-(c)). - Enforcement and monitoring help align advertised and delivered service, improving trust and reducing information gaps (Bill, new s. 24.2(3)(g)). - Flexibility to exclude certain carrier types or technologies prevents undue burden where measurement is not practical, while keeping focus on the largest impacts (Bill, new s. 24.2(3)(d)-(e)). ## Opponents' View - Compliance could raise costs for providers, especially smaller carriers, if measurement and reporting systems are complex or frequent. The bill does not cap scope or frequency (Bill, new s. 24.2(2)-(3)). - Time to benefit is uncertain. Consumers will not see new information until after CRTC hearings and rulemaking, with no timelines set in the bill (Bill, new s. 24.2(3)). - Risk of confusion if multiple metrics are required or if definitions of “peak periods” and “typical speeds” differ across regions or plan types (Bill, new s. 24.2(3)(a)-(c),(f)). - Uneven coverage is possible if some carrier types or transmission systems are excluded, reducing comparability for users in areas with limited provider choice (Bill, new s. 24.2(3)(d)-(e)). - Enforcement design is open-ended. Without clear, published penalties or remedies in the statute, effectiveness will depend on the CRTC’s future decisions (Bill, new s. 24.2(3)(g)).

Clearer Rules for Human Trafficking Exploitation

## Summary This bill changes how the Criminal Code defines “exploitation” for human trafficking crimes. It replaces the current test with a clearer list of actions that count as exploitation and repeals a related subsection. The changes apply to existing trafficking offences in sections 279.01 to 279.03 of the Code (Bill s.1). - Replaces the old “fear for safety” test with a “means-based” test focused on force, threats, coercion, deception, fraud, or abuse of trust, power, or authority (Bill s.1). - States that threats or coercion can relate to “any person,” not only the victim (Bill s.1). - Requires that the accused’s conduct caused the person to provide or offer labour or a service (Bill s.1). - Repeals subsection 279.04(2), which is no longer needed under the new definition (Bill s.2). - Does not change penalties in sections 279.01–279.03; it only changes the definition used to prove those crimes (Bill s.1). ## What it means for you - Households and victims - If someone makes you work or provide services using force, threats, coercion, deception, fraud, or abuse of trust, power, or authority, that is “exploitation” for trafficking, even if you did not say you feared for your safety (Bill s.1). - Threats to anyone (for example, a family member) can meet the definition, if they are used to make you work or provide services (Bill s.1). - Effective on Royal Assent, since the bill has no separate coming-into-force clause (Bill text). - Workers, including migrants and youth - Deceptive recruiting, fraud about job terms, or abuse of authority to make you work can meet the test for trafficking if it causes you to provide labour or services (Bill s.1). - The Crown would not need to prove you reasonably feared for your safety; it would need to prove the listed coercive means were used (Bill s.1). - Businesses and labour recruiters - Practices that involve deception about job conditions, threats (including to third parties), or abusing power over workers could trigger criminal liability for trafficking if they cause labour or services (Bill s.1). - Review recruiting and supervision practices to avoid conduct that could be seen as coercion, deception, or abuse of authority (Bill s.1). - Police, Crown, and courts - Investigations and prosecutions would focus on evidence of the listed means (force, threats, coercion, deception, fraud, abuse of trust/power/authority) and causation, rather than proving the victim’s fear for safety (Bill s.1). - The repeal of subsection 279.04(2) removes a separate “factors to consider” list, because those factors now appear in the core definition (Bill s.2). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - No direct appropriations or new programs in the bill text. It changes definitions in existing Criminal Code offences (Bill s.1–s.2). - Possible impacts on justice system workload (investigations, prosecutions, legal aid, courts): Data unavailable. - No official fiscal note identified: Data unavailable. ## Proponents' View - Clarifies and modernizes the definition of exploitation by listing concrete means—force, threats, coercion, deception, fraud, or abuse of trust, power, or authority—making it clearer what conduct is illegal (Bill s.1). - Removes the need to prove that a victim reasonably feared for their safety, which supporters say made cases harder to prosecute and placed a burden on victims (Bill s.1). - Confirms that threats or coercion aimed at “any person,” not just the victim, count toward exploitation, which captures common trafficking tactics like threats to family members (Bill s.1). - Keeps focus on causation: the accused’s conduct must cause the person to provide or offer labour or services, maintaining a clear link to trafficking activity (Bill s.1). - Repeals an overlapping subsection because the indicators it listed are now part of the definition, which may simplify jury instructions and court analysis (Bill s.2). ## Opponents' View - Argue that removing the “fear for safety” element could widen the offence and risk capturing severe labour disputes or misconduct that should be addressed by labour law, not criminal trafficking, depending on how courts apply the new test (Bill s.1). - Note that the phrase “any other similar act” is open-ended and may invite litigation over vagueness and the scope of the offence (Bill s.1). - Caution that “abuse of a position of trust, power or authority” is broad and could be unevenly applied without clear guidance, increasing enforcement discretion risks (Bill s.1). - Warn of potential increases in investigations and prosecutions without added resources, which could strain police, Crown, legal aid, and courts: Data unavailable. - Flag transitional risks as cases shift from a “fear-based” to a “means-based” standard, requiring training and updated practices to ensure consistent application (Bill s.1).

No GST/HST on Therapy and Counselling

## Summary This bill changes the federal Excise Tax Act to stop charging GST/HST on psychotherapy and mental health counselling services. It adds these services to the list of health services that are tax‑exempt and updates who counts as a “practitioner” (licensed professional) for this purpose. The change would start six months after royal assent (Coming into Force). - Removes GST/HST from psychotherapy and mental health counselling services when provided by licensed practitioners (Part II of Schedule V, s. 7(j.1)-(j.2); practitioner definition). - Extends the same tax treatment already given to psychological services to these two service types (Bill, Section 1; Schedule V). - Applies across Canada, including in HST provinces, because HST uses the federal GST base (Excise Tax Act framework). - Takes effect six months after the bill becomes law (Coming into Force). ## What it means for you - Households - If you pay out of pocket for psychotherapy or mental health counselling, the GST/HST line on your bill would be removed. Your savings equal the current GST or HST rate in your province (Bill, Part II of Schedule V, s. 7(j.1)-(j.2)). - The exemption applies only when the service is provided by a recognized practitioner under the Act (licensed or certified, per the updated “practitioner” definition) (Bill, Section 1). - Start date: six months after royal assent. Until then, current tax rules continue (Coming into Force). - Patients with insurance benefits - If your plan reimburses or pays providers directly, eligible claims would no longer include GST/HST on these services once in force. Your plan’s out‑of‑pocket share would reflect that change (Bill, Part II of Schedule V). - Providers (psychotherapists, mental health counsellors) - You would stop charging and collecting GST/HST on qualifying services once the change takes effect (Part II of Schedule V). - As with other exempt health services, you generally cannot claim GST/HST back on related business purchases (called input tax credits) for exempt supplies under existing GST/HST rules (Excise Tax Act, Schedule V framework). - You may need to update invoicing, point‑of‑sale systems, and engagement letters to reflect exempt status as of the in‑force date. - Other health professionals - Psychological services are already exempt; this bill adds psychotherapy and mental health counselling to the same list, reducing boundary issues when patients see different types of mental health providers (Bill, Section 1; Part II of Schedule V). - Governments - No change to provincial standalone sales taxes; the bill only amends the federal GST/HST law (Excise Tax Act scope). ## Expenses - Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - Key points - No official fiscal note was provided with the bill text. Data unavailable. - By creating a GST/HST exemption, the bill would reduce federal GST revenue and the HST revenue shared with participating provinces. The size depends on the volume and price of eligible services. Data unavailable. - No appropriations or new spending authorities are included; the impact is forgone tax revenue only (Bill text). ## Proponents' View - Lowers out‑of‑pocket costs for people seeking care by removing GST/HST from psychotherapy and mental health counselling (Part II of Schedule V, s. 7(j.1)-(j.2)). - Aligns tax treatment with other regulated health services, including psychological services already listed as exempt, improving consistency across mental health care (Bill, Section 1; Schedule V). - Could reduce a financial barrier at the point of care for those without public or private coverage (Preamble; Schedule V amendment). - Administrative simplicity for patients and providers: no tax to calculate or remit on these services, matching existing practice for other exempt health services (Schedule V framework). - Six‑month implementation window gives CRA and providers time to update systems and guidance (Coming into Force). ## Opponents' View - Reduces federal and HST‑sharing provincial tax revenues; no official estimate is provided, creating budget uncertainty (Expenses: Data unavailable). - Variation in provincial regulation of “psychotherapy” and “mental health counselling” could cause uneven application and compliance disputes about who is a qualifying practitioner (Bill, Section 1; practitioner definition relies on licensure/certification). - As an exempt supply, providers generally cannot claim input tax credits on related business inputs, which may raise their unrecoverable costs and could be passed through in prices (Excise Tax Act, Schedule V rules on exempt supplies). - Boundary and enforcement risks: mixed services (e.g., coaching vs counselling) may require classification, adding audit and documentation burdens for providers and CRA (Part II of Schedule V). - The tax change alone may not improve access if provider availability and wait times remain the main constraints (Preamble notes access issues but does not add supply‑side measures).

Clean Coasts Act

## Summary This bill, the Clean Coasts Act, amends two federal laws to reduce marine pollution and derelict vessels. It tightens the ban on dumping at sea under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA), and adds a new offence under the Wrecked, Abandoned or Hazardous Vessels Act (WAHVA) to stop owners from offloading vessels to buyers who cannot maintain or safely dispose of them. - Expands who can be held responsible for dumping at sea by adding liability for a “ship” and for those who “allow the disposal” of substances in Canadian waters (CEPA s.125(1) amendment). - Creates a new offence: vessel owners cannot transfer a vessel if they know, or are reckless about whether, the buyer lacks the ability, resources, or intent to prevent it from becoming wrecked, abandoned, or hazardous (WAHVA new s.34.1). - Adds the new offence to WAHVA’s penalties section, making it enforceable with existing fines and other sanctions (WAHVA s.90(1)(a) amendment). - Applies in waters under Canadian jurisdiction listed in CEPA s.122(2)(a)-(e) (e.g., internal waters, territorial sea, exclusive economic zone) (CEPA s.125(1) amendment). ## What it means for you - Households (recreational boat owners and sellers) - If you sell a boat, you must not transfer it to someone who lacks the ability, resources, or intent to maintain, operate, or dispose of it safely; doing so becomes an offence if you know this or are reckless about it (WAHVA new s.34.1). - Practical implication: sellers may need to do basic due diligence (e.g., proof of moorage, insurance, competency) to avoid being “reckless.” The bill does not define specific documents (WAHVA new s.34.1). - Effective date: on Royal Assent, since the bill contains no delayed coming-into-force clause. Data unavailable on the exact date. - Workers (masters and crews of vessels) - “No person or ship shall dispose or allow the disposal” of substances in Canadian waters unless authorized; this broadens who can be held liable for dumping (CEPA s.125(1) amendment). - Practical implication: shipboard policies may need updates to ensure no unauthorized disposal occurs, including waste handled by contractors. - Businesses (commercial shipowners, marine brokers, lenders, marinas) - Increased liability risk for unauthorized dumping at sea, including for a ship that “allows” disposal; owners and operators may need stronger controls and recordkeeping (CEPA s.125(1) amendment). - Brokers and lenders may face higher due diligence expectations when arranging transfers, especially for older or end‑of‑life vessels, to avoid facilitating prohibited transfers (WAHVA new s.34.1). - Marinas and storage yards may see more inquiries about lawful end‑of‑life disposal options. Data unavailable on capacity impacts. - Local governments and coastal communities - Potential reduction in derelict and abandoned vessels if risky transfers decline (WAHVA new s.34.1). - Possible decrease in local cleanup requests or costs, but the bill provides no funding. Data unavailable on net fiscal impact. - Service users (fishers, recreational users) - Potential for cleaner waters and fewer hazards from derelict vessels and illegal dumping. Magnitude of change depends on enforcement and compliance. Data unavailable. ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - No explicit appropriations or new fees in the bill text. Enforcement would use existing CEPA and WAHVA frameworks (Bill text; CEPA s.125(1) amendment; WAHVA new s.34.1; WAHVA s.90(1)(a) amendment). - Administrative and enforcement costs for Environment and Climate Change Canada and Transport Canada: Data unavailable. - Potential fine revenue from new or expanded offences: Data unavailable. - No official fiscal note identified: Data unavailable. ## Proponents' View - Closes a loophole that allowed owners to “dump by sale” by transferring problem vessels to buyers who cannot care for them, reducing abandoned and hazardous vessels (WAHVA new s.34.1). - Strengthens deterrence against marine dumping by making both persons and ships liable for disposing or allowing disposal at sea, improving accountability on board (CEPA s.125(1) amendment). - Uses existing enforcement structures and penalty provisions, limiting the need for new spending (WAHVA s.90(1)(a) amendment). - Protects sensitive marine areas under Canadian jurisdiction, supporting cleaner coasts and safer navigation (CEPA s.125(1) with reference to s.122(2)(a)-(e)). - May lower public cleanup burdens over time by preventing new derelict vessels; exact savings are not quantified (Data unavailable). ## Opponents' View - Creates uncertainty for private sellers: terms like “reckless” and assessing a buyer’s “ability, resources or intent” are not defined, raising risk of disputes and uneven enforcement (WAHVA new s.34.1). - Imposes due diligence costs on small boat owners and brokers, who may need to verify buyer capability without clear statutory guidelines (WAHVA new s.34.1). - Expands liability for shipowners and operators by penalizing those who “allow” disposal, potentially capturing actions by crew or contractors and increasing insurance and compliance costs (CEPA s.125(1) amendment; Data unavailable on costs). - Without added funding or guidance, enforcement capacity may not match the broader offences, limiting effectiveness and creating inconsistency across regions (Data unavailable). - The bill does not specify penalty levels in the amendments; stakeholders may find it hard to assess risk without accessible penalty guidance, even though s.90 applies (WAHVA s.90(1)(a) amendment; Data unavailable on penalty amounts).

Strengthening Canada's Immigration System and Borders Act

## Summary This bill is a broad public safety and immigration package. It aims to tighten border controls, speed up action against illegal drugs and money laundering, change parts of the asylum system, and update how agencies share information. - Requires airports, ports, bridges, and similar sites to give the border agency free space and access to inspect exports. - Lets Health add drug precursors (chemicals used to make illegal drugs) quickly and confirms police can be exempt from some drug‑crime rules during lawful undercover work. - Moves the Canadian Coast Guard to the Defence Minister and adds security and intelligence roles. - Expands information‑sharing by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) with other governments under written safeguards. - Changes asylum rules (ends the “safe country” list, adds new ineligibility rules, tighter timelines, and allows cases to be paused if the person is outside Canada). - Gives the federal cabinet power to pause, suspend, or end processing of certain immigration applications and to suspend or vary visas and permits in the public interest, with reports to Parliament. - Strengthens anti‑money‑laundering law with higher fines, mandatory compliance agreements and orders, and enrollment of more businesses with FINTRAC (the federal financial intelligence unit). - Updates the Sex Offender Registry to add reporting duties and allow CBSA to share border‑crossing data with police. ## What it means for you - Exporters, carriers, and port/airport operators - Border officers get more access to goods, warehouses, and export areas. Expect more inspections and the need to open packages on request. - Owners of international bridges, tunnels, railways, airports, wharves, and docks must provide CBSA facilities free of charge. - People seeking asylum in Canada - The old “designated countries of origin” system ends. - New ineligibility rules: if you entered after June 24, 2020 and wait more than one year to claim asylum, your claim can be ruled ineligible (with possible exceptions set by regulation). If you crossed the U.S.–Canada land border between official ports and miss the set time limit to claim, you can be ruled ineligible. - If you leave Canada while your claim or appeal is pending, it will be paused; if you voluntarily return to the country you fled before a decision, your claim or appeal is deemed abandoned. - You must give documents and information within set deadlines or risk your claim being deemed abandoned before it is even referred to the Refugee Board. - Immigrants, students, and temporary workers - The federal cabinet can, for public‑interest reasons (e.g., fraud, public health or security), order pauses on accepting certain applications, suspend or end processing of pending applications, or suspend/vary documents and impose conditions. Fees can be repaid without interest if processing is ended. - Officers can require you to answer questions and appear for an examination, including while outside Canada, to confirm you still meet visa or permit requirements. - Families and communities - The Coast Guard shifts under the Defence Minister and is given clearer security and intelligence roles. Expect closer coordination on marine security along with continued search‑and‑rescue and icebreaking. - The Sex Offender Registry adds details and deadlines (like reporting changes to vehicles) and allows CBSA to share travel in/out of Canada with law enforcement to help prevent and investigate sexual offences. - Businesses that handle money or value (banks, fintechs, money services, casinos, real estate, dealers in virtual currency, and others listed in law) - You may have to enroll with FINTRAC (even if not previously registered), keep risk‑based compliance programs, and meet stricter recordkeeping and reporting. - Penalties rise sharply, including potential fines tied to a percentage of global revenue. After a violation, you must enter a compliance agreement; ignoring a compliance order carries even higher penalties. - FINTRAC can share certain intelligence with the Commissioner of Canada Elections. - Police and public safety - Undercover officers, when acting lawfully under designated rules, can be exempted from “inchoate” drug offences (like conspiracy) during investigations. - Monthly public reports will show how many removal orders were enforced and reasons for delays. - Privacy and data sharing - IRCC can share personal information within the department and with other federal and provincial bodies under written agreements that set limits and purposes. Provinces cannot pass that info to foreign entities without the federal minister’s consent and safeguards. ## Expenses No publicly available information. ## Proponents' View - Strengthens border security by giving CBSA better access to export goods and facilities, helping stop guns, drugs, and other contraband from leaving or entering Canada. - Speeds action against illegal drugs by quickly controlling new precursors used to make substances like fentanyl, and by clarifying police powers for undercover operations. - Improves the asylum system by ending the “safe country” list, setting clearer deadlines, and reducing backlogs through abandonment/withdrawal rules and monthly removal reporting. - Gives government tools to quickly respond to fraud, surges, or health/security risks by pausing or adjusting immigration streams, while reporting these actions to Parliament. - Cracks down on money laundering and terrorist financing with higher penalties, mandatory compliance steps, and wider coverage of businesses, protecting Canada’s financial system. - Enhances safety through better sharing of sex offender travel data and more complete registry information to help prevent sexual crimes. - Moves the Coast Guard under Defence to better coordinate marine security while keeping essential services like search and rescue. ## Opponents' View - Grants broad executive power to pause, suspend, or end immigration processing and to suspend or vary visas, which critics say could harm fairness for applicants and create uncertainty for families and employers. - Adds new asylum ineligibility rules (late claims and irregular border entries beyond a time limit) that may bar people with real protection needs who face barriers to filing quickly. - Expands information‑sharing by IRCC and CBSA, raising privacy concerns about how personal data is used, stored, and shared across governments. - Increases inspections and obligations at export sites and warehouses, which could slow trade and add costs for exporters and operators. - Significantly raises compliance costs and legal risks for banks, fintechs, real estate, and other businesses; small firms may struggle with the burden and higher penalties. - Police exemptions during drug investigations and moving the Coast Guard under Defence may be seen as expanding security powers in ways that could affect civil liberties or “militarize” some services.

An Act to amend the Canadian Multiculturalism Act (non-application in Quebec)

## Summary This bill would amend the Canadian Multiculturalism Act so it does not apply in Quebec. The preamble states that Quebecers form a nation and have the tools to define their identity and protect shared values like the French language, state secularism, and gender equality (Preamble). The operative clause adds a one-line exemption: “This Act does not apply in Quebec” (Bill, after s.2). - Federal multiculturalism policy and duties would no longer apply “in Quebec” (Bill, after s.2). - Federal institutions operating in Quebec would not be bound by the Act’s requirements in Quebec; no change elsewhere in Canada (Bill, after s.2). - Community groups in Quebec that rely on federal multiculturalism authorities may see program rules or funding authority change; details are not in the bill (Data unavailable). - The bill does not change other federal laws, the Charter, or Quebec laws; it only amends the Canadian Multiculturalism Act (Bill, title and clause). - Would take effect when it becomes law (no delayed coming-into-force clause in the bill). ## What it means for you - Households in Quebec: - Federal services delivered in Quebec would no longer follow the Canadian Multiculturalism Act’s policy framework in Quebec once in force (Bill, after s.2). - Other rights and laws remain unchanged because the bill only amends the Canadian Multiculturalism Act (Bill, title and clause). - Community and cultural organizations in Quebec: - Federal multiculturalism program activities that rely on the Act as legal authority may be changed, replaced, or ended in Quebec after the bill takes effect. The bill does not specify which programs or timelines (Data unavailable; Bill, after s.2). - You may need to rely more on Quebec programs or other federal authorities if departments shift their legal basis for grants or services (Data unavailable). - Federal employees and institutions in Quebec: - You would no longer have statutory duties under the Canadian Multiculturalism Act for activities “in Quebec,” such as implementing the federal multiculturalism policy framework there (Bill, after s.2; Canadian Multiculturalism Act, R.S.C., 1985, c. 24 (4th Supp.), policy and implementation provisions). - Internal policies, training, outreach, and reporting tied to the Act may be revised for Quebec operations. The bill gives no transition rules or guidance (Data unavailable). - Quebec provincial government: - The exemption would remove the federal multiculturalism statute from applying in Quebec, aligning with the preamble’s view that Quebec defines its own approach to language and secularism (Preamble; Bill, after s.2). - Any federal–provincial collaboration on diversity or integration would need bases other than the Canadian Multiculturalism Act in Quebec (Data unavailable). - Residents outside Quebec: - No change. The Canadian Multiculturalism Act would continue to apply in all other provinces and territories (Bill, after s.2). - Timing: - Effect starts on Royal Assent, since the bill has no delayed coming-into-force clause (Bill, text contains no such clause). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - The bill contains no appropriations, new taxes, or fees; it is a one-line exemption (Bill, after s.2). - No federal fiscal note identified. Potential changes to federal multiculturalism spending in Quebec are not specified (Data unavailable). - Administrative adjustments for federal institutions operating in Quebec are possible; no estimates provided (Data unavailable). ## Proponents' View - Respects Quebec’s nation status and its capacity to define identity, protect French, uphold state secularism, and ensure gender equality, without a federal multiculturalism statute applying in Quebec (Preamble). - Avoids policy overlap by removing the federal multiculturalism framework “in Quebec,” letting Quebec’s own frameworks lead there (Bill, after s.2). - Clarifies that federal institutions need not implement the Canadian Multiculturalism Act in Quebec, reducing duplication with Quebec’s policy model (Bill, after s.2). - Keeps the Act fully in force elsewhere, preserving the existing federal approach in other provinces and territories (Bill, after s.2). ## Opponents' View - Could reduce or end federal multiculturalism-driven supports in Quebec by removing the Act’s framework there, affecting community groups and newcomers that relied on it (Bill, after s.2; impact scale: Data unavailable). - Creates uneven federal obligations across Canada, which may lead to inconsistent service standards and confusion for clients and staff when programs operate both inside and outside Quebec (Bill, after s.2). - Provides no transition plan or guidance for ongoing grants, reporting, or outreach, raising implementation risks for federal departments and funded organizations (Bill is silent on transition). - May weaken federal capacity to promote and report on multiculturalism outcomes in Quebec because statutory duties would no longer apply there (Canadian Multiculturalism Act, R.S.C., 1985, c. 24 (4th Supp.), policy and implementation provisions; Bill, after s.2).

Farm carbon charge exemptions for 8 years

## Summary Bill C-234 changes the Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act to expand the on-farm fuel charge exemption. It adds marketable natural gas and propane to “qualifying farming fuel” and broadens what counts as “eligible farming machinery,” including equipment for heating or cooling barns/greenhouses and grain dryers. These expansions last for 8 years, unless Parliament postpones the end date (Coming into Force s.1–4). - Extends the farm fuel-charge exemption to marketable natural gas and propane for 8 years (Bill s.4; Coming into Force s.1). - Treats heating/cooling equipment for livestock housing and crop-growing buildings as eligible farming machinery (Bill s.1(1)). - Explicitly includes grain dryers as eligible during the 8-year period (Bill s.2). - After 8 years, the added provisions are repealed unless both Houses vote to postpone; postponements can be repeated (Coming into Force s.1–4). - No direct changes for non-farm uses of these fuels. ## What it means for you - Households - No direct change to home heating bills. The exemption applies only to on-farm uses in eligible machinery (Bill s.1(1), s.2, s.4). - Farmers - You would not pay the federal fuel charge (carbon price on fuels) on marketable natural gas (pipeline‑quality gas) and propane used in eligible farming machinery for 8 years after the Act takes effect (Bill s.4; Coming into Force s.1). - Eligible machinery includes equipment used to heat or cool buildings used to raise or house livestock or to grow crops, and includes grain dryers during the 8-year period (Bill s.1(1), s.2). - After 8 years, these added inclusions and the exemption for natural gas and propane end unless Parliament postpones the change by resolution of both Houses (Bill s.1(1.1), s.2.1, s.5; Coming into Force s.1–4). - Gasoline and light fuel oil remain qualifying farming fuels; this bill does not change that (Bill s.4–5). - Fuel suppliers and distributors - Sales of marketable natural gas and propane for eligible on-farm uses would be exempt from the federal fuel charge for 8 years once the Act comes into force (Bill s.4; Coming into Force s.1). - After 8 years, absent a parliamentary postponement, these sales return to being subject to the fuel charge (Bill s.5; Coming into Force s.1). - Local governments - No direct change. The bill targets on-farm fuel use definitions and exemptions (Bill s.1–5). ## Expenses - Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - Key points - The bill reduces federal fuel charge revenues by exempting marketable natural gas and propane used in eligible farming machinery for 8 years (Bill s.4; Coming into Force s.1). - After 8 years, revenues would rise relative to the 8‑year period if the exemption ends as scheduled; Parliament may postpone the end date (Coming into Force s.1–4). - No official fiscal note identified as of October 20, 2025. Data unavailable. ## Proponents' View - Reduces farm operating costs for grain drying and barn/greenhouse heating by removing the federal fuel charge from marketable natural gas and propane for 8 years (Bill s.1(1), s.2, s.4; Coming into Force s.1). - Targets core farm activities by limiting eligible machinery to equipment used to raise or house livestock or grow crops, and by naming grain dryers (Bill s.1(1), s.2). - Time-limited design provides temporary relief while cleaner technologies scale; Parliament can reassess and postpone the end date if needed (Coming into Force s.1–4). - Leaves non-farm uses unchanged, keeping the broader carbon pricing system intact for households and most businesses (Bill s.1–5). ## Opponents' View - Weakens the carbon price signal for a significant farm fuel use category for at least 8 years, which may slow fuel switching or efficiency upgrades (Bill s.4; Coming into Force s.1). - Lowers federal fuel charge revenues from farm natural gas and propane, requiring adjustments elsewhere in the system or smaller proceeds from these sources (Bill s.4; Coming into Force s.1). Data unavailable. - Creates uneven treatment across sectors, since other commercial users of natural gas and propane continue to pay the fuel charge (Bill s.4–5). - Adds compliance and enforcement complexity, since authorities and suppliers must verify that exempt fuels are used in eligible machinery and buildings for qualifying farm purposes; the bill relies on existing Act mechanisms and does not add new enforcement detail (Bill s.1–5).

New human rights law tightens sanctions, media

## Summary This bill, the International Human Rights Act (Bill C-281), changes four federal laws to increase transparency on human rights, tighten sanctions follow-up, limit broadcast licences linked to certain foreign actors, and restrict investments tied to cluster munitions. It focuses on public reporting, accountability to Parliament, and closing finance and media access gaps. - Requires an annual public report by the Minister of Foreign Affairs on Canada’s international human rights actions, including a list of “prisoners of conscience” Canada is working to free (DFATD Act s.10(4)-(6)). - Requires the Minister to publicly respond when a parliamentary committee recommends Magnitsky sanctions on a foreign national (Magnitsky Law — new response section). - Bars the CRTC from issuing or renewing broadcast licences for undertakings vulnerable to significant influence by foreign actors recognized by Parliament as having committed genocide or under Magnitsky/Special Economic Measures sanctions (Broadcasting Act s.22(1.1)). - Prohibits providing loans or holding investments in entities involved with cluster munitions, with a 1-year grace period for pre-existing holdings (Prohibiting Cluster Munitions Act s.4; s.6(d.1); Transitional Provision). ## What it means for you - Households and investors - New ban on investing in, or lending to, entities known to be involved with cluster munitions; existing holdings or loans made before the in-force date have a 1-year grace period to adjust (Prohibiting Cluster Munitions Act s.6(d.1); Transitional Provision). - Mutual funds, pensions, and ETFs may adjust portfolios to comply, which could change fund composition and screening. Data unavailable on impacts to returns or fees. - Broadcasters and distributors - No new or renewed CRTC licence if the undertaking is vulnerable to significant influence by a foreign national/entity recognized by Parliament as having committed genocide or subject to Magnitsky or Special Economic Measures sanctions, including distributors of foreign programming (Broadcasting Act s.22(1.1)). - Licence applicants may face added due diligence to show independence from such foreign influence (Broadcasting Act s.22(1.1)). - Viewers and listeners - Some channels or services linked to sanctioned or genocidal actors may be denied licences or renewals, reducing availability in Canada (Broadcasting Act s.22(1.1)). - Civil society and families of detainees - Annual report will list prisoners of conscience Canada is actively supporting, with names, detention details, and government actions, unless withholding is requested or needed for safety (DFATD Act s.10(4)(b), s.10(5)). - Government must describe its communications with families and consultations with civil society on human rights (DFATD Act s.10(4)(c)). - Parliament and advocacy groups - When a committee recommends Magnitsky sanctions, the Minister must state whether sanctions were made and explain why or why not; the response must be tabled and posted online within House/Senate timelines (Magnitsky Law — response, tabling, and posting provisions). - If Parliament is prorogued or dissolved, the response must still be posted online on time and tabled in the next session (Magnitsky Law — prorogation/dissolution clause). - Federal departments and regulators - Global Affairs Canada must produce a yearly human rights report and maintain web posting practices (DFATD Act s.10(4); Magnitsky Law posting clause). - CRTC must apply the new licensing bar tied to sanctioned/genocide-recognized foreign influence (Broadcasting Act s.22(1.1)). - Enforcement bodies must apply the new cluster munitions investment/loan prohibitions (Prohibiting Cluster Munitions Act s.6(d.1)). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - No direct appropriations are stated in the bill (Bill, all parts). - New administrative tasks: - Annual human rights report and web postings by Global Affairs Canada (DFATD Act s.10(4)-(6); Magnitsky Law posting clause). Data unavailable. - CRTC licensing reviews for foreign influence criteria (Broadcasting Act s.22(1.1)). Data unavailable. - Compliance and enforcement related to the new investment/loan prohibitions (Prohibiting Cluster Munitions Act s.6(d.1)). Data unavailable. ## Proponents' View - Improves transparency and accountability by requiring a public annual report on Canada’s human rights actions and detailed support for prisoners of conscience, including visits and trial monitoring (DFATD Act s.10(4)(a)-(b)). - Gives Parliament a clear trigger for executive response on Magnitsky sanctions recommendations, with deadlines and public posting, which can speed decisions and deter inaction (Magnitsky Law — response and posting provisions). - Limits access to Canada’s broadcasting system by foreign actors tied to genocide or under sanctions, reducing influence operations and protecting audiences (Broadcasting Act s.22(1.1)). - Closes financing gaps by banning loans and investments tied to cluster munitions producers or facilitators, aligning with obligations under Articles 5 and 6 of the Convention and reducing Canadian financial complicity (Prohibiting Cluster Munitions Act s.4; s.6(d.1)). - Balances transparency with safety by allowing the Minister to withhold names or details when requested by families or when safety is at risk (DFATD Act s.10(5)). ## Opponents' View - Risk of harm or stigma from publishing prisoner names and details, even with a safety carve-out; decisions to include or exclude information may be contested (DFATD Act s.10(4)(b), s.10(5)). - “Vulnerable to being significantly influenced” is not defined; the broad standard may be hard to apply, invite litigation, or chill lawful broadcasting relationships, possibly affecting content diversity (Broadcasting Act s.22(1.1)). - Potential impacts on freedom of expression and access to information if channels linked indirectly to sanctioned or genocide-recognized actors are denied licences, even when Canadian editorial controls exist (Broadcasting Act s.22(1.1)). - Compliance burden for financial institutions, pensions, and funds to identify and exit prohibited investments or loans; costs and sell-off timelines may be challenging, despite the 1-year grace period for pre-existing holdings (Prohibiting Cluster Munitions Act s.6(d.1); Transitional Provision). Data unavailable. - Administrative workload increases for Global Affairs Canada and the CRTC without dedicated funding in the bill; meeting reporting and posting timelines may strain resources (DFATD Act s.10(4); Magnitsky Law posting clause; Broadcasting Act s.22(1.1)). Data unavailable.

15-Week EI Benefit for Adoption and Surrogacy

## Summary This bill adds a new 15-week Employment Insurance (EI) “attachment benefit” for adoptive parents and parents of children conceived through surrogacy. It also extends job-protected parental leave under the Canada Labour Code for adoption cases to match the new EI weeks. The bill clarifies that surrogacy is treated like adoption for EI and federal labour leave purposes. - Creates a 15-week EI attachment benefit for adoption and surrogacy cases, on top of existing parental benefits (EI Act s. 22.1; s. 12(3)(a.1)). - Allows two parents to share these 15 weeks; each parent can claim up to 15 weeks, but combined total cannot exceed 15 (EI Act s. 22.1(7)-(8)). - Extends the benefit and leave windows if the child is hospitalized, up to set caps (EI Act s. 10(12); s. 22.1(3)-(4); Canada Labour Code s. 207.2(3)). - Offsets EI benefits if a province pays the parent for the same reason (EI Act s. 22.1(6); s. 152.041(7)). - Extends federal job-protected adoption leave to up to 80 weeks, with an 88-week family maximum when shared (Canada Labour Code s. 206.1(1), (3.1)). ## What it means for you - Households - Adoptive and intended (surrogacy) parents can receive up to 15 additional weeks of EI benefits to support bonding, on top of parental benefits. The benefit window runs from the week the child is placed and ends 52 weeks later, with possible extensions for hospitalization (EI Act s. 22.1(2)-(4)). - If two parents claim, they can divide the 15 weeks between them. If they cannot agree, prescribed rules will divide the weeks (EI Act s. 22.1(7)-(8)). - If a province pays you for the same reason, your EI benefit may be reduced or eliminated (EI Act s. 22.1(6); s. 152.041(7)). - Workers (federally regulated employees) - Adoption leave under the Canada Labour Code increases to up to 80 weeks; the leave must be taken within 80 weeks after the child comes into your care (Canada Labour Code s. 206.1(1), (2.01)). - For the same adoption, two employees can share leave up to a family total of 88 weeks; one employee cannot exceed 80 weeks (Canada Labour Code s. 206.1(3.1)). - Surrogacy is treated as adoption for leave purposes (Canada Labour Code s. 206.1(3.2)). - If your child is hospitalized and your employer refuses to interrupt leave as requested, your leave is extended by the hospitalization weeks (Canada Labour Code s. 207.2(3)). - Self-employed (who participate in EI special benefits) - A parallel 15-week attachment benefit is added for self-employed persons who are opted into EI special benefits, with the same timing rules, sharing rules with an employee parent, and provincial offset (EI Act s. 152.041; s. 152.05(14)-(15)). - Employers (federally regulated) - Must provide job-protected adoption leave up to 80 weeks and track aggregate limits when two employees share leave for the same child (Canada Labour Code s. 206.1(1), (3.1)). - Existing rules on deferring a claimant’s waiting period are updated to coordinate when two parents claim different EI special benefits for the same child (EI Act s. 23(5)-(6)). - Timing - Applies to EI benefit periods that start on or after Royal Assent, or that have not ended before Royal Assent, but only for weeks of benefits that begin on or after that day (Transitional Provision). - Does not change existing maternity or parental benefit rules for birth parents (no explicit amendments beyond coordination and references). ## Expenses - Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - Key points - No direct parliamentary appropriation in the bill; EI benefits are paid from the EI Operating Account funded by employer and employee premiums (structure unchanged). - EI will now pay up to 15 more weeks per adoption/surrogacy case, subject to offsets where provinces pay for the same reason (EI Act s. 22.1(6); s. 152.041(7)). - The Canada Labour Code leave change has no direct cash cost to the federal government but may affect employer staffing in federally regulated sectors (Canada Labour Code s. 206.1). - Fiscal notes or official costings: Data unavailable. ## Proponents' View - Improves parity: Adoptive and intended (surrogacy) parents would receive a 15-week benefit comparable to the 15 weeks of EI maternity benefits for birth mothers (EI Act s. 12(3)(a.1); s. 22.1). - Supports early bonding and stability: A defined 15-week period focused on attachment, with extensions if a child is hospitalized, reflects adoption/surrogacy complexities (EI Act s. 22.1(2)-(4); s. 10(12)). - Clear rules and coordination: Sharing caps, waiting-period coordination, and provincial offsets reduce double payment and clarify family planning of leave (EI Act s. 22.1(6)-(8); s. 23(5)-(6); s. 152.05(14)-(15)). - Inclusive of surrogacy: Explicitly recognizes surrogacy under provincial law, aligning EI and labour leave with modern family forms (EI Act s. 6(1.1); Canada Labour Code s. 206.1(3.2)). - Job protection: Extending adoption leave under the Canada Labour Code to 80 weeks gives federally regulated workers time to use the new EI benefit without risking their jobs (Canada Labour Code s. 206.1(1), (2.01), (3.1)). ## Opponents' View - Cost pressure on EI: Adding 15 weeks of benefits per adoption/surrogacy case could increase EI expenditures and, over time, contribute to higher EI premiums for workers and employers. No official cost estimate is provided in the bill (Data unavailable). - Administrative complexity: Verifying eligibility tied to provincial adoption/surrogacy laws and applying provincial offsets may slow claims and create uneven experiences across provinces (EI Act s. 6(1.1); s. 22.1(6)). - Uneven coverage by workplace: The extended job-protected leave applies only to federally regulated employers; most workers under provincial jurisdiction rely on provincial employment standards that this bill does not change (Canada Labour Code s. 206.1). - Narrow scope concerns: The benefit targets legal adoption and surrogacy placements; other caregivers (e.g., kinship or long-term foster placements without adoption) are not included, which may raise equity questions (EI Act s. 22.1(1)). - Employer impact: Longer potential absences in federally regulated sectors may increase scheduling and training costs, especially when two employees share extended adoption leave up to the 88-week family maximum (Canada Labour Code s. 206.1(3.1)).

March 11 recognized as Pandemic Observance Day

## Summary This bill designates March 11 of every year as “Pandemic Observance Day” across Canada. It is a commemorative day to remember those lost to COVID-19, recognize front-line workers, and reflect on the pandemic’s effects and preparedness for future pandemics (Preamble; Pandemic Observance Day section). The bill does not create a statutory holiday or require closures. - Designates March 11 as Pandemic Observance Day nationwide (Pandemic Observance Day section). - Recognizes the WHO’s March 11, 2020 pandemic declaration and Canada’s 2021 National Day of Observance (Preamble). - No changes to paid holidays, work schedules, or school calendars appear in the text. - No appropriations, fines, or mandates are included in the bill text. ## What it means for you - Households - March 11 becomes a named national observance. Daily life continues as normal unless your employer, school, or community chooses to mark the day. The bill does not require a day off (Pandemic Observance Day section). - Workers - No new statutory holiday or premium pay. The bill does not amend labour laws or require time off (bill text). - Businesses - No requirement to close, modify hours, or provide paid leave. Participation in observances is optional (bill text). - Schools and post-secondary institutions - No mandated closures or schedule changes in the bill. Any activities would be set by provinces, territories, or institutions (bill text). - Federal, provincial, and municipal governments - The day is officially recognized nationwide. The bill does not require programs or events, but it provides a fixed date for any voluntary commemorations (Pandemic Observance Day section). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - No direct spending, appropriations, or revenue changes appear in the bill text. - The bill adds a named observance only and includes no mandates that create paid leave or service changes (bill text). - Any costs for ceremonies, communications, or educational materials would be at the discretion of governments or organizations; Data unavailable. ## Proponents' View - Creates a clear, annual moment to commemorate losses and front-line efforts, aligning with March 11, 2020 (WHO declaration) and Canada’s 2021 National Day of Observance (Preamble). - Acknowledges unequal impacts on vulnerable and historically disadvantaged groups, which proponents argue supports ongoing equity-focused reflection (Preamble). - Establishes a simple, low-cost tool to promote public awareness and preparedness for future pandemics (Preamble; Pandemic Observance Day section). - Provides a consistent date that governments and communities can use to plan voluntary education and remembrance activities (Pandemic Observance Day section). ## Opponents' View - Symbolic only: does not fund preparedness, health services, or support for affected communities; therefore limited practical impact (bill text). - Risk of public confusion about whether March 11 is a paid holiday or requires closures, since the bill “designates” a day without changing labour laws (Pandemic Observance Day section; bill text). - Potential for diffuse, uncoordinated observances that dilute attention without measurable outcomes, since no implementation framework is included (bill text). - Opportunity cost: time and attention on a commemorative day could displace focus from policy measures with direct effects, such as surveillance, stockpiles, or workforce capacity (bill text).

Indigenous-Led National Reconciliation Council Created

## Summary This bill sets up a permanent, independent, Indigenous‑led not‑for‑profit called the National Council for Reconciliation. The Council will track and report on progress toward reconciliation, develop a national action plan, and educate the public. It also requires the federal government to share information, report each year on key indicators, and have the Prime Minister respond publicly. The Act takes effect on a date set by the Governor in Council (Coming into Force). - Creates an Indigenous‑led Council (not a government agency) to monitor, evaluate, and report on reconciliation (Purpose; Functions). - Requires a federal data‑sharing protocol within 6 months of incorporation; Council can seek a Federal Court order if the Minister does not comply (Protocol). - Sets annual reporting by the Minister on child welfare, education, health, safety, and justice gaps, and a Prime Minister response within 60 days (Report of Minister; Report of Council; Government response). - Directs the Council to develop a multi‑year National Action Plan, do research, advise governments, and run public education (Functions (c), (e), (f)). - Ensures the Council does not replace consultation with Indigenous rights holders and does not affect existing bilateral mechanisms (For greater certainty; Bilateral mechanisms). - Makes the Council a “qualified donee” (can issue tax receipts for donations under the Income Tax Act) and requires audited financial reporting (Qualified donee; Financial Report). ## What it means for you - Households - You will get public annual reports on the state of reconciliation and the Government of Canada’s plans to advance it (Report of Council; Government response). - You may see new public education on Indigenous histories and realities (Functions (c)(iii), (f)). - Donations to the Council will be eligible for tax receipts because it is a qualified donee (Qualified donee). - Indigenous peoples and communities - The Council is Indigenous‑led; at least 2/3 of directors must be Indigenous, with seats nominated by AFN, ITK, MNC, and NWAC, and at least 2 directors from the territories (Nominations; Indigenous persons; Residents of territories). - The Council must include diverse representation “to the extent possible,” including elders, survivors, youth, gender‑diverse persons, regions, and French‑speaking Indigenous persons (Representativeness). - Translation and interpretation services must be available to support Indigenous language rights in the Council’s work (Functions (i)). - The Council will not represent Indigenous governing bodies, and engagement with it does not discharge the duty to consult rights holders (For greater certainty). - Workers and businesses - No new legal duties are placed on private workers or businesses. The Council may encourage partnerships and dialogue on reconciliation in the private sector (Functions (g)), but participation is voluntary under this Act. - Federal government (ministries, agencies, Crown‑Indigenous Relations) - Within 6 months of incorporation, the Minister must create an information‑sharing protocol with the Council that lets it receive all information it judges relevant “to the extent possible” (Protocol). - Each year, by about September 30 (six months after March 31), the Minister must submit comparisons and progress data on child welfare, education funding, education and income outcomes, health indicators, youth custody, victimization, and overrepresentation in justice and corrections (Report of Minister (a)–(g)). - The Minister must table the Council’s annual report in Parliament; within 60 days, the Prime Minister must publish an annual report on the state of Indigenous peoples with plans for advancing reconciliation (Report of Council; Government response). - Provinces, territories, municipalities - The Council will monitor and report on reconciliation “across all levels of government,” but this Act does not impose reporting duties on provincial, territorial, or municipal governments (Functions (b); Definitions — governments). - Existing bilateral mechanisms between Canada and Indigenous governing bodies are not changed by this Act (Bilateral mechanisms). - Governance and transparency - The board has 9–13 directors; terms up to 4 years, max two terms; directors elected by special resolution of members; knowledge and experience on Indigenous matters required (Composition; Term of office; Election; Knowledge and experience). - The Council must publish audited comparative financial statements and details on its investments within 6 months after each financial year (Financial Report). ## Expenses - Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - Key points - No explicit appropriation in the bill (Data unavailable). - The Council is a qualified donee under the Income Tax Act, allowing it to receive tax‑receipted donations and eligible government grants under existing authorities (Qualified donee). - Federal departments must produce and share data under an information‑sharing protocol and prepare annual indicators reports; administrative costs are not estimated (Protocol; Report of Minister). - The Council must fund an annual audit and publish financials; costs borne by the Council (Financial Report). Item | Amount | Frequency | Source --- | --- | --- | --- Direct federal appropriation to Council | Data unavailable | N/A | Bill contains no appropriation Federal departmental reporting/admin costs | Data unavailable | Annual | Report of Minister; Protocol Council operating budget (donations/grants) | Data unavailable | Annual | Qualified donee; Financial Report ## Proponents' View - Creates an independent, Indigenous‑led body to track reconciliation across society and governments, addressing Truth and Reconciliation Commission Call to Action 53 (Preamble; Purpose; Functions). - Strengthens accountability with annual reporting by the Minister on key outcome gaps and a mandatory Prime Minister response within 60 days (Report of Minister; Government response). - Establishes a multi‑year National Action Plan, with research, policy development, and public education to drive practical change (Functions (c)). - Ensures work aligns with Indigenous rights and a rights‑based approach to self‑determination (Functions (b.1)). - Protects the duty to consult by stating engagement with the Council does not replace consultation with rights holders (For greater certainty (b)). - Builds transparency through required audited financial statements and public disclosure of investment activities (Financial Report). ## Opponents' View - No dedicated funding is set in the Act; reliance on donations or future agreements may limit capacity and stability (Qualified donee; no appropriation specified). - The Minister co‑selects the first board with the transitional committee, which could raise concerns about perceived independence at start‑up (First board of directors). - The Council’s powers are advisory and reporting‑based; the Prime Minister must respond with a report, but there is no obligation to implement recommendations (Report of Council; Government response). - The information‑sharing protocol requires “to the extent possible” access; its scope is undefined in the Act, which may lead to delays or disputes over data (Protocol (1)–(3)). - The Council must monitor progress “across all levels of government,” but the Act imposes no reporting duties on provinces or municipalities, which may create data gaps (Functions (b); Definitions — governments).

New Ojibway National Urban Park in Windsor

## Summary This bill amends the Canada National Parks Act to create the Ojibway National Urban Park of Canada in Windsor, Ontario. It adds seven mapped land parcels to Schedule 1 of the Act, which brings them under federal park protections and management. The bill does not include funding, land transfers, or governance details. - Establishes a new national urban park by listing seven parcels totaling about 323.4 hectares (Bill, Schedule 1, Part 5, paras (a)-(g)). - Brings the area under the Canada National Parks Act, which puts ecological integrity first in management (Canada National Parks Act, s.8(2)). - Triggers a requirement for a park management plan within 5 years, with public input and tabling in Parliament (Canada National Parks Act, s.11). - Does not authorize spending, set fees, or specify how current landholders transfer lands to the federal government (Bill text). - Identifies boundaries that reference Ojibway Shores and a shared boundary with Black Oak Heritage Park (Bill, Schedule 1, paras (a)-(b)). ## What it means for you - Households and visitors - The mapped lands become a federal park managed by Parks Canada. Park rules under the Act apply, such as protecting plants, wildlife, and natural features (Canada National Parks Act, s.4, s.8(2)). - A formal management plan must be developed within 5 years, with public consultation, which can shape trail access, programming, and permitted activities (Canada National Parks Act, s.11). - Local governments - Day-to-day land-use control for the park area shifts to Parks Canada once lands are under federal administration. Municipal bylaws no longer set uses inside park boundaries (Canada National Parks Act). - The bill does not address municipal servicing, road access, or payments in lieu of taxes. Data unavailable. - Businesses and developers - New industrial or resource-extraction uses inside the park would be prohibited under the Act’s conservation-first mandate (Canada National Parks Act, s.8(2)). - Any commercial services in the park (for example, concessions or tours) would require Parks Canada authorization. The bill itself does not create or guarantee such opportunities (Bill text). - Current landholders - The bill lists boundaries but does not set out how ownership or administration will transfer to the federal government, nor does it provide compensation terms. Separate agreements or processes would be needed (Bill, Schedule 1; Bill text). - Indigenous communities - The bill does not set co-governance or specific Indigenous rights provisions. Any recognition or harvesting arrangements would need to follow existing law and future park planning. Data unavailable. ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - No appropriation or spending authority is included in the bill (Bill text). - No official fiscal note identified. Data unavailable. - Operating and capital costs to manage the park would fall to Parks Canada once lands are under federal administration; the bill does not provide amounts. Data unavailable. - Any land acquisition or transfer costs are not specified in the bill. Data unavailable. ## Proponents' View - Provides durable, legislated protection by placing the area under the Canada National Parks Act, which makes ecological integrity the first management priority (Canada National Parks Act, s.8(2)). - Clearly defines seven parcels, about 323.4 hectares, including areas adjoining Ojibway Shores and Black Oak Heritage Park, creating a connected protected space in an urban setting (Bill, Schedule 1, paras (a)-(g)). - Requires a management plan within 5 years, tabled in Parliament, ensuring transparency and public input (Canada National Parks Act, s.11). - Advances public education and recreation purposes stated in the Act for the benefit and enjoyment of present and future generations (Canada National Parks Act, s.4). - Does not raise taxes or authorize new spending in the bill; funding decisions can be handled through the normal budget process (Bill text). ## Opponents' View - Commits to a new federal park without cost estimates for start-up, operations, or infrastructure in an urban setting (Bill text; Data unavailable). - Implementation risk: the bill does not address how lands will transfer to federal administration or how existing leases and uses will be handled, which could delay implementation (Bill text). - Potential constraints on future infrastructure or industrial projects within the mapped area due to the Act’s conservation-first mandate (Canada National Parks Act, s.8(2)). - Urban enforcement and maintenance could be complex; the bill does not outline staffing, policing, or coordination with municipal services. Data unavailable. - Governance gaps: the bill does not specify Indigenous co-management or municipal roles, leaving key decisions to later agreements and the park management plan (Bill text; Canada National Parks Act, s.11).

Canada tightens foreign investment security reviews

## Summary Bill C-34 updates the Investment Canada Act to tighten and speed up national security reviews of foreign investments. It adds a pre-closing notice and waiting period for certain deals, lets the Minister set interim conditions during a review, expands who can be reviewed (including some minority investments and state‑owned enterprises), raises penalties, and allows limited information sharing with allies. Most provisions take effect on dates set by Cabinet order (Coming into Force). - Requires some foreign investors to notify the government before closing and to wait while initial security checks run (s. 12(1)(a), 12(2)). - Lets the Minister impose interim conditions during a review to prevent harm (s. 25.3(1.1)). - Expands review to certain minority investments that grant access to sensitive assets or non‑public technical information, or special governance rights (s. 11(1)(c)). - Makes more state‑owned enterprise (SOE) deals reviewable even below normal thresholds (s. 15(2); s. 25.1(b.1)). - Raises penalties up to the greater of $500,000 and a prescribed amount for failing to pre‑notify, and up to the greater of $25,000/day and a prescribed amount for other breaches (s. 40(2)(d)). - Allows undertakings (binding promises) to mitigate risks, and protects sensitive information in any court review (s. 25.3(6)(c); s. 25.7). ## What it means for you - Households - No direct new obligations. Effects are indirect, through how the government screens foreign investments. Data on prices, wages, or service levels is unavailable. - Workers - If you work in sensitive sectors (to be prescribed by regulation), foreign acquisitions or investments may face pre‑closing notice, waiting periods, interim conditions, or blocks (s. 12(1)(a); s. 25.3(1), (1.1)). - Reviews must now consider impacts on intellectual property funded by the Government of Canada and the use and protection of Canadians’ personal information (s. 20(c), 20(e)). - Canadian businesses - If your business is in a prescribed sector, or a deal gives a non‑Canadian access to “material non‑public technical information” or “material assets,” and board/management nomination or special rights, the investor must pre‑notify and wait before closing (s. 11(1)(c); s. 12(1)(a), 12(2)). Definitions of “material assets” and “material non‑public technical information” will be set by regulation (s. 11(2)). - During review, you may face interim conditions (for example, limits on data access) until the review ends (s. 25.3(1.1)). - You and the investor can offer undertakings to mitigate national security risks; the Minister can approve the deal based on those undertakings and can later adjust or release them (s. 25.3(6)(c); s. 25.31). - You may be required to provide information to the Minister during a review (s. 25.11; s. 25.12; s. 25.5). - Non‑Canadian investors (including funds) - Pre‑closing notice and a standstill are required for certain investments; closing before the waiting periods expire is prohibited (s. 12(1)(a), 12(2); s. 25.2(1); s. 25.3(1)). - Certain minority investments are now in scope if they grant governance rights or access to sensitive assets or non‑public technical information (s. 11(1)(c)). - SOE deals face broader review, including asset acquisitions, even below normal review thresholds (s. 15(2); s. 25.1(b.1)). - A prior conviction for an act of corruption, inside or outside Canada, by itself gives the Minister reasonable grounds to issue an initial notice (s. 25.2(1.1)). - Penalties for non‑compliance are higher, including up to the greater of $500,000 and a prescribed amount for failing to pre‑notify, and up to the greater of $25,000/day and a prescribed amount for other breaches (s. 40(2)(d)). - Sensitive information can be protected in any judicial review; the court may consider evidence not fully disclosed to you, but must provide a summary that reasonably informs you of the case (s. 25.7). - Provinces and local governments - In “net benefit” reviews, compatibility with provincial policy objectives remains a factor, now with explicit references to personal information protection and federally funded IP (s. 20(c), 20(e)). No new direct mandates. ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - No explicit appropriation is in the bill. Administration and enforcement costs for the federal government are not stated. Data unavailable. - The bill adjusts penalties and enforcement tools (potential revenues depend on future enforcement). Key monetary changes: Item | Amount | Frequency | Source --- | --- | --- | --- Maximum penalty for failure to pre‑notify or file in prescribed cases | Up to the greater of CAD $500,000 (CAD) and any prescribed amount | Per violation (court‑ordered) | s. 40(2)(d)(i) Maximum penalty for other contraventions (e.g., breach of orders/undertakings) | Up to the greater of CAD $25,000 (CAD) and any prescribed amount | Per day of contravention (court‑ordered) | s. 40(2)(d)(ii), s. 40(2.1) ## Proponents' View - Modernizes screening to capture sensitive minority investments that grant access to critical assets or non‑public technical information, closing known gaps (s. 11(1)(c); s. 11(2)). - Reduces risk between signing and closing by requiring pre‑closing notice and a standstill for higher‑risk deals, allowing issues to be addressed before harm occurs (s. 12(1)(a), 12(2); s. 25.2, 25.3). - Interim conditions prevent injury during reviews (for example, limiting data or facility access) and are quicker to deploy (s. 25.3(1.1)). - Undertakings create a flexible path to mitigate risks while allowing beneficial investment to proceed; the Minister can accept, adjust, or release undertakings as circumstances change (s. 25.3(6)(c); s. 25.31). - Stronger enforcement and clearer court procedures improve compliance and protect sensitive information, while ensuring the investor receives a summary of the case (s. 40(2)(d); s. 25.7). - Better coordination with allies through limited information sharing with foreign investment review agencies enhances cross‑border security screening (s. 36(3.1)(c)). - Explicit attention to federally funded IP and Canadians’ personal information strengthens protection of key assets and data (s. 20(c), 20(e)). Assumptions to note: That pre‑notification and interim conditions will be applied proportionally and will not deter benign investment. Data on deterrence effects is unavailable. ## Opponents' View - Regulatory uncertainty: key terms like “material assets” and “material non‑public technical information” will be defined later by regulation, leaving businesses unsure what triggers pre‑notice and review (s. 11(2)). - Broader discretion and limited appeal: ministerial and Governor in Council decisions are final except for judicial review, which can rely on evidence not fully disclosed to the investor, reducing transparency (s. 25.6; s. 25.7). - Transaction delays and costs: pre‑closing notice, standstills, and interim conditions can slow deals, complicate financing, and increase legal/compliance costs, especially in fast‑moving sectors (s. 12(2); s. 25.3(1.1)). Quantified impacts unavailable. - Chilling effect on investment by SOEs and minority investors: more SOE and minority deals are reviewable or notifiable, even for asset purchases, which could reduce capital inflows in targeted sectors (s. 15(2); s. 25.1(b.1); s. 11(1)(c)). Evidence on magnitude is unavailable. - Information sharing and confidentiality risks: allowing disclosure of otherwise privileged information to foreign states may raise confidentiality concerns despite terms and conditions (s. 36(3.1)(c)). - High penalties and open‑ended review start (“when it comes to the Minister’s attention”) may increase risk for routine transactions and create uncertainty about timing (s. 40(2)(d); s. 25.11). Assumptions to note: That broader scope and stronger penalties will materially deter investment; the bill does not provide empirical estimates. Data unavailable.

Canada Commits to National Child Care System

## Summary This bill sets out the federal government’s plan for a Canada‑wide early learning and child care system. It commits to long‑term federal funding for provinces and Indigenous peoples, sets guiding principles, creates a National Advisory Council, and requires annual public reporting (Purpose; Funding commitments; National Advisory Council — Establishment; Annual Report). - Commits to maintain long‑term federal funding for child care, delivered mainly through agreements with provinces and Indigenous entities (Funding commitments; Funding agreements). - Sets principles: access, affordability, inclusion, and quality, with emphasis on public and non‑profit providers and a supported workforce (Funding — Guiding principles (1)). - Affirms Indigenous rights and adds principles specific to Indigenous early learning and care (Rights of Indigenous peoples; Other guiding principles — Indigenous peoples). - Requires the Minister to table a yearly report on funding and progress (Annual Report — Report; Tabling). - Creates a National Advisory Council of 10–18 members to advise the Minister and consult widely (National Advisory Council — Establishment; Functions; Meetings). ## What it means for you - Households - You may see continued federal support for lower child care fees and more spaces, because the Act commits to long‑term funding via provincial and Indigenous agreements. The Act itself does not set fees or guarantee a space (Funding commitments; Funding agreements). - Annual federal reports will summarize progress on quality, availability, affordability, accessibility, and inclusion, which lets parents track system performance (Annual Report — Report). - Early childhood educators and staff - The Act highlights recruitment and retention of a qualified, well‑supported workforce as part of “high quality” care, but it does not set wage floors or training rules. Any changes would flow through provincial or Indigenous agreements (Funding — Guiding principles (1)(d); Funding agreements). - Child care providers - Public and non‑profit providers are identified “in particular” for support under federal investments. For‑profit providers are not barred, but the principle may influence funding choices in agreements (Funding — Guiding principles (1)(a)). - Providers serving children with disabilities, Indigenous children, or official language minority communities are prioritized under inclusion and language commitments (Funding — Guiding principles (1)(c); Commitments re Official Languages Act (3)). - Provinces and territories - You continue to lead program design and standards. Federal funding is delivered “primarily through agreements” that reflect the Act’s principles (Funding agreements; Funding — Guiding principles (1)). - You can expect annual federal reporting and advice from the National Advisory Council, which may inform future agreements (Annual Report; National Advisory Council — Functions). - Indigenous governments and organizations - Federal investments must follow the co‑developed Indigenous Early Learning and Child Care Framework and uphold rights under section 35 and free, prior, and informed consent in matters relating to children (Other guiding principles — Indigenous peoples; Rights of Indigenous peoples; Declaration (e)). - Funding is delivered through agreements with Indigenous governing bodies or entities that represent an Indigenous group (Funding agreements). - Official language minority communities - Federal investments under provincial agreements must be guided by the Official Languages Act commitments, which can support services in minority languages (Commitments re Official Languages Act (3)). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - The Act contains no specific dollar appropriations, tax changes, or fee schedules. It commits to maintaining long‑term funding but does not set amounts; funding flows through separate intergovernmental agreements and budgets (Funding commitments; Funding agreements). - National Advisory Council: - 10–18 members; Chair may be full‑time or part‑time; other members are part‑time (National Advisory Council — Establishment; Appointment; Full‑time or part‑time membership). - Members are paid remuneration set by the Governor in Council and reimbursed for travel and living expenses. Exact amounts are not stated (Remuneration; Travel and living expenses). - Meets at least 4 times per fiscal year unless the Minister specifies otherwise (Meetings). - Annual reporting and administration will have costs, but the Act provides no figures (Annual Report — Report). - Data unavailable. ## Proponents' View - It makes the federal role durable by stating a commitment to long‑term funding for a Canada‑wide system, giving provinces and Indigenous partners more predictability (Funding commitments; Funding agreements). - The principles steer money toward access, affordability, inclusion, and quality, including rural and remote communities and children with disabilities (Funding — Guiding principles (1)(a)-(c)). - It supports a qualified and stable workforce by naming recruitment and retention as key to quality, which can guide future agreements and investments (Funding — Guiding principles (1)(d)). - It upholds Indigenous rights and applies an Indigenous‑led framework to investments, aligning with free, prior, and informed consent (Rights of Indigenous peoples; Other guiding principles — Indigenous peoples; Declaration (e)). - It improves accountability through a public annual report and an advisory council that consults parents, educators, providers, and experts (Annual Report — Report; National Advisory Council — Functions). - It respects provincial leadership by using funding agreements rather than federal program rules, reducing the risk of one‑size‑fits‑all mandates (Funding agreements). ## Opponents' View - It does not create an individual entitlement to a child care spot or cap fees. Access, staffing, wages, and fees still depend on separate agreements and provincial or Indigenous policies (Purpose; Funding agreements). - The funding “commitment” has no dollar amounts or timelines, and future Parliaments control appropriations. The promise may be symbolic without binding fiscal obligations (Funding commitments). - Emphasizing public and non‑profit providers could disadvantage for‑profit centres and limit supply growth in some areas (Funding — Guiding principles (1)(a)). - Transparency may be limited because the annual report covers information “in the Minister’s possession” and “within the Minister’s authority to disclose,” which may leave gaps (Annual Report — Report; Sharing of information). - The Advisory Council adds administrative costs and meetings, but the Act gives no performance targets or cost caps, making efficiency uncertain (National Advisory Council — Establishment; Remuneration; Meetings). - Federal involvement in an area of provincial responsibility could lead to jurisdictional disputes or uneven implementation through negotiated agreements (Declaration (d); Funding agreements).

Gun Crackdown and Nuclear Security Powers

## Summary This bill changes Canada’s Criminal Code, Firearms Act, Nuclear Safety and Control Act, and Immigration and Refugee Protection Act. It raises penalties for key gun crimes, creates new emergency orders to remove guns in risky situations, restricts handgun transfers to most individuals, and targets “ghost guns” and 3D-printed firearms. It also sets new rules for nuclear site security and adds a new inadmissibility ground for certain border crimes. - Raises maximum sentences for several firearms offences to 14 years (Criminal Code ss. 95, 96, 99, 100, 103). - Lets anyone apply for a 30-day emergency prohibition order to remove guns from a person who poses a safety risk; longer orders can follow a hearing (Criminal Code s. 110.1; s. 111). - Treats unlawfully made guns as prohibited and creates offences for 3D gun files and altering magazines (Criminal Code s. 84(1) “prohibited firearm”; s. 102.1; s. 104.1). - Stops new handgun registration certificates for individuals, with limited exemptions (Firearms Act s. 12.2; s. 97.1). - Tightens import, transfer, and advertising rules for firearms, magazines, and parts (Firearms Act ss. 25, 25.1, 27, 32, 36–38, “Advertising” offence). - Allows nuclear sites to field trained, armed security with limited peace officer powers (Nuclear Safety and Control Act ss. 27.1–27.4). ## What it means for you - Households and individuals - You can seek a fast, 30-day court order to prohibit someone from having guns if you believe there is a safety risk; judges can keep your information private (Criminal Code s. 110.1; ss. 110.2–110.3). - If you live with someone under a gun prohibition, a judge can place limits on your access to guns in the home for up to 30 days to keep that person from access (Criminal Code s. 117.0101). - Many parts take effect on dates set by the Governor in Council; some parts take effect 30 days after Royal Assent (Coming into Force). - Gun owners - No new handgun registration certificates will be issued to individuals. Transfers are limited to businesses and exempted people (e.g., certain sport shooters, or those with an authorization to carry) (Firearms Act s. 12.2; s. 97.1; s. 23.2(d.1)). - If you become subject to a protection order, your licence is automatically revoked and you must deliver any firearms within 24 hours (or an extended period set by the chief firearms officer) (Firearms Act s. 70.3). - A chief firearms officer must revoke your licence within 24 hours if they reasonably suspect domestic violence or stalking (Firearms Act s. 70.2). - A chief firearms officer must suspend your ability to use, acquire, and import firearms for up to 30 days if they reasonably suspect you are no longer eligible (Firearms Act s. 69.1; s. 69.2). - It is an offence to possess or share certain computer files for 3D printing or machining a firearm or prohibited device for the purpose of making or trafficking one (up to 10 years) (Criminal Code s. 102.1). - It is an offence to alter a legal magazine so it becomes a prohibited device (up to 5 years) (Criminal Code s. 104.1). - “Firearm parts” (e.g., barrels, handgun slides, and others set by regulation) are now covered by many offences and search powers (Criminal Code s. 84(1) “firearm part”). - A future category of semi-automatic, centre-fire firearms with detachable magazines of 6+ designed and made after the coming-into-force date will be prohibited (Criminal Code s. 84(1)(e)). - Sport shooters - You may be exempt from the handgun transfer limits only if you meet criteria and annually provide a letter from an approved sport shooting body for Olympic/Paralympic disciplines, or hold an authorization to carry (Firearms Act s. 97.1). - Businesses and carriers - Dealers must verify buyer eligibility and, for handguns, whether the buyer is an exempted individual; transfers of magazines and firearm parts to individuals require the individual to hold a firearms licence (Firearms Act ss. 25(2), 25.1, 27–28). - Advertising a firearm in a way that depicts, counsels, or promotes violence against a person is an offence, with exceptions for the film industry, Canadian Forces, and public safety personnel (Firearms Act “Advertising” offence). - Carrier employees are protected from certain offences for possession/transfer in the course of their duties (Criminal Code s. 117.09(3)). - Travelers and non-residents - To import ammunition, cartridge magazines, or firearm parts, individuals must show a valid licence, or if a non-resident 18+, make a confirmed declaration; customs can detain or dispose of items if rules are not met (Firearms Act ss. 36–38). - Nuclear facility operators - High-security sites must maintain an on-site nuclear response force of designated, trained officers, unless approved alternative arrangements are in place; limited peace officer powers apply on-site (Nuclear Safety and Control Act ss. 27.2–27.3). - The regulator may authorize acquisition and use of firearms, prohibited weapons, and prohibited devices for site security, with reporting duties (Nuclear Safety and Control Act s. 27.4). - Foreign nationals - A new inadmissibility ground applies for committing a prescribed offence under an Act of Parliament on entering Canada (IRPA s. 36(2.1)). ## Expenses - Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - Government operations and justice system: - New court processes for emergency gun orders and related hearings (Criminal Code ss. 110.1, 111, 117.0101, 117.011). Data unavailable. - Added duties for chief firearms officers (suspensions, revocations, notices) and the Registrar, plus annual reporting by May 31 (Firearms Act ss. 69.1–70.3, 87, 93). Data unavailable. - Law enforcement tasks for seizures, returns, and investigations, including new offences (Criminal Code ss. 102.1, 104.1; Firearms Act s. 88.1). Data unavailable. - Nuclear sector: - High-security site requirements for staffing, training, equipment, and reporting (Nuclear Safety and Control Act ss. 27.2–27.4). Data unavailable. - Businesses and individuals: - Compliance work for transfers, imports, and advertising rules (Firearms Act ss. 25–28, 32, 36–38, “Advertising” offence). Data unavailable. ## Proponents' View - Targets “ghost guns” and 3D-printed weapons by prohibiting unlawfully made firearms and criminalizing key computer data used to make them (Criminal Code s. 84(1) “prohibited firearm”; s. 102.1). - Reduces handgun proliferation by stopping new individual registrations and limiting transfers to businesses and narrow exemptions (Firearms Act s. 12.2; s. 97.1). - Provides fast protection in domestic violence and stalking risks through 30-day emergency orders and mandatory or automatic licence actions (Criminal Code s. 110.1; Firearms Act ss. 70.2–70.3). - Increases maximum penalties to 14 years for trafficking and related offences to reflect seriousness and deter organized crime (Criminal Code ss. 95, 96, 99, 100, 103). - Closes loopholes on magazine tampering and brings key parts under the law to curb illegal modification and assembly (Criminal Code s. 104.1; s. 84(1) “firearm part”). - Enhances security at nuclear sites by allowing trained on-site forces with defined, limited powers and mandatory oversight and reporting (Nuclear Safety and Control Act ss. 27.2–27.4). ## Opponents' View - Due process and privacy concerns: emergency orders can be issued ex parte with search and seizure, including without a warrant in urgent cases, and records can be sealed; risks of misuse or uneven application (Criminal Code ss. 110.1(2),(5)–(7); 117.0101(2),(6)–(8)). - Broad administrative discretion: licence suspensions and revocations based on “reasonable grounds to suspect” may vary by province; appeals add workload to courts and police (Firearms Act ss. 69.1–70.3; 72(4)–(10)). - Economic impact on lawful owners and retailers: stopping new handgun registrations and limiting transfers may reduce sales and asset liquidity; no compensation mechanism in the bill text (Firearms Act s. 12.2; s. 27). Data unavailable. - Vagueness in advertising offence (“depicts, counsels or promotes violence”) could chill lawful marketing; scope will depend on future enforcement and any guidance (Firearms Act “Advertising” offence). - Prospective prohibition on certain future semi-automatic designs and undefined “firearm parts” to be set by regulation may create compliance uncertainty until regulations are issued (Criminal Code s. 84(1)(e) and “firearm part”). - New IRPA inadmissibility for “prescribed” offences relies on regulations; without a set list, scope and consistency at the border are uncertain (IRPA s. 36(2.1); Immigration Regulations s. 19).

Tougher Neglect Rules for Long-Term Care

## Summary This bill changes the Criminal Code to address neglect of adults in long‑term care. It creates a clear legal duty for long‑term care facility owners and officers to ensure residents get the “necessaries of life” (basic needs such as food, shelter, and care). It lets courts ban convicted owners or officers from working or volunteering with vulnerable adults, and it adds a sentencing factor for organizations that fail a legal duty owed to vulnerable adults. The law takes effect 30 days after it receives royal assent (Coming into Force). - Creates a new criminal duty for owners and officers of long‑term care facilities to ensure residents receive necessaries of life (amending Criminal Code s.215(1)(b.1)). - Sets the offence threshold: the failure must endanger life or cause, or be likely to cause, permanent injury to health (amending s.215(2)(b)). - Allows courts to order bans on working or volunteering with vulnerable adults; breach of the order is a new offence with up to 4 years in prison (Prohibition order, subsections (1)–(4)). - Requires courts to consider any provincial penalties already imposed when deciding a ban (Prohibition order, subsection (1.1)). - Adds a sentencing factor for organizations that failed a legal duty owed to vulnerable adults (adding s.718.21(a.1)). - Defines “long‑term care facility” and “officer” for clarity (definitions added to s.214). ## What it means for you - Households and residents - Owners and officers of long‑term care homes now have a specific criminal duty to ensure residents receive basic needs. Police and prosecutors can use this duty in neglect cases that meet the harm threshold (s.215(1)(b.1), s.215(2)(b)). - If an owner or officer is convicted or conditionally discharged for such neglect, a court may ban them from jobs or volunteer roles involving trust or authority over vulnerable adults, for any period the court finds appropriate (Prohibition order, subsections (1)–(2)). - The law takes effect 30 days after royal assent (Coming into Force). - Workers in long‑term care - Front‑line staff are not named by the new “officer” definition unless they hold officer roles. “Officer” includes roles like board chair, president, vice‑president, secretary, treasurer, comptroller, general counsel, general manager, managing director, or similar functions, or anyone designated as an officer (definition of “officer,” s.214). - Workplace policies may change as facilities work to ensure compliance. Data unavailable. - Owners, boards, and senior leaders of long‑term care facilities - You face criminal exposure if you fail to ensure residents receive necessaries of life and that failure endangers life or is likely to cause permanent injury (s.215(1)(b.1), s.215(2)(b)). - On conviction or discharge, you may be prohibited from working or volunteering with vulnerable adults; violating that order is a separate offence punishable by up to 4 years’ imprisonment on indictment, or by summary conviction (Prohibition order, subsections (1)–(4)). - Courts will also consider, for organizational sentencing, whether your organization failed a legal duty owed to vulnerable adults (s.718.21(a.1)). - Provincial regulators and local governments - When deciding any prohibition order, courts must consider penalties or measures already imposed under provincial laws or policies meant to protect vulnerable adults (Prohibition order, subsection (1.1)). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - No fiscal note or federal cost estimate identified. Data unavailable. - The bill makes criminal law changes and creates no direct appropriations or fees (Bill text). - Possible impacts on enforcement, courts, and corrections are not quantified. Data unavailable. ## Proponents' View - Clarifies accountability at the top: Adds an explicit duty for owners and officers of long‑term care facilities to ensure residents get basic needs (s.215(1)(b.1)), addressing institutional neglect at the leadership level (Bill: s.215(1)(b.1)). - Targets serious harm: Ties criminal liability to cases where failure endangers life or is likely to cause permanent injury, focusing on the most severe neglect (s.215(2)(b)). - Prevents repeat harm: Allows courts to ban convicted owners or officers from jobs or volunteer roles with vulnerable adults, with flexible duration (Prohibition order, subsections (1)–(2)). - Respects provincial action: Requires courts to take into account penalties or measures already imposed under provincial regimes when deciding a prohibition order, reducing duplication (Prohibition order, subsection (1.1)). - Strengthens sentencing for organizations: Makes failure of a legal duty to vulnerable adults an aggravating factor, which can lead to tougher sentences for organizations (s.718.21(a.1)). ## Opponents' View - High harm threshold: The offence applies only if the failure endangers life or is likely to cause permanent injury (s.215(2)(b)); critics say many cases of neglect may not meet this bar and thus see no change. - Overlap and complexity: Courts must weigh provincial penalties (subsection (1.1)), which could create uneven outcomes across provinces and add procedural complexity. - Enforcement challenges: Proving that owners or officers “failed to ensure” necessaries of life and that this failure caused the specified harm may be difficult in large institutions with many actors (s.215(1)(b.1), s.215(2)(b)). - Limited scope of who is covered: The new duty targets owners and “officers” as defined; front‑line staff are not directly included, which some argue leaves gaps in accountability (definition of “officer,” s.214). - Risk of unintended staffing effects: Greater criminal exposure for officers may deter qualified leaders from serving in long‑term care. Data unavailable.

Greener Materials for Federal Buildings

## Summary This bill changes the Department of Public Works and Government Services Act to guide how the federal government sets requirements for building, maintaining, and repairing its buildings and other public works. It requires the Minister to consider greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions and other environmental benefits, and it permits the use of wood or any other material that achieves those benefits (Bill, new s.7(1.1)). It does not force the use of wood and does not set targets. - Requires the Minister to consider potential GHG reductions and environmental benefits when setting project requirements (Bill, new s.7(1.1)). - Lets the Minister allow wood or other materials that deliver those benefits; it does not mandate them (Bill, new s.7(1.1)). - Applies to construction, maintenance, and repair of federal public works, real property, and “immovables” (property in Quebec civil law) (Bill, new s.7(1.1)). - Does not amend building codes, safety rules, or procurement law beyond this consideration step. - Sets a broad scope by including “any other thing” (e.g., material, product, sustainable resource) that yields environmental benefits (Bill, new s.7(1.1)). ## What it means for you - Households - No direct change. This affects federal projects and contracts, not private homes (Bill, new s.7(1.1)). - Workers - Construction trades working on federal projects may see more bids that consider lower‑emission materials. Training or methods could shift by project, but nothing is mandated (Bill, new s.7(1.1)). Data unavailable on scale. - Forestry and wood-product workers could see more opportunities if project requirements permit mass timber or other wood uses. This depends on project-by-project choices (Bill, new s.7(1.1)). Data unavailable. - Businesses - Building material suppliers (wood, concrete, steel, low‑carbon products) may face new evaluation criteria focused on GHG impacts and environmental benefits. No material gets an automatic preference (Bill, new s.7(1.1)). - Federal contractors may need to document environmental benefits of proposed materials to meet requirement-setting considerations. Exact documentation standards are not defined in the bill. Data unavailable. - Federal departments and agencies - When developing project requirements, officials must consider GHG reductions and other environmental benefits and may allow materials that achieve them, including wood (Bill, new s.7(1.1)). - Internal procurement policies and design guides may need updates to reflect this consideration step. The bill does not prescribe a method or metric. Data unavailable. - Local and provincial/territorial governments - No direct change. The bill applies to federal public works. It does not change provincial/territorial or municipal building codes or procurement rules. ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - The bill makes a policy change but contains no direct spending or appropriations (Bill, new s.7(1.1)). - No official fiscal note identified. Data unavailable. - Possible administrative costs to update requirement-setting policies and to evaluate environmental benefits are not quantified. Data unavailable. ## Proponents' View - Adds a clear duty to consider GHG reductions in federal project requirements, aligning procurement with climate goals without mandating any one material (Bill, new s.7(1.1)). - Enables use of wood and other lower‑emission materials where appropriate, potentially lowering emissions from construction and maintenance activities (Bill, new s.7(1.1)). Extent depends on project choices. Data unavailable. - Keeps flexibility by covering “any other thing” that delivers environmental benefits, allowing innovation and competition among materials and products (Bill, new s.7(1.1)). - Avoids legal or safety conflicts because it does not override building codes or force a specific material; it only guides requirement development (Bill, new s.7(1.1)). - May support domestic industries that can demonstrate environmental benefits, including advanced wood products, without creating a mandated preference (Bill, new s.7(1.1)). Data unavailable. ## Opponents' View - Mostly symbolic: the Minister “shall consider” but only “may allow” materials; there are no targets, metrics, or required outcomes, so practices may not change (Bill, new s.7(1.1)). - Vague terms like “any other thing” and “environmental benefits” are undefined, which could lead to inconsistent evaluations or disputes in procurement (Bill, new s.7(1.1)). - Could add time and administrative burden to develop and defend requirement decisions focused on environmental benefits, without added resources. Costs and delays are not quantified. Data unavailable. - Risk of de facto favoritism if stakeholders interpret the change as a signal to prefer wood, potentially disadvantaging other materials even when they perform better on cost or durability in some cases (Bill, new s.7(1.1)). Evidence on frequency or impact is not provided. Data unavailable. - Without a standard method to measure GHG reductions, agencies may rely on varied tools or claims, raising concerns about “greenwashing” and uneven oversight. The bill does not set methods or verification (Bill, new s.7(1.1)).

Budget Act Delivers Payments, Fees, and Reforms

## Summary Bill C-47 (Budget Implementation Act, 2023, No. 1) puts many 2023 budget measures into law. It affects taxes, benefits, consumer protection, air travel, pensions, anti–money laundering, innovation funding, and more. Several parts take effect on fixed dates; others start after regulations are made. Key practical effects: - Puts cash in some households’ pockets (one‑time extra GST credit for January 2023; faster Canada Workers Benefit (CWB) payments) (Part 1 s.122.5(3.003); new s.122.72). - Raises the Air Travellers Security Charge from tickets purchased after April 2024 (Part 3 Div. 2). - Funds the new Canada Innovation Corporation (CIC) and gives a one‑time $2.0 billion Canada Health Transfer top‑up (Part 4 Div. 7; Div. 8). - Tightens tax reporting (digital platforms; reportable/notifiable tax transactions; uncertain tax treatments) (Part 1 new Part XX; ss.237.3–237.5). - Strengthens consumer protections (single bank complaints body; stronger air passenger rules; lowers criminal interest cap to 35% APR) (Part 4 Div. 1; Div. 23; Div. 34). - Bans cosmetic animal testing and regulates natural health products more like drugs (Part 4 Div. 27–28). ## What it means for you - Households - Extra GST credit equal to double the regular January 2023 payment (already paid) (Part 1 s.122.5(3.003)). - CWB will be paid automatically in advance, quarterly starting with the 2023 tax year (new s.122.72; applies to years beginning after 2022). - Employers must report whether you or your family had access to dental coverage on your T4/T4A for 2023 onward (Div. 29). - Criminal interest cap lowered to 35% APR; government can set a federal limit on payday loan total cost of borrowing (Div. 34). Timing by regulation. - Cosmetic animal testing is prohibited; related marketing claims restricted (in force December 22, 2023) (Div. 28). - Workers and students - Tradespeople’s tools deduction doubled to $1,000 (2023 and later) (Part 1 s.8(1)(s)). - Divorced/separated parents can be joint RESP subscribers; higher Educational Assistance Payment limits (from March 28, 2023) (Part 1 s.146.1). - RDSP “qualifying family member” rule extended 3 years and expanded to siblings (Part 1 s.146.4). - EI seasonal benefit top‑up extended to October 26, 2024 (Part 4 Div. 35). - A new EI Board of Appeal will replace most Social Security Tribunal EI appeals (date by order) (Part 4 Div. 38). - Travellers - Air Travellers Security Charge rises for tickets paid after April 2024 (e.g., domestic one‑way to $9.94; transborder to $16.89; international to $34.42) (Part 3 Div. 2). - Stronger air passenger rules: streamlined complaint process at the Canadian Transportation Agency, higher burden of proof on carriers, and carrier‑funded complaint system (some parts in force September 30, 2023; others by order) (Part 4 Div. 23). - Airlines must route international baggage without delay to the nearest international area; some customs “tele‑presentation” allowed where available (Part 4 Div. 24). - Savers and investors - CRA will receive annual fair market values for RRSPs/RRIFs (from 2023 tax year) (Regulations s.214, s.215). - TFSA set‑off rights clarified; minor technical fixes across registered plans (Part 1 s.146.2). - CRA reassessment periods extended for certain reportable/notifiable transactions and uncertain tax treatments; significant penalties for non‑filing (Part 1 ss.152, 237.3–237.5). - Small businesses and platforms - Digital platforms (goods sales, rentals, ride‑/task‑services) must report seller info and revenues to CRA starting 2024; sellers will also receive summaries (Part 1 new Part XX; in force January 1, 2024). - Cryptoasset mining generally not a taxable supply for GST/HST (no ITCs); applies from February 5, 2022 (Part 2). - Payment card network operator services are taxable for GST/HST starting March 28, 2023 (Part 2). - Bank customers - One not‑for‑profit external complaints body designated for all banks; stronger timelines, reporting and oversight by FCAC (Part 4 Div. 1). - Air and rail users - Rail interswitching at regulated rates extended up to 160 km in MB/SK/AB for 18 months; air carriers must publish performance data (Part 4 Div. 22). - Depositors - Finance Minister may temporarily raise CDIC coverage limit until April 30, 2024 (Part 4 Div. 37). Current limit is $100,000 (sightline only). - Health systems - Provinces/territories receive a one‑time $2.0 billion Canada Health Transfer top‑up (Part 4 Div. 8). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: CAD $2.0 billion one‑time (CHT top‑up in 2023‑2024), plus multi‑year funding for the Canada Innovation Corporation; other items largely administrative or revenue‑neutral; several measures raise user fees/taxes. Key figures: - One‑time Canada Health Transfer top‑up: CAD $2.0 billion (allocated by province/territory) (Part 4 Div. 8). - Canada Innovation Corporation statutory payments (subject to appropriation) (Part 4 Div. 7): Item | Amount | Frequency | Source ---|---:|---|--- CIC payment (FY2023‑2024) | $198,000,000 | One‑time | (Div. 7 “Payments out of CRF”) CIC payment (FY2024‑2025) | $775,000,000 | One‑time | (Div. 7) CIC payment (FY2025‑2026) | $800,000,000 | One‑time | (Div. 7) CIC payment (FY2026‑2027) | $800,000,000 | One‑time | (Div. 7) CIC payment (each year thereafter) | $525,000,000 | Annual ongoing | (Div. 7) - Air Travellers Security Charge: rate increases from tickets paid after April 2024; federal revenue effect not stated in the Act (Part 3 Div. 2). Data unavailable. - Excise escalator cap for alcohol at 2% for one year from April 1, 2023; revenue impact not stated in the Act (Part 3 Div. 1). Data unavailable. - Administration/enforcement (e.g., air passenger complaint system; AML regime; CRA reporting): Data unavailable. ## Proponents' View - Helps with cost of living now: one‑time GST credit boost for January 2023 and faster CWB payments put cash sooner into low‑ and modest‑income households (Part 1 s.122.5(3.003); s.122.72). - Strengthens consumer rights: single bank complaints body with tighter timelines and transparency (Part 4 Div. 1); tougher air passenger rules with a higher burden on airlines and a carrier‑funded complaint system (Part 4 Div. 23). - Curbs predatory lending: lowers the criminal interest rate to 35% APR and enables a federal cap on payday loan total borrowing costs (Part 4 Div. 34). - Supports workers and learners: doubles the tools deduction, modernizes RESPs/RDSPs, and extends EI seasonal relief (Part 1 s.8(1)(s); s.146.1; s.146.4; Part 4 Div. 35). - Invests in innovation and growth: establishes and funds the Canada Innovation Corporation to boost business R&D across sectors and regions (Part 4 Div. 7). - Closes tax gaps and modernizes compliance: platform reporting, reportable/notifiable transactions, uncertain tax treatment reporting, and extended reassessment periods (Part 1 new Part XX; ss.237.3–237.5; s.152). - Advances health and ethics: one‑time $2.0 billion CHT to reduce pressures; bans cosmetic animal testing and increases oversight of natural health products (Part 4 Div. 8; Div. 28; Div. 27). ## Opponents' View - Higher travel costs: the increased Air Travellers Security Charge adds to ticket prices from May 2024 purchase dates (Part 3 Div. 2). Impact on affordability is not quantified in the Act. - Compliance burdens: digital platform reporting, expanded tax‑avoidance reporting, and GST/HST changes may raise costs for small sellers and intermediaries (Part 1 new Part XX; ss.237.3–237.5; Part 2). - Large new spending with limited program detail: Canada Innovation Corporation receives billions over several years before full public program specifics are established (Part 4 Div. 7). - Privacy and oversight concerns: political parties’ privacy rules are set as a separate regime in the Elections Act, potentially weaker than general privacy law (Part 4 Div. 39); employer dental‑coverage T4 reporting expands data collection (Div. 29). - Access to credit: a 35% APR criminal cap may reduce high‑cost credit availability for risky borrowers if lenders exit rather than reprice (Part 4 Div. 34). - Enforcement reach and red tape: new AML offences (e.g., “structuring”), broader information‑sharing, and digital asset seizure powers could raise operational risks and costs for small money services businesses and fintechs (Part 4 Div. 3; Subdivision B). - Uncertain fiscal impacts: several measures (air charge, excise cap, complaint systems) lack published costings in the Act, making budget trade‑offs hard to assess (Data unavailable).

New Discipline System for Federal Judges

## Summary This bill rewrites how Canada handles complaints about the conduct of federally appointed judges. It replaces the Canadian Judicial Council’s (CJC) old inquiry model with a tiered system that can issue remedies short of removal and, when needed, recommend removal to the Minister of Justice. It also covers other federal “good behaviour” office holders and sets clear rules for public hearings, appeals within the system, reporting, and funding. - Creates screening, review, reduced-hearing, full-hearing, and appeal panels, with public hearings by default (Part IV). - Lets panels impose lesser sanctions (warnings, reprimands, apologies, training) when removal is not justified (Part IV, Division 1 – Review Panel Actions). - Includes lay persons on panels and requires diverse rosters, published selection criteria, and annual public reporting (Part IV, Division 1 – Rosters; Division 4 – Annual report). - Allows anonymous complaints in limited cases, with safeguards (Part IV, Division 1 – Complaints). - Centralizes appeals inside the process and limits outside judicial review, with possible leave to the Supreme Court of Canada (Part IV, Division 1 – Appeals and Supreme Court; Division 4 – Decision final). - Pays panel costs and lawyers’ fees from the federal Consolidated Revenue Fund (CRF), subject to regulations and guidelines (Financial Provisions). ## What it means for you - Households and court users - You can file a complaint about a federally appointed judge using the CJC’s specified form. Anonymous complaints are allowed but proceed only if two CJC members see grounds that public confidence could be undermined (Part IV, Division 1 – Complaints). - Hearings are public by default. Panels can go private or ban publication if the public interest requires it. Decisions and reasons are published as much as possible (Part IV, Division 1 – Hearings public; Decision and reasons made public). - Complaints that allege sexual misconduct, sexual harassment, or discrimination cannot be dismissed at the screening stage (Part IV, Division 1 – Screening Officer Restriction). - Workers and professionals (judges, prothonotaries, lawyers) - Prothonotaries of the Federal Court are treated as holding “judicial office” for this process (Part IV, Division 1 – Definition of judicial office). - Judges gain due-process rights: to be heard, to cross‑examine witnesses, and to present evidence, with counsel (Part IV, Division 1 – Rights of Judge). - If a full hearing panel finds removal justified, pension calculations change the next day. Contributions pause, but are later reconciled if the decision is overturned or no removal occurs (Part IV, Division 1 – Salaries and Annuities). - Presenting counsel prosecutes the case; judges may have their legal fees paid from the CRF for these proceedings, but not for judicial reviews outside this process (Financial Provisions). - Hearings and appeals may proceed by remote appearance (Division 4 – Remote appearance). - Businesses and media - More decisions and reasons will be public, subject to privacy limits, aiding reporting and compliance training on courtroom conduct (Part IV, Division 1 – Decision and reasons made public). - Provincial and federal governments - The federal Minister or a provincial attorney general can request a full hearing panel to assess whether removal is justified (Division 2 – Requests Concerning Judges). - For other federal “good behaviour” office holders, the Minister may request a full hearing panel, and the Governor in Council may remove by order where permitted (Division 3 – Requests Concerning Office Holders). - Taxpayers - The CRF pays for panel operations, presenting counsel, some defence counsel fees, experts, and hearing costs. The Commissioner sets public guidelines for fees and must justify any differences from Treasury Board norms (Financial Provisions). - An independent review of these financial rules occurs within 18 months of the first report and every 5 years, with findings made public (Financial Provisions). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - No official fiscal note or public cost estimate found. The bill has a Royal Recommendation, indicating new spending authority (Preamble – Recommendation). - The bill directs payments from the CRF for specified costs and sets up regulations and guidelines to control them (Financial Provisions). Item | Amount | Frequency | Source ---|---|---|--- Panel member expenses (including lay persons) | Data unavailable | As incurred | (Financial Provisions) Presenting counsel fees and expenses | Data unavailable | As incurred | (Financial Provisions) Judges’ legal fees and expenses for these proceedings and SCC appeals | Data unavailable | As incurred; excludes judicial reviews | (Financial Provisions) Experts, transcription, translation, room rental, security | Data unavailable | As incurred | (Financial Provisions) Independent financial review | Data unavailable | Once within 18 months of first report; every 5 years thereafter | (Financial Provisions) - Key cost controls and transparency: - Governor in Council regulations on fees and expenses (Financial Provisions). - Commissioner’s public guidelines, with reasons for any deviations from Treasury Board directives (Financial Provisions). - Independent review report made public, assessing consistency with best practices in financial controls (Financial Provisions). ## Proponents' View - More proportionate and efficient discipline: Panels can issue corrective measures short of removal (warnings, training, apologies), avoiding full-blown inquiries for mid-level misconduct (Part IV, Division 1 – Review Panel Actions). - Greater transparency and public confidence: Public hearings by default; publication of decisions and annual caseload statistics; public rosters and selection criteria; inclusion of lay persons and attention to diversity and official languages (Part IV, Division 1 – Hearings public; Rosters; Division 4 – Annual report). - Clear removal standard protects independence: Removal must be justified based on defined grounds and the effect on public confidence, aligning with constitutional principles (s. 80 – Removal Justification). - Streamlined appeals and finality reduce delay: Internal appeal panel, limited court review, and possible leave to the Supreme Court of Canada focus challenges within a set pathway (Part IV, Division 1 – Appeals and Supreme Court; Division 4 – Decision final). - Access and safety for complainants: Anonymous complaints are possible when justified; sexual misconduct and discrimination complaints cannot be screened out early (Part IV, Division 1 – Complaints; Screening Officer Restriction). - Cost governance: Payments flow under regulations and public guidelines, with periodic independent audits to check best practices (Financial Provisions). ## Opponents' View - Independence and perception risks: Letting the Minister designate one lawyer on a full hearing panel could be seen as executive influence, even with backups when the Minister is the requester (Part IV, Division 1 – Full Hearing Panel, s. on lawyer designation). - Limited judicial review: Making CJC decisions “final” outside this scheme concentrates adjudicative power and may reduce external court oversight, raising rule-of-law concerns (Division 4 – Decision final). - Anonymous complaints and reputational harm: Allowing anonymity and public hearings could increase exposure to unverified claims, despite screening and public-interest safeguards (Part IV, Division 1 – Complaints; Hearings public). - Uncertain and potentially rising costs: The CRF must pay for panels, counsel (including defence for judges), and hearing logistics; no monetary caps are in the bill, creating budget exposure until regulations and guidelines set parameters (Financial Provisions). - Process complexity and timelines: Multiple stages (screening, review, reduced hearing, full hearing, appeal, possible SCC leave) could still lead to long cases, even if designed to be more proportionate (Part IV, Divisions 1–2). - Pension timing rule: Treating the day after a full hearing panel’s “removal justified” decision as the pension calculation date may appear premature before Parliament or the Minister completes the removal step, even though the bill provides exceptions if the decision is overturned or not acted on (Part IV, Division 1 – Salaries and Annuities).

Platforms Must Pay For Canadian News

## Summary The Online News Act (C‑18) sets rules for large online platforms that make news content available in Canada. It creates a bargaining framework so platforms and Canadian news businesses can reach deals for compensation and other terms. The Canadian Radio‑television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) oversees the system, including exemptions, bargaining rules, and enforcement. - Applies to “digital news intermediaries” (e.g., search engines, social media) when there is a clear power imbalance with news businesses (Application). - Lets the CRTC exempt a platform if it signs deals that meet set criteria, including fair pay and support for local, Indigenous, and official language minority outlets (Exemptions — Exemption order). - Sets a 90‑day negotiation, 120‑day mediation, and 45‑day final‑offer arbitration process, limited to money disputes (Bargaining Process — Steps; Scope of final offer arbitration). - Bars unjust discrimination or undue preference against eligible news businesses; allows complaints to the CRTC (Discrimination, Preference and Disadvantage — Prohibition; Complaint). - Authorizes administrative monetary penalties up to $10 million for a first violation by an entity and $15 million for subsequent violations (Administrative Monetary Penalties — Maximum amount of penalty). - Requires an annual independent audit report on the Act’s impact, published by the CRTC (Independent Review — Annual report). ## What it means for you - Households and news readers - You may see changes in how news links and content appear on major platforms, depending on whether a platform participates, qualifies for an exemption, or changes its services (Application; Exemptions — Exemption order). - The Act aims to support local, regional, national, Indigenous, and official language minority news, which could affect the amount and diversity of Canadian news you can access (Purpose; Exemptions — Exemption order). - Journalists and newsroom workers - News businesses that qualify and participate in bargaining may receive compensation from platforms. The Act says an appropriate portion must support news production (Exemptions — Exemption order). - Eligible news businesses must meet criteria such as employing two or more journalists in Canada, operating in Canada, and following a code of ethics (Eligibility — Eligible news businesses — designation). - News businesses and publishers - If eligible, you can initiate bargaining with listed platforms and use the 90/120/45‑day process, with final‑offer arbitration restricted to monetary terms (Bargaining Process — Steps; Scope of final offer arbitration). - Groups of eligible news businesses can bargain together and are exempt from certain Competition Act provisions when doing so (Competition Act — Covered agreements; Other agreements). - You can file complaints if a platform unjustly discriminates or gives undue preference that harms you (Discrimination, Preference and Disadvantage — Prohibition; Complaint). - Digital platforms (operators) - If the CRTC finds a significant bargaining power imbalance, your service can be listed, triggering bargaining duties and potential penalties for non‑compliance (Application; List of digital news intermediaries; Duty to bargain; Administrative Monetary Penalties — Maximum amount of penalty). - You may seek an exemption by making deals that meet criteria for fair compensation, newsroom support, and broad inclusion across diverse outlets (Exemptions — Exemption order). - If party to a covered agreement, you are not liable under the Copyright Act for activities covered by that agreement (Copyright — Liability of operators). - Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC/Radio‑Canada) - If CBC is party to agreements under the Act, it must file an annual report to the CRTC on compensation received and how funds were used (Provision of Information — Canadian Broadcasting Corporation). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - No official fiscal note was published. The Act includes cost‑recovery tools rather than a set appropriation amount (Financial Provisions). - The CRTC may: - Charge fees for services (e.g., handling complaints, regulatory processes), not exceeding cost (Fees for services). - Recover administration costs from operators through charges set by regulation, not exceeding cost (Cost recovery). - Private payments to news businesses will come from platform‑publisher agreements or arbitration outcomes. Amounts vary by agreement (Bargaining Process; Agreements). - Implementation example: The Government of Canada announced regulations and a framework under which Google agreed to contribute CAD $100 million/year to Canadian news businesses. This is an implementation outcome under the Act’s regulatory scheme, not a statutory appropriation (Canadian Heritage, November 29, 2023). Item | Amount | Frequency | Source ---|---|---|--- CRTC fees for services | Data unavailable | As set by regulation | (Fees for services) CRTC cost‑recovery charges to operators | Data unavailable | As set by regulation | (Cost recovery) Private operator contributions to news | Varies by agreement; example: CAD $100 million/year (Google) | Annual | (Canadian Heritage, November 29, 2023) ## Proponents' View - Helps correct bargaining imbalances so news producers are fairly paid when platforms make their content available (Application; Purpose). - Ensures funds support journalism by requiring that compensation be used to produce local, regional, and national news (Exemptions — Exemption order). - Protects smaller and diverse outlets by requiring that a “significant portion” of independent local, Indigenous, and official language minority outlets benefit (Exemptions — Exemption order). - Provides a clear, time‑limited process with final‑offer arbitration to reach deals and avoid stalemates (Bargaining Process — Steps; Final Offer Arbitration — Decision of arbitration panel). - Allows collective bargaining by news businesses without breaching certain Competition Act provisions, improving their leverage (Competition Act — Covered agreements; Other agreements). - Builds transparency with an annual independent audit on total deal value and distribution across outlets, published by the CRTC (Independent Review — Annual report). ## Opponents' View - Risk of reduced access to news if platforms change services to avoid coverage; Meta stopped making news available to Canadian users in 2023 in response to the Act, affecting user access and publisher traffic (Canadian Heritage, August 2023). - Smaller publishers may still miss out if they do not meet eligibility (e.g., two‑journalist minimum, general‑interest focus) or cannot engage in complex bargaining (Eligibility — Eligible news businesses — designation). - The process is administratively heavy: CRTC listings, exemption reviews, code of conduct, information requests, and confidentiality rules increase compliance burdens (List of digital news intermediaries; Exemptions; Code of Conduct; Provision of Information). - Arbitration is limited to money disputes, constraining solutions on non‑monetary issues like product changes or algorithmic placement (Bargaining Process — Scope of final offer arbitration). - Enforcement carries large penalties (up to $10 million first violation; $15 million subsequent for entities), creating financial risk during implementation (Administrative Monetary Penalties — Maximum amount of penalty). - Government access to submitted information (Minister and Chief Statistician) and sharing with the Competition Bureau, even with confidentiality limits, may raise data‑handling concerns for businesses (Provision of Information — Minister and Chief Statistician; Confidential information).

Firefighter cancer awareness and prevention framework

## Summary This bill tells the federal Minister of Health to create a national framework to raise awareness about cancers linked to firefighting and to improve access to prevention and treatment. It sets deadlines to table the framework in Parliament and to report on its results. It also declares January as Firefighter Cancer Awareness Month. The bill does not create new benefits or set binding rules for provinces or employers. - Requires the Minister to develop and publish a national framework within 1 year of the Act coming into force (Bill s. 3(1), s. 4(1)–(2)). - Requires consultations with provinces, territories, municipalities, Indigenous governing bodies, health professionals, scientists, and firefighter stakeholders (Bill s. 3(2)). - Lists optional elements the framework may include, such as research support, screening recommendations, and a summary of existing occupational cancer standards (Bill s. 3(3)(a)-(f)). - Requires a report on the framework’s effectiveness within 5 years after tabling (Bill s. 5(1)–(2)). - Designates January as Firefighter Cancer Awareness Month nationwide (Bill s. 6). ## What it means for you - Households - No direct changes to taxes, benefits, or services. The bill focuses on planning, research, and awareness (Bill s. 3). - Firefighters (career and volunteer) - Expect federal-led information on cancer risks, prevention, and treatment once the framework is published (Bill s. 3(1), s. 4(2)). - May see recommendations for regular cancer screening that are specific to firefighting exposures (Bill s. 3(3)(c)). - No automatic new entitlements, compensation, or coverage are created by this bill (Bill s. 3). - Health care professionals - May receive new training materials or guidance related to firefighter cancers if included in the framework (Bill s. 3(3)(b)). - Possible recommendations on screening or referral practices for firefighters (Bill s. 3(3)(c)). - Fire departments and firefighter associations - Likely invited to participate in federal consultations during framework development (Bill s. 3(2)). - May gain access to shared data and best practices on prevention and treatment (Bill s. 3(3)(d)-(e)). - Provincial, territorial, municipal, and Indigenous governments - Consulted in building the framework; no mandatory adoption of standards or programs (Bill s. 3(2)-(3)). - A federal summary of existing standards recognizing certain firefighter cancers as occupational diseases may improve consistency of information, but it is not binding (Bill s. 3(3)(f)). - General public - January will be recognized as Firefighter Cancer Awareness Month each year, which may prompt campaigns and events (Bill s. 6). - Timing - Framework must be tabled in Parliament within 1 year of the Act coming into force and posted online within 10 days of tabling (Bill s. 4(1)–(2)). - An effectiveness report is due within 5 years after the framework is tabled (Bill s. 5(1)). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - No explicit funding amounts or appropriations are in the bill (Bill, entire text). - Health Canada must develop, table, and publish the framework within 1 year; costs for staffing, consultations, and communications are not stated (Bill s. 3–4). - A 5-year effectiveness report is required; costs are not stated (Bill s. 5). - Awareness Month designation does not mandate spending (Bill s. 6). ## Proponents' View - Creates a clear federal role to coordinate information on firefighter cancers and to support awareness, aiming to improve access to prevention and treatment (Bill s. 3(1)). - Commits to wide consultations across governments and stakeholders, which may improve buy-in and practical relevance (Bill s. 3(2)). - Enables screening recommendations tailored to firefighting risks, which proponents say can support earlier detection (Bill s. 3(3)(c)). Assumes screening guidance will be evidence-based and adopted by providers. - Promotes research and better data collection, addressing existing information gaps on exposures and outcomes (Bill s. 3(3)(a), (d)). Assumes new data will be comparable across jurisdictions. - Summarizes current occupational disease standards across Canada, which may highlight gaps and encourage more consistent recognition of firefighter cancers (Bill s. 3(3)(f)). Assumes provinces and territories will consider the summary. - Sets a 1-year deadline and a 5-year effectiveness review, adding accountability and public reporting (Bill s. 4–5). ## Opponents' View - Framework is non-binding and may have limited impact without new funding, mandates, or changes to provincial workers’ compensation or health programs (Bill s. 3(3)(f)). - Risk of duplicating existing provincial, territorial, municipal, and association initiatives on firefighter cancer prevention and training (Bill s. 3(2)-(3)). Assumes current efforts already cover key needs. - Implementation risk if jurisdictions disagree on screening recommendations or data standards; the bill provides no enforcement tools to align practices (Bill s. 3(3)(c)-(e)). - Administrative burdens for consultations, data collection, and reporting could divert resources, with costs not quantified in the bill (Bill s. 3–5; Data unavailable). - Awareness Month is symbolic and may raise expectations without delivering concrete changes in benefits or coverage (Bill s. 6).

Five-Year Visits for Parents and Grandparents

## Summary This bill changes visitor visas for parents and grandparents of Canadian citizens or permanent residents. It lets them stay longer and broadens where they can buy required health insurance. It also requires a public report on possibly lowering the income requirement for host families. - Sets a 5-year stay for eligible parents and grandparents visiting for an extended period (s.29(3)). - Allows required private health insurance to be purchased from approved insurers outside Canada (added after s.15). - Orders the Minister to table a report within one year on reducing the host’s minimum income requirement, special processing circumstances, and a review process; the report must be published online (Report to Parliament clauses). - If no reduction is provided within two years, the Minister must table reasons in Parliament (Explanation clause). - Does not change who qualifies for a visa beyond these items; all usual admissibility rules still apply (implicit). ## What it means for you - Households (Canadian citizens or permanent residents): You can host a visiting parent or grandparent for up to 5 years per stay once this law takes effect (s.29(3)). You still must meet the existing income requirement until the Minister completes the report and decides on any change (Report to Parliament clauses). You may be able to use a foreign health insurer if the Minister approves that insurer (added after s.15). - Parents and grandparents (foreign nationals): You may apply for a temporary resident visa for an extended visit of 5 years if you meet all conditions (s.29(3)). You must carry private health insurance, which can be from a Canadian company or an approved company outside Canada (added after s.15). All other entry and admissibility rules remain in place (implicit in the Act). - Insurance buyers and providers: Families can shop for required medical coverage from Canadian providers or approved foreign providers, if the Minister has approved them (added after s.15). Coverage must still meet any standards set by ministerial instructions (e.g., coverage limits), but the bill does not change those standards (added after s.15). - Immigration practitioners and advisers: The 5-year stay is set in statute rather than policy, providing a clear rule for planning (s.29(3)). Watch for the Minister’s report within one year and any follow-up changes to the income threshold or review process (Report to Parliament clauses). - Parliament and the public: The Minister must table and publish the report within set timelines, and must provide reasons if no income-threshold reduction is implemented within two years (Report to Parliament; Explanation clause). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - The bill includes no explicit spending, appropriations, or fee changes (entire bill). - It requires the Minister to approve foreign insurance options and to prepare, table, and publish a report; no cost estimate is provided (added after s.15; Report to Parliament clauses). Data unavailable. - Any administrative, enforcement, or oversight costs for approving and monitoring foreign insurers are not quantified. Data unavailable. ## Proponents' View - Longer stays reduce repeat travel and make caregiving and family support easier for multi-year periods (s.29(3)). - Allowing approved foreign insurers increases competition and choice for required health coverage, which could lower premiums for families (added after s.15). Assumes sufficient approved providers and comparable coverage terms. - A mandated report, publication, and possible income-threshold reduction could open the program to more families with modest incomes, while keeping transparency through public tabling (Report to Parliament clauses). - Codifying the 5-year stay in the Act provides stability compared with relying only on ministerial instructions, helping families plan multi-year visits (s.29(3)). - The explanation requirement if no reduction occurs within two years increases accountability to Parliament and the public (Explanation clause). ## Opponents' View - Approving foreign health insurers may pose oversight and enforcement challenges, including verifying solvency, claims payment, and consumer protection across borders (added after s.15). Assumes limited regulatory reach outside Canada. - A 5-year stay could raise risk of unpaid medical costs if insurance is inadequate or claims are denied, potentially shifting burdens to provinces or hospitals (s.29(3)). No quantified risk provided. - If the Minister later reduces the income requirement, more hosts with limited means could face financial strain supporting long visits; the bill does not define safeguards (Report to Parliament clauses). This outcome depends on future ministerial decisions. - The bill mandates reporting but does not guarantee policy change; timelines could create uncertainty for applicants planning near-term travel (Report to Parliament; Explanation clause). - No fiscal estimate is provided; administrative and compliance costs for reviewing insurers and managing the reporting and any new review process are unknown (entire bill).

Sanctioned People Barred from Entering Canada

## Summary This bill (S-8) amends Canada’s immigration law to create a clear, separate ground to bar people from Canada if they are under sanctions. It expands who can be barred to include people and entities sanctioned under Canadian law or under international sanctions that Canada supports. It also changes related rules on detention, appeals, family members, citizenship, and removal orders. - Creates a distinct “sanctions” inadmissibility (new section 35.1) covering sanctions on countries, entities, and persons, including under the Special Economic Measures Act and the Magnitsky law (new s.35.1(1)(a)-(c)). - Ends the bar when the sanction ends (new s.35.1(2)). - Lets the Minister of Public Safety issue a removal order for sanctions-based inadmissibility, rather than the Immigration Division (Regulations; bill summary; IRPR s.228(1)(f)). - Removes access to some relief and appeals for people inadmissible on sanctions grounds (IRPA ss.25, 25.1, 64(1)). - Extends certain consequences to family members and to protected persons seeking permanent residence (IRPA ss.21(2), 42(2)). - Updates the Citizenship Act and Emergencies Act to align with the new sanctions inadmissibility (Citizenship Act s.10.1(4); Emergencies Act clause 30(1)(h)(iii)(A)). ## What it means for you - Households and individuals - If you are under Canadian sanctions or certain international sanctions Canada supports, you are inadmissible (barred from entering or staying) in Canada. This applies to sanctions on states, entities, or specific people (new IRPA s.35.1(1)(a)-(c)). - If the sanction against you ends, the inadmissibility ends (new IRPA s.35.1(2)). - You cannot use humanitarian and compassionate (H&C) requests to overcome sanctions-based inadmissibility for permanent residence (IRPA ss.25(1), 25.1(1)). - If you were accepted as a protected person (refugee protection), you cannot become a permanent resident if you are inadmissible for sanctions (IRPA s.21(2)). - You have no appeal to the Immigration Appeal Division if found inadmissible on sanctions grounds (IRPA s.64(1)). - Immigration officers may arrest or detain you if they reasonably suspect sanctions-based inadmissibility (IRPA ss.55(3)(b), 58(1)(c)). - Families and sponsors - Family inadmissibility rules are updated to include the new sanctions ground. Certain family members can be found inadmissible if the principal person is inadmissible for sanctions, especially if accompanying (IRPA s.42(2)(a)-(b)). - There is no ministerial “national interest” relief for sanctions inadmissibility. That relief remains limited to security (s.34), certain human/international rights violations (s.35(1)(b)), and organized criminality (s.37(1)) (IRPA s.42.1(1)-(2); IRPR s.24.1(1)). - Visitors, students, and workers - Visa or permit applications will be refused if you are on a covered sanctions list at the time of decision (new IRPA s.35.1(1)(a)-(c)). - If a sanction is lifted while your application is pending, the specific bar ends (new IRPA s.35.1(2)). - Permanent residents and citizens - A removal order for sanctions inadmissibility can be issued by the Minister of Public Safety under the Regulations, not the Immigration Division, in defined cases (bill summary; IRPR s.228(1)(f)). - In citizenship revocation cases that involve misrepresentation tied to the new sanctions inadmissibility, the existing proof rule now applies (minister must prove the misrepresentation, not the underlying conduct). The change adds s.35.1 to the list (Citizenship Act s.10.1(4)). - Employers, schools, event organizers - If you plan to invite, hire, host, or partner with a foreign national under a covered sanction, that person will be refused entry or removed (new IRPA s.35.1(1)(a)-(c); IRPR s.228(1)(f)). - Timing - The new sanctions inadmissibility applies on Royal Assent. It also applies to sanctions already in effect on that day, as long as those sanctions are still in force then (Transitional Provision). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - No explicit appropriations or new fees are created in the bill text (Bill text throughout). - Administrative and enforcement costs, if any, are not stated. Data unavailable. - No official fiscal note identified. Data unavailable. ## Proponents' View - Closes gaps by covering person- and entity-based sanctions, not just country sanctions, aligning immigration bars with Canada’s sanctions regimes, including SEMA and the Magnitsky law (new IRPA s.35.1(1)(a)-(c)). - Provides clear off-ramp: inadmissibility ends when the sanction ends, which ties immigration consequences directly to current sanctions status (new IRPA s.35.1(2)). - Speeds enforcement by allowing the Minister of Public Safety to issue a removal order for sanctions inadmissibility, reducing reliance on Immigration Division proceedings (bill summary; IRPR s.228(1)(f)). Assumes quicker case resolution. - Harmonizes related laws so consequences are consistent across immigration detention, appeal limits, family inadmissibility, and citizenship revocation standards (IRPA ss.42, 55, 58, 64; Citizenship Act s.10.1(4)). Assumes improved clarity for officials and courts. - Ensures existing sanctions lists have immediate effect on inadmissibility at Royal Assent (Transitional Provision). Assumes better alignment with foreign policy. ## Opponents' View - Concentrates decision-making by shifting removal order authority to the Minister of Public Safety and eliminating IAD appeals for sanctions inadmissibility (IRPR s.228(1)(f); IRPA s.64(1)). Assumes higher risk of error without the same level of independent review. - Limits discretionary relief by excluding sanctions inadmissibility from H&C and from the ministerial “national interest” relief pathway (IRPA ss.25, 25.1, 42.1; IRPR s.24.1(1)). Assumes harsher outcomes in exceptional cases. - Extends consequences to certain family members via updated family inadmissibility rules (IRPA s.42(2)), which can lead to family separation when a principal is sanctioned. Assumes wide application depending on “accompanying” status. - Ties immigration outcomes to external sanctions that can change quickly, including those made by international bodies Canada supports (new IRPA s.35.1(1)(a)). Assumes potential uncertainty for applicants as lists update. - Implementation and enforcement may require added resources for screening, detention, and removals, but no cost estimates are provided (Data unavailable). Assumes administrative burden without quantified funding.

New Disability Benefit for Working-Age Canadians

## Summary This bill creates the Canada Disability Benefit (CDB), a new federal cash benefit intended to reduce poverty and improve financial security for working-age people with disabilities. The Act sets the purpose and legal framework, but leaves most details—who qualifies, how much is paid, and how often—to future regulations. It requires the government to work with the disability community, report on progress, and allow appeals. It also amends tax law to allow information sharing needed to run the benefit. - Creates a federal benefit for working-age persons with disabilities; eligibility, amount, and payment rules are set by regulation (ss. 4–7, 11(1)(a)–(f)). - Requires considering the Official Poverty Line, extra disability costs, and human rights when setting the benefit amount (s. 11(1.1)). - Allows the benefit to be indexed to inflation through regulations (s. 11(1)(d)). - Protects payments from most creditors and bankruptcy, but allows garnishment for family support orders (s. 9). - Authorizes agreements with provinces/territories that must be made public (s. 8). - Provides for appeals and periodic parliamentary reviews (ss. 7, 14). ## What it means for you - Households (working-age persons with disabilities) - A new federal cash benefit will be available if you meet eligibility rules set in regulations and you apply (ss. 5–6, 11(1)(a), 11(1)(f)). - You may need to provide information and your Social Insurance Number to administer your claim (ss. 6.1, 6.2). - The exact payment amount, frequency, and any inflation increases will be set in regulations, not in the Act (s. 11(1)(c)–(f)). - If you are unable to manage your affairs, a representative can apply and handle appeals on your behalf (s. 11(1)(k)). - If you miss an application deadline, you may still get retroactive payments in some cases set by regulation (s. 11(1)(j)). - Benefit payments cannot be seized by most creditors or in bankruptcy; however, they can be garnished to enforce family support (s. 9). - If you are overpaid, the government can identify and recover debts; penalties can apply for fraud or knowingly false statements (s. 11(1)(o)–(r)). - Workers - The Act aims to reduce work disincentives, but it does not set earnings rules. Any effects on how work income interacts with the benefit will come from regulations (preamble; s. 11(1)(a)–(c)). - Businesses - No direct obligations or compliance duties are created by the Act. - Provinces and territories - The federal Minister can make agreements with provinces/territories to coordinate supports; these agreements must be published (s. 8). - The Act does not require provinces/territories to maintain or change their disability benefits; any interaction depends on future agreements and provincial decisions (s. 8). - Service users and advocates - The Minister must provide meaningful, barrier-free chances for people with disabilities to help design the regulations and must report to Parliament on engagement and regulatory progress (ss. 12–13). - A future appeals body and process will be identified in regulations; decisions on eligibility and amount can be appealed (s. 7; s. 11(1)(i)). - Taxpayers - The Income Tax Act is amended to allow officials to use taxpayer information to administer and evaluate the CDB (ITA s. 241(4)(d)(vii.51)). - Timing - The Act comes into force on a date set by the government, but no later than 1 year after Royal Assent (Coming into Force). - Key regulations needed to start payments must be made within 12 months of the Act coming into force (s. 11(1.2)). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: CAD $6.1 billion over 2024–2029; $1.4 billion per year ongoing (Budget 2024). - The Act itself contains no dollar amounts; it authorizes payments from the Consolidated Revenue Fund (s. 10). - Budget 2024 announced federal funding to implement the CDB. Item | Amount | Frequency | Source --- | --- | --- | --- Federal funding envelope | CAD $6.1 billion | 2024–2029 total | Budget 2024 Ongoing funding | CAD $1.4 billion | Per year | Budget 2024 Maximum annual benefit | CAD $2,400 | Per eligible person | Budget 2024 - Province/territory fiscal effects: Data unavailable. - Administrative costs to run applications, appeals, and compliance: Data unavailable. ## Proponents' View - The CDB targets a group with high poverty rates and aims to reduce poverty among working-age persons with disabilities (purpose; preamble). - When setting the amount, the government must consider the Official Poverty Line, extra disability costs, work barriers, and human rights, which should make the benefit responsive to real needs (s. 11(1.1)). - Regulations can require indexing, helping the benefit keep pace with inflation (s. 11(1)(d)). - A barrier-free application process and required collaboration with the disability community should improve access and design quality (s. 11(1)(f); s. 12). - Protections from seizure and bankruptcy ensure recipients can actually use the benefit for living costs (s. 9). - Regular parliamentary reviews add oversight and a chance to adjust the program over time (s. 14). ## Opponents' View - The law leaves core features—eligibility, amount, indexation, and appeals—to regulations, so there is uncertainty and few guarantees in the statute itself (s. 11(1)). - Implementation could be slow; regulations are only required within 12 months of coming into force, which may delay payments (s. 11(1.2)). - The Act does not prevent provincial/territorial clawbacks; without binding agreements, other programs could reduce their payments, limiting net gains for recipients (s. 8). - Compliance powers (interviews, document demands) and penalties for misstatements may burden applicants and create fear of errors (s. 11(1)(q)–(t)). - Indexation is optional via regulation, not mandated by the Act, so the benefit could lose value if not indexed (s. 11(1)(d)). - The appeals body and process are not defined in the Act, raising risks of complexity or access barriers until regulations are in place (s. 11(1)(i)).

Parliament approves $20.5B in midyear funding

## Summary This bill, Appropriation Act No. 3, 2023–24, authorizes the federal government to spend up to CAD $20,478,605,110 for programs and operations in fiscal year 2023–24 that were not covered in earlier approvals. It implements the items in Supplementary Estimates (A) for that year and applies retroactively to April 1, 2023 (Bill Schedule; Effective date). It also allows transfers of appropriations set out in those Estimates and permits year-end accounting adjustments until the Public Accounts are tabled (Transfers of appropriations; Adjustments in accounts of Canada). - Funds listed grants, contributions, and operating costs across many departments (Schedule). - Largest amounts go to Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs and Indigenous Services (Schedule). - Significant funding goes to Health and the Public Health Agency of Canada (Schedule). - Housing-related payments to CMHC are authorized under the National Housing Act (Schedule). - Air travel security (CATSA), policing (RCMP), and key infrastructure (federal bridges in Quebec) receive funding (Schedule). - All items take effect as of April 1, 2023, for the year ending March 31, 2024 (Effective date). ## What it means for you - Households - Housing supports: CMHC may be reimbursed for loans forgiven, grants, and related losses and costs under the National Housing Act, which helps fund federal housing programs in 2023–24 (Schedule). - Health supports: Health Canada receives funding for grants and contributions, which can be paid as money or goods/services to health-related initiatives in 2023–24 (Schedule). - Indigenous Peoples and communities - Services and community investments: Indigenous Services Canada receives funding for operations, capital, and contributions to support programs and services in First Nations and Inuit communities in 2023–24 (Schedule). - Settlements and community-led initiatives: Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs receives large contributions and operating funds that support agreements, community development, and northern affairs in 2023–24 (Schedule). - Travelers and commuters - Airport security: CATSA receives operating and capital funds that support screening and airport security functions in 2023–24 (Schedule). - Montreal-area infrastructure: The federal bridges corporation receives funds for operating several bridges and related structures and for deconstruction of the original Champlain Bridge in 2023–24 (Schedule). - Workers, students, and researchers - Research funding: NSERC, SSHRC, and CIHR receive additional grant funds that support research awards and projects in 2023–24 (Schedule). - Businesses and regional economies - Regional development: Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency and PacifiCan receive funds for contributions to business and community projects in 2023–24 (Schedule). - Agriculture: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada receives operating, capital, and contribution funds that support sector programs in 2023–24 (Schedule). - Newcomers and service users - Immigration processing and supports: Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada receives operating funds and contributions that support program delivery in 2023–24 (Schedule). - General public - Public safety and health: The RCMP and the Public Health Agency of Canada receive funding that supports operations and contributions in 2023–24 (Schedule). - Federal services continuity: By applying from April 1, 2023, the Act helps avoid service gaps for items in Supplementary Estimates (A) (Effective date). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: CAD $20,478,605,110 (FY2023–2024). - Authorizes payments “not exceeding” $20,478,605,110 from the Consolidated Revenue Fund for 2023–24, matching Supplementary Estimates (A) items (Schedule). - Effective as of April 1, 2023; transfers in the Estimates are deemed authorized as of that date (Transfers of appropriations; Effective date). - Year-end accounting adjustments are allowed until the Public Accounts for 2023–24 are tabled (Adjustments in accounts of Canada). Item | Amount | Frequency | Source --- | --- | --- | --- Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs (ops/capital/contributions) | $8,123,987,464 | One-time (FY2023–24) | Bill Schedule Indigenous Services (ops/capital/contributions) | $4,873,010,738 | One-time (FY2023–24) | Bill Schedule Health Canada (grants and contributions) | $2,630,500,000 | One-time (FY2023–24) | Bill Schedule Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (housing-related reimbursements) | $1,003,722,430 | One-time (FY2023–24) | Bill Schedule Public Health Agency of Canada (ops/contributions) | $547,000,000 | One-time (FY2023–24) | Bill Schedule Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (ops/contributions) | $590,880,038 | One-time (FY2023–24) | Bill Schedule Canadian Air Transport Security Authority (ops/capital) | $468,300,000 | One-time (FY2023–24) | Bill Schedule Royal Canadian Mounted Police (ops/capital/contributions) | $479,584,627 | One-time (FY2023–24) | Bill Schedule Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (ops/capital/contributions) | $527,615,357 | One-time (FY2023–24) | Bill Schedule Public Works and Government Services (ops) | $391,170,931 | One-time (FY2023–24) | Bill Schedule The Jacques-Cartier and Champlain Bridges Inc. | $87,423,475 | One-time (FY2023–24) | Bill Schedule ## Proponents' View - Ensures timely funding for approved 2023–24 needs not covered in prior votes, preventing service disruptions by applying from April 1, 2023 (Effective date; Preamble). - Advances Indigenous services and agreements with major funding: $8.124 billion for Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs and $4.873 billion for Indigenous Services (Schedule). - Supports health system capacity: $2.631 billion for Health Canada grants and contributions, plus $547 million for the Public Health Agency of Canada (Schedule). - Addresses housing pressures through CMHC reimbursements for loans forgiven, grants, and related costs under the National Housing Act, totaling $1.004 billion (Schedule). - Maintains public safety and mobility: $468.3 million for airport security (CATSA), $479.6 million for RCMP programs, and $87.4 million for federal bridges in Quebec (Schedule). - Provides standard tools to manage appropriations and accounting across the fiscal year, including deemed transfers and post-year adjustments, which help accurate Public Accounts (Transfers of appropriations; Adjustments in accounts of Canada). ## Opponents' View - Limited detail in the Act itself: program purposes are broad; most specifics live in Supplementary Estimates (A), reducing line-by-line scrutiny at the bill stage (Schedule). - Size and timing: a $20.48 billion mid-year authorization may strain oversight and delivery before March 31, 2024; all items are time-limited to FY2023–24 (Schedule; Effective date). - Flexible grant authorities: certain votes allow Treasury Board to increase or decrease listed grant amounts (e.g., PHAC and RCMP grants), which some may view as too much discretion (Schedule). - Retroactive effect: deeming provisions back to April 1, 2023, and allowing post-year accounting adjustments until Public Accounts are tabled can make in-year spending less visible to the public (Effective date; Adjustments in accounts of Canada). - Actual fiscal impact is uncertain at passage: appropriations authorize spending “up to” amounts; lapses or underspending are possible, complicating planning and accountability (Schedule).

Authorizes $108B federal spending, 2023–24

## Summary This bill, Appropriation Act No. 2, 2023–24 (C-54), gives the federal government authority to spend up to CAD $108,700,157,669 from the Consolidated Revenue Fund for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2024. It is based on the 2023–24 Main Estimates and covers departments, agencies, Crown corporations, and central votes not otherwise provided for. It also gives two-year spending authority for the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) and the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA). Provisions take effect retroactively on April 1, 2023 (Effective date (2)). - Total granted: $108,700,157,669, made up of $103,446,347,749 (Schedule 1) and $5,253,809,920 (Schedule 2) (Appropriation; Schedule 1; Schedule 2). - Spending is limited to each item’s stated purpose and terms (Purpose of each item (1); Schedules 1–2). - Schedule 2 items (CBSA, CRA) can be paid through March 31, 2025, with specified order-of-payment rules and lapse at the end of the following year (Schedule 2; Order of payment (2)). - Allows post–year-end accounting adjustments before tabling the Public Accounts (Adjustments in accounts — Schedules 1–2). - Major voted funding includes Indigenous Services ($39.459B), National Defence ($24.756B), Employment and Social Development ($11.166B), Crown‑Indigenous Relations ($9.123B), Infrastructure Canada ($7.258B), and Veterans Affairs ($5.938B) (Schedule 1). ## What it means for you - Households - Federal programs and services continue through March 31, 2024, including health protection, public health, immigration processing, veterans’ supports, and benefits delivered by departments funded in Schedule 1 (Schedule 1). - No change to tax rates or benefit eligibility rules is made by this bill. It only authorizes spending for stated purposes (Purpose of each item (1); Schedules 1–2). - Workers (federal public service and Canadian Armed Forces) - Payroll, insurance, and benefit programs for federal employees are funded (Treasury Board “Public Service Insurance” $3,412,149,682; “Paylist Requirements” $600,000,000) (Schedule 1). - National Defence operating and capital funding supports readiness, operations, and approved multi‑year commitments (up to $43,260,566,476 in commitments; $24,755,881,185 in 2023–24 voted funding) (Schedule 1). - Businesses and non-profits - Grants and contributions from Innovation, Science and Economic Development ($5,669,253,399) and regional development agencies (e.g., ACOA $381,259,670; PacifiCan $173,350,011; WD $366,114,492; Quebec’s CED $478,935,859) continue (Schedule 1). - Many departments can re-spend certain service fees to offset costs (authority to expend revenues under the Financial Administration Act s.29.1/29.2 appears in multiple votes) (Schedule 1). - Students, researchers, artists - Research councils are funded (CIHR $1,342,775,077; NSERC $1,311,429,835; SSHRC $1,150,253,297) and cultural institutions continue (Canada Council for the Arts $364,238,813; CBC/Radio‑Canada $1,287,169,435) (Schedule 1). - Travelers and service users - Border services (CBSA $2,490,136,751 across two fiscal years) and airport screening (CATSA $561,429,271) continue (Schedules 1–2). - Passenger rail and ferries continue (VIA Rail $1,233,649,830; Marine Atlantic $189,617,507) (Schedule 1). - Indigenous communities - Indigenous Services Canada ($39,459,213,900) and Crown‑Indigenous Relations ($9,123,285,250, including loans to claimants $25,903,000) fund health, infrastructure, services, and claims processes (Schedule 1). - Provinces, territories, and municipalities - Infrastructure Canada ($7,257,761,402) and Transport Canada ($3,364,123,246) provide contributions for projects, including transit and transportation assets (Schedule 1). - Environment and Climate funding includes contributions and capital for projects and regulatory work ($2,334,075,406) (Schedule 1). - Timing and flexibility - Most items apply to 2023–24 and can be adjusted in the Public Accounts before tabling (Adjustments — Schedule 1). - CBSA and CRA authorities in Schedule 2 can be used until March 31, 2025; any uncharged balance then lapses (Schedule 2; Order of payment (2)). ## Expenses Estimated voted spending authority: CAD $108.700 billion (FY2023–2024), plus $5.254 billion available through March 31, 2025 for select items. - Key figures - Total granted: $108,700,157,669 (Appropriation). - Schedule 1 (single‑year 2023–24): $103,446,347,749 (Schedule 1). - Schedule 2 (two‑year authority): $5,253,809,920, composed of CBSA $2,490,136,751 and CRA $4,514,943,144 (Schedule 2; items and totals). - Effective date: April 1, 2023 (Effective date (2)). - Accounting adjustments allowed after year‑end before Public Accounts are tabled (Adjustments — Schedules 1–2). - Treasury Board Secretariat central votes (Schedule 1) - Government Contingencies: $750,000,000. - Government-wide Initiatives: $71,120,731. - Public Service Insurance: $3,412,149,682. - Operating Budget Carry Forward: $3,000,000,000. - Paylist Requirements: $600,000,000. - Capital Budget Carry Forward: $750,000,000. Selected large voted items (Schedule 1 unless noted) Item | Amount | Frequency | Source ---|---:|---|--- Indigenous Services Canada | 39,459,213,900 | FY2023–24 | Schedule 1 National Defence | 24,755,881,185 | FY2023–24 | Schedule 1 Employment and Social Development | 11,165,612,046 | FY2023–24 | Schedule 1 Crown‑Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs | 9,123,285,250 | FY2023–24 | Schedule 1 Treasury Board Secretariat (central votes total) | 8,896,111,753 | FY2023–24 | Schedule 1 Infrastructure Canada | 7,257,761,402 | FY2023–24 | Schedule 1 Veterans Affairs | 5,937,912,884 | FY2023–24 | Schedule 1 Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation | 5,059,038,048 | FY2023–24 | Schedule 1 Public Health Agency of Canada | 4,157,588,032 | FY2023–24 | Schedule 1 Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship | 4,353,689,964 | FY2023–24 | Schedule 1 Fisheries and Oceans | 3,925,007,260 | FY2023–24 | Schedule 1 Transport Canada | 3,364,123,246 | FY2023–24 | Schedule 1 CBSA (two‑year) | 2,490,136,751 | Thru March 31, 2025 | Schedule 2 CRA (two‑year) | 4,514,943,144 | Thru March 31, 2025 | Schedule 2 ## Proponents' View - Maintains continuity of public services and avoids service interruptions by funding 100+ organizations for 2023–24 (Schedule 1; Preamble). - Advances reconciliation and essential services by funding Indigenous health, infrastructure, and community services ($39.459B to Indigenous Services; $9.123B to Crown‑Indigenous Relations) (Schedule 1). - Supports national defence and readiness, including authority for multi‑year commitments up to $43,260,566,476, with $24,755,881,185 voted in 2023–24 (Schedule 1, National Defence). - Funds public health and health protection (Health $3,919,030,586; PHAC $4,157,588,032) (Schedule 1). - Invests in infrastructure and transportation used by households and businesses (Infrastructure Canada $7,257,761,402; VIA Rail $1,233,649,830; Marine Atlantic $189,617,507) (Schedule 1). - Adds planning flexibility: CBSA and CRA funds can be used through March 31, 2025, reducing year‑end spending pressure (Schedule 2; Order of payment (2)). ## Opponents' View - Oversight concerns: the bill bundles many large items, making detailed scrutiny difficult; Treasury Board “Government Contingencies” can fund new or increased grants mid‑year ($750,000,000) (Schedule 1). - Reduced annual control for certain agencies: Schedule 2 permits spending into the next fiscal year (to March 31, 2025), with balances then lapsing, which may dilute yearly parliamentary review (Schedule 2; Order of payment (2)). - Central carry‑forwards shift funds between years (Operating $3,000,000,000; Capital $750,000,000), complicating transparency about when programs actually spend (Schedule 1). - Many votes allow departments to re‑spend revenues (Financial Administration Act s.29.1/29.2), which can make net costs harder to track across organizations (multiple items, Schedule 1). - Post‑year‑end accounting adjustments are allowed before the Public Accounts are tabled, which can limit timely visibility into final spending by program (Adjustments — Schedules 1–2). - Program‑level impacts are not detailed in the act; it provides spending authority but not outcome metrics or performance targets (Purpose of each item (1); Schedules 1–2).

Tougher Sentences for Pregnant Victim Harm

## Summary This bill would change the Criminal Code to make pregnancy an explicit aggravating factor at sentencing. It does not create new crimes. It tells judges to consider tougher sentences when an offender abuses someone they knew was pregnant, or when a pregnant victim suffers physical or emotional harm from the offence (Bill, amending Criminal Code s.718.2(a)(ii.2)-(ii.3)). - Judges must treat two facts as aggravating: the offender knew the victim was pregnant and abused her; or the offence caused physical or emotional harm to a pregnant victim (Bill, s.718.2(a)(ii.2)-(ii.3)). - The change applies at sentencing for any offence; it does not change guilt or innocence (Criminal Code s.718, s.718.2). - “Emotional harm” is not defined in the bill; courts would interpret it (Bill text). - The bill does not address medical procedures and does not create a separate offence related to pregnancy (Bill text). - If enacted, it would apply to sentences imposed after it becomes law (general rule on coming-into-force; Bill has no special date clause). ## What it means for you - Households and pregnant people: - If you are pregnant and are the victim of a crime, the prosecutor can ask the judge to treat this as an aggravating factor. This can lead to a tougher sentence within the legal range (Bill, s.718.2(a)(ii.2)-(ii.3)). - The court may consider emotional harm (such as fear, anxiety, or trauma) as well as physical harm. The bill does not define “emotional harm” (Bill text). - Defendants: - If convicted of a crime where you abused someone you knew to be pregnant, the judge must treat that as aggravating at sentencing (s.718.2(a)(ii.2)). - Even if you did not know the person was pregnant, if the offence caused physical or emotional harm to a pregnant victim, that is also an aggravating factor (s.718.2(a)(ii.3)). - These factors can affect plea talks and may result in longer sentences within existing limits. - Prosecutors and defense counsel: - Prosecutors would present evidence that the victim was pregnant and, for subparagraph (ii.2), that the offender knew it. They may also present evidence of emotional or physical harm (s.718.2(a)(ii.2)-(ii.3)). - Defense counsel may contest knowledge and the scope of “emotional harm,” which is undefined (Bill text). - Judges and courts: - Judges must state how they considered these aggravating factors when they apply (Criminal Code s.718.2). - Corrections systems (provincial/territorial and federal): - If judges impose longer sentences due to these factors, custody time could increase. Data unavailable. ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - No appropriations, new programs, or fees are created in the bill (Bill text). - Canada does not publish a fiscal note for this private member’s bill. Data unavailable. - Any cost effects (for example, from longer average sentences) depend on judicial decisions and case mix. Data unavailable. ## Proponents' View - It denounces and deters violence against pregnant women by making pregnancy an explicit aggravating factor in law (Preamble; s.718.2(a)(ii.2)-(ii.3)). - It ensures consistent consideration across courts, reducing gaps where pregnancy might be overlooked at sentencing (s.718.2(a)(ii.2)-(ii.3)). - It recognizes both physical and emotional harm, reflecting real impacts on pregnant victims (s.718.2(a)(ii.3)). - It targets sentencing only and does not create new offences or change abortion law (Bill text). - The knowledge requirement in subparagraph (ii.2) focuses on cases where the offender knew of the pregnancy, aiming to avoid unfairness (s.718.2(a)(ii.2)). ## Opponents' View - Redundant: judges can already consider pregnancy-related harm under existing sentencing principles that account for the gravity and circumstances of the offence (Criminal Code s.718, s.718.2). - Vague drafting: “emotional harm” is undefined, which could lead to inconsistent rulings and more appeals (Bill, s.718.2(a)(ii.3)). - Fairness concern: the second aggravator does not require that the offender knew of the pregnancy, yet could still increase the sentence (Bill, s.718.2(a)(ii.3)). - Implementation risk: added litigation to prove knowledge of pregnancy and to delimit “emotional harm” could lengthen proceedings; no estimate of impacts (Data unavailable). - Cost concern: if sentences increase on average, incarceration costs could rise without clear evidence of deterrence benefits; no fiscal estimate (Data unavailable).

Food Day in Canada each August

## Summary This bill designates the Saturday before the first Monday in August each year as “Food Day in Canada.” It is a symbolic recognition day. The bill creates no programs, funding, or legal duties beyond naming the day (Section 2). It includes a short title clause (Short Title) and a preamble that states the purpose (Preamble). - Establishes a recurring national day called “Food Day in Canada” (Section 2). - Does not create a statutory holiday, paid leave, or required closures (Sections 1–2). - No new regulations, taxes, or fees (Sections 1–2). - Purpose is to celebrate local food and support connections from farms to tables (Preamble). ## What it means for you - Households: - A new annual day to celebrate Canadian food on the Saturday before the first Monday in August (Section 2). - No automatic day off or service closures required by this Act (Sections 1–2). - Workers: - No new paid holiday or overtime rules are created by this Act (Sections 1–2). - Work schedules are unchanged unless your employer chooses to mark the day. - Businesses (farms, food producers, restaurants, retailers, markets): - May choose to run promotions or events tied to “Food Day in Canada,” but nothing is required (Section 2). - No reporting, certification, or labeling requirements are added (Sections 1–2). - Local governments and community groups: - May host events or campaigns if they wish, but there is no mandate to do so (Sections 1–2). - No new compliance or enforcement duties (Sections 1–2). - Schools and public institutions: - No curriculum or program requirements; any observance would be voluntary (Sections 1–2). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable (no appropriations or mandates in bill text). - No explicit appropriations in the Act (Sections 1–2). - No tax, fee, or revenue changes (Sections 1–2). - No new programs, staffing, or enforcement duties (Sections 1–2). - Any promotional activities would be optional and are not required by the Act (Sections 1–2). ## Proponents' View - Encourages Canadians to celebrate local food, which the preamble links to social, environmental, and economic well-being (Preamble). - Signals support for local farmers and a sustainable food system without adding regulatory burden (Preamble; Sections 1–2). - Creates a clear, recurring national focal point to connect farms and tables, which may help awareness and participation (Section 2; Preamble). - Low implementation complexity and no new compliance costs because it only designates a day (Sections 1–2). - Aligns with the idea that food safety and security are tied to national sovereignty, raising public attention to the food system (Preamble). ## Opponents' View - Symbolic only; the Act sets a name for a day but does not fund programs or change policy on food security, farm supports, or affordability (Sections 1–2). - No measurable targets, reporting, or evaluation requirements, so outcomes may be unclear (Sections 1–2). - Could cause public confusion if people assume it is a statutory holiday, since the Act does not create any leave or closure requirements (Section 2). - Opportunity cost: parliamentary time spent on designation rather than on substantive food system reforms (Sections 1–2). - Any public promotion by governments or institutions would be optional and unfunded in the Act, leading to uneven observance across regions (Sections 1–2).

Citizenship restored for some born abroad

## Summary This bill changes the Citizenship Act to restore or confirm Canadian citizenship for a narrow group of people born outside Canada who lost it — or would have lost it — because of an old “age 28 retention” rule that existed before April 17, 2009. It also clarifies that people who were already citizens on June 11, 2015 keep that status, and updates a regulation-making reference. The bill does not change the general “first-generation born abroad” limit introduced in 2009. - Restores citizenship to people whose retention applications were refused under the pre‑2009 rule (Citizenship Act s.3(1)(f)(iii), as amended). - Recognizes as citizens people born outside Canada after February 14, 1977 who would be citizens if they had applied to retain under the pre‑2009 rule (s.3(1)(g.1), new). - Confirms that the “second‑generation born abroad” limit does not strip citizenship from anyone who was a citizen on June 11, 2015 (s.3(4), replaced). - Aligns regulation‑making authority to cover the new category (s.27(1)(j.1)(i), amended). ## What it means for you - Households - If you or a family member were born outside Canada after February 14, 1977 and lost citizenship at age 28 for not meeting the old retention rule, you would be recognized as a citizen in law once this bill takes effect (s.3(1)(f)(iii), as amended; s.3(1)(g.1), new). - If you applied to retain citizenship under the old rule and your application was refused, you would be recognized as a citizen in law (s.3(1)(f)(iii), as amended). - To use rights (passport, vote), you would still need to get proof of citizenship and then apply for a passport through normal processes. The bill does not set procedures or fees (Data unavailable in bill text). - Workers - If you regain citizenship under this bill, you can work in Canada without a work permit and access rights reserved for citizens (recognition under s.3(1), as amended). - Businesses - No direct compliance changes. Some employers may see new hires who can work as citizens. No new reporting or fees (bill text). - Local and provincial governments - No new mandates in the bill text. Service agencies may see more proof‑of‑citizenship and ID updates (Data unavailable). - Service users - People recognized under this bill would be eligible for federal and provincial services that require citizenship, subject to other program rules (recognition under s.3(1), as amended). - Timing - The bill does not state a specific coming‑into‑force date. It takes effect on the date it comes into force (bill text). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - No appropriations, taxes, or fees are created in the bill text. - Likely costs are administrative (processing proof‑of‑citizenship and passports), but no official fiscal note was identified (Data unavailable). - Regulation updates may be needed to reflect the new category (s.27(1)(j.1)(i), amended). ## Proponents' View - Fixes a narrow historical gap from the pre‑2009 “age 28 retention” rule by restoring status to people refused under that rule (s.3(1)(f)(iii), as amended). - Gives citizenship to people who would have kept it if they had applied under the old rule, addressing a procedural trap rather than changing today’s general rules (s.3(1)(g.1), new). - Protects continuity for existing citizens by making clear the “second‑generation born abroad” limit does not remove citizenship from anyone who had it on June 11, 2015 (s.3(4), replaced). - Limited scope reduces cost and implementation risk because it targets a defined cohort born after February 14, 1977 and tied to the pre‑2009 rule (s.3(1)(g.1), new). - Aligns regulation‑making powers so the department can verify and document status for the affected group (s.27(1)(j.1)(i), amended). ## Opponents' View - Creates retroactive recognition that may be complex to administer; departments must verify old facts about births and parent citizenship decades later (s.3(1)(f)(iii) and s.3(1)(g.1)). - May increase workloads for proof‑of‑citizenship and passport processing without added resources, risking longer wait times (Data unavailable). - Could cause confusion about who qualifies, since the bill refers to a repealed rule and specific past dates, requiring clear guidance and updated regulations (s.3(1)(g.1); s.27(1)(j.1)(i)). - Does not address other “lost Canadian” situations or the broader “first‑generation born abroad” limit, which may leave similar cases unresolved (s.3(3) unchanged; s.3(4) only preserves 2015 citizens).

New Rules Strengthen French Language Rights

## Summary Bill C-13 updates the Official Languages Act and creates a new law for the use of French in federally regulated private businesses. It aims to protect and promote French, strengthen services and work rights in both English and French, and improve oversight and enforcement. Many parts took effect on June 20, 2024, with others scheduled for June 20, 2025, or by order of the Governor in Council. - Expands rights to receive federally regulated private services in French in Quebec, and later in regions with a strong francophone presence (Part 2, s. 7(1)). - Gives employees in federally regulated private businesses in Quebec the right to work and be supervised in French, get key documents in French, and see job ads in French (Part 2, s. 9(1)–(2.1)). - Strengthens federal oversight, audits, and reporting by the Treasury Board; adds order-making powers and administrative monetary penalties in limited cases (Part 1, s. 46(3); Administrative Monetary Penalties, max $25,000). - Requires federal courts’ precedential decisions to be available simultaneously in both languages; confirms equal access to justice in both languages (Part 1, s. 20(1)(a.1), 20(2)). - Mandates a francophone immigration policy with targets and indicators (Part 1, s. 44(1)–(2)). - Phased-in dates and transitional rules; some powers begin only when set by order (Coming into Force; Part 2, transitional clauses). ## What it means for you - Households and consumers - In Quebec: You have the right to communicate and receive available services in French from federally regulated private businesses (banks, airlines, telecoms, etc.), without losing the option to use English if offered (Part 2, s. 7(1), 7(3), 8). - Outside Quebec: The same right will later apply in “regions with a strong francophone presence,” to be defined by regulation (Part 2, amendments to s. 4, 7(1), 33(1)(b), 33(2.1)). - Complaints: You can complain to the Commissioner of Official Languages about service in French from these businesses (Part 2, s. 16–17). - Workers in federally regulated private businesses (FRPBs) - In Quebec: You have the right to work and be supervised in French; to receive key employment documents and communications in French; and to use common tools and systems in French (Part 2, s. 9(1)–(2)). - Job postings assigned to Quebec workplaces must be published in French at the same time as any posting in another language, using similar channels and reach (Part 2, s. 9(2.1)). - Employers must take measures to foster the use of French at work (e.g., a committee and programs to generalize French use) and cannot treat you adversely for asserting language rights (Part 2, s. 10(1)–(1.1), 11(1), 11(6)–(8)). - Limits: Individual contracts can be in another language if you agree (with safeguards), and employers may require another language only if it is objectively needed for the job and certain steps are taken (Part 2, s. 9(4)–(6); 11(3)–(4)). - Remedies: You can complain to the Commissioner; in some cases, the Canada Industrial Relations Board can order reinstatement or compensation (Part 2, s. 18–28). - Employees of federal institutions - You have the right to use English or French at work where prescribed; managers in certain roles need the ability to communicate in both languages; deputy ministers must take language training (Part 1, s. 34–36). - New rule that employees must be supervised in their chosen official language takes effect on June 20, 2025, with acquired-rights protections (Part 1, s. 36(1)(c)(ii), 36(3); Coming into Force). - Federal institutions must consider and mitigate negative impacts on official language communities when making structuring decisions and include language clauses in certain federal–provincial agreements (Part 1, s. 41(7)–(10.4)). - Travelling public - Federal courts’ final decisions with precedential value must be available simultaneously in both languages, supporting clarity of rights (Part 1, s. 20(1)(a.1)). - Certain designated transportation sector corporations serving the travelling public can face administrative monetary penalties up to $25,000 per violation for Part IV service failures (regulations define scope) (Part 1, Administrative Monetary Penalties). - Community organizations, schools, and local governments - Federal institutions have a duty to take “positive measures” to enhance the vitality of English and French minority communities and to publish certain agreements that include official languages clauses, subject to access-to-information limits (Part 1, s. 41(5)–(10.4)). - Disposal of surplus federal property must consider minority-language community needs, with consultations (Part 1, disposal strategy clauses). - Immigrants and prospective immigrants - The Minister of Citizenship and Immigration must adopt a policy on francophone immigration, including objectives, targets, indicators, and reporting (Part 1, s. 44(1)–(2)). - Timing - Many provisions took effect on June 20, 2024 (first anniversary of Royal Assent). Some take effect on June 20, 2025 (second anniversary). Others start on dates set by order, including certain enforcement powers for FRPB complaints (Coming into Force; Part 2 transitional clauses). ## Expenses - Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - Fiscal information - The bill includes a Royal Recommendation (permission to spend) but does not state dollar amounts. It creates new duties for the Treasury Board, the Commissioner of Official Languages, and the Canada Industrial Relations Board, which imply ongoing administrative costs (Part 1, s. 46(3); Part 2, amendments to Canada Labour Code). - New enforcement tools include orders and administrative monetary penalties; penalty revenues, if any, are remitted to the Receiver General (Part 1, AMPs, debt and Receiver General provisions). - Private-sector compliance costs (e.g., bilingual communications, translation, committees, job posting rules) will vary by firm size and sector. Data unavailable. ## Proponents' View - Enhances French where it is most at risk by creating enforceable consumer and workplace rights in Quebec and later in francophone regions, while allowing service in English when offered (Part 2, s. 7(1), 7(3), 9(1)). - Moves from intent to accountability: Treasury Board must set policies, audit institutions, and report annually; the Commissioner can make orders and use penalties in defined cases (Part 1, s. 46(3); s. 64.5; AMPs max $25,000). - Improves access to justice: federal courts’ precedential decisions must be available at the same time in both languages, reducing delays or uncertainty (Part 1, s. 20(1)(a.1)). - Requires a francophone immigration policy with targets and indicators, addressing the decline in the demographic weight of French communities (Part 1, s. 44(1)–(2); preamble commitments). - Strengthens “positive measures” and transparency for federal–provincial agreements, supporting minority-language education, culture, health, justice, employment, and immigration sectors (Part 1, s. 41(6)(c), 41(7)–(10.4)). - Clarifies that obligations apply at all times, including during emergencies, helping prevent service gaps (Preamble; Part 1 general clauses). ## Opponents' View - Compliance burden on businesses: FRPBs must translate documents, run French-use committees, and publish job ads in French; costs may be high for smaller firms once thresholds are set (Part 2, s. 9–11, 33(1)(a)–(b)). Data unavailable. - Overlap and complexity with Quebec’s Charter of the French Language; firms must choose which regime applies in Quebec and follow notice rules, creating legal uncertainty (Part 2, s. 6(1)–(2)). - Unclear scope outside Quebec until “regions with a strong francophone presence” are defined by regulation, increasing planning risk for employers and consumers (Part 2, amendments to s. 4, 7(1), 9(1), 33(1)(b), 33(2.1)). - Enforcement is uneven: AMPs apply only to designated transportation sector bodies serving the travelling public; other sectors rely on orders or negotiated compliance, which may reduce deterrence (Part 1, AMPs application and regulations). - Implementation risk: Many provisions start by order of the Governor in Council; some Commissioner powers for FRPB complaints are delayed by transitional clauses, which could slow early enforcement (Part 2, transitional clauses; Coming into Force). - Federal institutions face broader duties to assess and mitigate negative impacts on language communities and to include language clauses in agreements, which may complicate negotiations with provinces and territories (Part 1, s. 41(7)(a.1), (8)–(10.4)).

Allows Aid Work in Terrorist-Controlled Zones

## Summary Bill C-41 changes the Criminal Code to let the Public Safety Minister authorize Canadians to do certain aid and support work in areas controlled by terrorist groups. It also adds a clear humanitarian exception and sets rules for applications, security reviews, reporting, and oversight. Related laws are amended to allow limited information-sharing for security reviews and to update police powers tied to the renamed offences. - Creates an authorization system for work on health, education, livelihoods, human rights, immigration/resettlement, and support to federal operations in areas controlled by terrorist groups (s.83.032(1)-(2)). - Adds a humanitarian exception for impartial humanitarian organizations that use reasonable efforts to minimize any benefit to terrorist groups (s.83.03(4)). - Keeps and clarifies criminal offences for providing money or services for terrorist purposes or to benefit a terrorist group, with a maximum 10-year sentence (s.83.03(1)-(2)). - Requires ministerial referrals, security reviews, and allows terms, conditions, renewal, suspension, and revocation of authorizations (s.83.032(5)-(12), (14); s.83.035–83.037). - Allows specific agencies to assist with administration and information-sharing, and sets special judicial review rules that protect sensitive information (s.83.038; s.83.0391(2)). - Requires annual public reporting on application volumes and periodic comprehensive reviews (s.83.0391(1)-(3)). ## What it means for you - Households and communities - The law still makes it a crime to provide money or services for terrorist purposes or knowing they will be used by or benefit a terrorist group; penalties can be up to 10 years in prison (s.83.03(1)-(2)). - If you seek help from Canadian charities in conflict zones, those groups may be able to operate with an authorization, or under the humanitarian exception if they qualify (s.83.032(1); s.83.03(4)). - Charities and NGOs - You may apply for an authorization to operate in an area controlled by a terrorist group for listed purposes like health, education, livelihoods, human rights, and immigration/resettlement (s.83.032(1)). - Applications must be referred to the Public Safety Minister by the Foreign Affairs Minister and/or the Immigration Minister, depending on purpose (s.83.032(5)-(6)). - To be referred, you must show the area is controlled by a terrorist group, the activity meets a real and important need, and you can manage funds transparently in high-risk settings (s.83.032(6)(a)-(e)). - The Public Safety Minister runs a security review, can set terms and conditions, and can suspend, revoke, or restrict the authorization. Authorizations can last up to 5 years and be renewed (s.83.032(10)-(12), (14); s.83.035–83.037). - The authorization can cover third parties you use (e.g., vendors, transporters), not only your staff (s.83.032(13)). - Impartial humanitarian organizations may rely on the humanitarian exception if their sole purpose is humanitarian assistance and they use reasonable efforts to minimize any benefit to terrorist groups (s.83.03(4)). - Businesses and contractors - If you support an authorized project in a controlled area (e.g., logistics, banking, telecom), you can be covered as a third party under the authorization, subject to its conditions (s.83.032(13)). - It remains a criminal offence to knowingly provide money or services that will be used by or benefit a terrorist group, unless covered by an authorization or the humanitarian exception (s.83.03(2)-(4)). - Financial institutions and professionals - You may be asked to support authorized activities and comply with authorization conditions, including reporting on fund flows and controls (s.83.032(12)). - Police can seek court orders to intercept private communications when investigating these offences, as they are listed in the wiretap section of the Code (s.183(a)(xii.2), (xii.21)). - Privacy and data use - During security reviews, specified federal bodies (e.g., CSIS, RCMP, CSE, DND/CAF, Global Affairs, CRA, CBSA, IRCC) may collect and share information only for administering and enforcing this regime (s.83.038(1)-(2)). - Tax and excise information may be shared with officials for a security review if it is reasonably relevant (Income Tax Act s.241(4)(d)(xxiii); Excise Tax Act s.295(5)(d)(xiv); Excise Act, 2001 s.211(6)(e)(xv)). - Applicants and legal process - If refused, you must receive notice within a reasonable time. You must wait 30 days to reapply unless there is a material change; in limited cases a new application can proceed without a fresh referral (s.83.033(1)-(3)). - On judicial review, a judge can consider secret evidence in closed hearings and provide you only a summary that protects national security and safety; an amicus curiae (independent lawyer) may assist the court (s.83.0391(2)(a)-(e), (a.1)). - Transparency and oversight - The Public Safety Minister must publish an annual report with the number of applications made, approved, and refused, and conduct a comprehensive review after 1 year and every 5 years, including plans to fix any problems (s.83.0391(1)-(3)). ## Expenses - Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - Key points: - No explicit appropriations, fees, or revenue changes in the bill text (Data unavailable). - Administration will involve multiple departments and agencies for reviews and reporting, but no official cost estimate is provided in public sources (Data unavailable). ## Proponents' View - Enables life-saving and essential services in crisis zones while managing risk, by allowing authorizations for health, education, livelihoods, human rights, immigration/resettlement, and support to federal operations (s.83.032(1)). - Reduces the chilling effect on aid by adding a clear humanitarian exception for impartial humanitarian organizations using reasonable efforts to minimize benefits to terrorist groups (s.83.03(4)). - Builds in safeguards: ministerial referrals, security reviews, conditions, coverage of third parties, 5-year limits, suspension/revocation powers (s.83.032(5)-(12), (13)-(14); s.83.037). - Improves clarity for applicants with a duty on the Minister to say if an authorization is needed for a specific area and activity (s.83.032(2.1)). - Aligns with UN sanctions; activities benefiting listed entities can be authorized only with confirmation from the Foreign Affairs Minister that international law allows it (s.83.032(15)). - Provides transparency and accountability through annual public reporting and scheduled comprehensive reviews with corrective plans (s.83.0391(1)-(3)). ## Opponents' View - Process may be slow and complex, delaying urgent aid: multi-minister referrals, detailed applications, security reviews, and a 30-day wait after refusals unless circumstances change (s.83.032(5)-(11); s.83.033(2)). - Privacy risks: broad set of agencies can share information, including tax and excise data, for security reviews; although limited to what is reasonably relevant, the scope may still be intrusive (s.83.038(1)-(2); Income Tax Act s.241(4)(d)(xxiii)). - The “control” test may capture areas where benefits to a terrorist group are indirect, raising compliance burdens for legitimate programs (s.83.032(2)). - Authorizations are not statutory instruments, so they are not published like regulations, which may reduce transparency of conditions and decisions (s.83.032(16)). - Judicial review relies on secret evidence and summaries, which may limit an applicant’s ability to fully challenge a refusal (s.83.0391(2)(a)-(e)). - No explicit statutory timelines for approvals beyond “reasonable time” for refusal notices, creating uncertainty for planning and deployment (s.83.033(1)).

Canada Recognizes International Mother Language Day

## Summary This bill designates February 21 of every year as International Mother Language Day across Canada. It recognizes Canada’s linguistic diversity and aligns with a UNESCO day noted by the United Nations. The bill states the day is not a legal holiday and does not change work, school, or business schedules (Not a legal holiday clause). - Names February 21 as International Mother Language Day across Canada (International Mother Language Day clause). - Affirms Canada’s many languages, including more than 60 Aboriginal languages (Preamble). - Aligns with UNESCO’s 1999 proclamation and a 2007 UN General Assembly call to protect languages (Preamble). - Does not create a statutory holiday or non-juridical day (Not a legal holiday clause). - Imposes no programs, mandates, or reporting requirements (Bill text). ## What it means for you - Households: - The day is recognized nationally. It does not provide a day off or change benefits (Not a legal holiday clause). - The Act does not require any action by residents (Bill text). - Workers: - No paid holiday, overtime change, or scheduling rule changes result from this Act (Not a legal holiday clause). - Businesses: - No closure requirements or labor rule changes apply. Normal operations continue on February 21 (Not a legal holiday clause). - Schools and universities: - The Act does not mandate programs, events, or schedule changes. Education calendars remain under provincial or institutional control (Bill text). - Local and provincial governments: - No required observances or spending. Provinces and cities that already recognize the day may continue to do so (Preamble; Bill text). - Federal institutions: - The Act designates the day but does not require federal departments to run programs or issue reports (Bill text). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - Explicit appropriations in the bill: None (Bill text). - New mandates on governments, schools, or businesses: None (Bill text). - Fee or revenue changes: None (Bill text). - Official fiscal note: No publicly available information. - Notes: The Act expressly does not create a legal holiday (Not a legal holiday clause). ## Proponents' View - It recognizes and affirms Canada’s linguistic diversity, including more than 60 Aboriginal languages, which supports cultural inclusion (Preamble). - It aligns Canada with UNESCO’s 1999 proclamation and the 2007 UN General Assembly call to preserve and protect languages (Preamble). - It provides a clear national date for voluntary observance, which proponents say can raise awareness at minimal cost because it is not a legal holiday (Not a legal holiday clause; assumption about awareness effects). - It complements existing provincial and municipal recognitions, creating a consistent national signal without imposing mandates (Preamble; Bill text). ## Opponents' View - The bill is symbolic only; it creates no programs, funding, or legal rights, so practical impact may be limited (Bill text). - Without dedicated resources, opponents argue the designation is unlikely by itself to preserve or revitalize languages (assumption; no funding in Bill text). - There is a risk of public confusion about whether the day is a holiday, despite the clause stating it is not a legal holiday (Not a legal holiday clause; assumption about public understanding). - Federal designation does not change provincial or local control over schools or services, so outcomes may vary widely and remain unchanged in many places (Bill text).

Canada Bans Child Labour Goods, Requires Reports

## Summary This bill creates the Fighting Against Forced Labour and Child Labour in Supply Chains Act and amends the Customs Tariff. It requires certain federal institutions and large or listed companies to publish yearly reports on steps they take to prevent forced or child labour in their goods and supply chains. It also expands Canada’s import ban to include goods made in whole or in part with child labour, not only forced labour. - Annual public reports due by May 31 each year from covered federal institutions and entities (Part 1 s.6; Part 2 s.11). - Who must report: entities listed on a Canadian stock exchange or meeting size tests, and those that import, produce, sell, or distribute goods, or control such entities (s.2 “entity”; Part 2 s.9–10). - Reports must cover policies, risks, actions, training, and how effectiveness is assessed (Part 1 s.6(2); Part 2 s.11(3)). - Reports must be posted on the organization’s website; the Minister will also post all reports in a public registry (Part 1 s.8; Part 2 s.13(1); Part 3 s.20). - Inspectors can verify compliance; the Minister may order corrective action; fines up to CAD $250,000 per offence for non-compliance or false statements (Part 2 s.15, s.18–19). - Customs Tariff now also bans imports made with child labour, in addition to forced labour (Part 4). ## What it means for you - Households - You can read public reports about companies’ efforts to prevent forced and child labour in their supply chains (Part 3 s.20). - The Minister will table an annual summary in Parliament by September 30, which will also be posted online (Part 3 s.22). - Workers - Covered employers must report on employee training about forced and child labour (Part 1 s.6(2)(f); Part 2 s.11(3)(f)). - The law does not mandate new workplace standards beyond reporting; it requires disclosure of steps taken, if any (Part 1 s.6; Part 2 s.11). - Businesses (producers, sellers, distributors, and importers of goods) - If you are listed on a Canadian exchange or meet at least two of these in a recent year—assets of at least CAD $20,000,000, revenue of at least CAD $40,000,000, or an average of at least 250 employees—you must file an annual report by May 31 (s.2 “entity”; Part 2 s.11(1), s.11(3)(a)–(g)). - Parent companies must report if they control covered entities; control can be direct or indirect (Part 2 s.10; Part 3 s.21(b)). - Reports must be approved by the governing body and signed by a board member; joint reports are allowed (Part 2 s.11(4)–(5)). - You must post the report prominently on your website and, if federally incorporated, send it to each shareholder with annual financial statements (Part 2 s.13(1)–(2)). - Inspectors may enter business premises (not private homes without a warrant), review documents and data, and require assistance (Part 2 s.15–16). - Non-compliance, obstruction, or knowingly false statements can lead to fines up to $250,000; directors and officers can be personally liable (Part 2 s.17, s.19). - Federal government institutions - If you produce, purchase, or distribute goods, you must file an annual report by May 31 covering policies, risk areas, remediation steps, training, and effectiveness measures (Part 1 s.6(1)–(2)). - You must post the report on your website (Part 1 s.8). - Provincial, territorial, and municipal governments - The Act binds the Crown in right of Canada and of a province (s.4), but the specific “government institution” reporting duty uses the federal Access to Information Act definition, which applies to federal bodies (Part 1 s.3; s.2 “government institution”). - Importers and retailers - Goods mined, made, or produced in whole or in part with child labour, as defined in the Act, are now also prohibited from import, alongside forced labour goods (Part 4; Customs Tariff s.132(1)(m)(i.1); tariff item 9897.00.00). - Timing - Reports are due annually by May 31 (Part 1 s.6; Part 2 s.11). - The Act comes into force on January 1 of the year after Royal Assent (Part 5). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - No fiscal note was published. Data unavailable. - The Act does not include a direct appropriation; administration costs for inspections, the registry, and annual ministerial reporting are not specified. Data unavailable. - Maximum penalties: up to CAD $250,000 per offence for non-compliance or knowingly false/misleading statements (Part 2 s.19). - Compliance costs for entities (e.g., preparing reports, approvals, website posting, shareholder mailings) are not estimated in the Act. Data unavailable. - Customs enforcement resource needs to apply the expanded import ban are not stated. Data unavailable. ## Proponents' View - Improves transparency by requiring detailed, public annual reports on policies, risks, actions, training, and effectiveness across supply chains (Part 1 s.6(2); Part 2 s.11(3)). - Extends Canada’s import ban to cover child labour as well as forced labour, closing a gap in border controls (Part 4; tariff item 9897.00.00). - Increases accountability: board-level approval and signatures are required; reports must be sent to shareholders for federally incorporated companies (Part 2 s.11(4)–(5), s.13(2)). - Enables enforcement: inspection powers, corrective orders, and fines up to $250,000, with liability for directors and officers (Part 2 s.15, s.18–19). - Creates a public registry and an annual ministerial report to Parliament, making it easier to compare organizations and track progress (Part 3 s.20, s.22). - Aligns with Canada’s commitments under core International Labour Organization conventions by targeting forced and child labour risks (Preamble; Purpose s.3). ## Opponents' View - Reporting-only model: the Act requires disclosure of steps taken but does not mandate due diligence standards or outcomes; firms could comply with minimal action if they report it (Part 2 s.11(1), s.11(3)). - Penalties may be too low to deter large firms; the maximum fine of $250,000 per offence may not scale with company size (Part 2 s.19). - Scope and definitions may create uncertainty until regulations clarify “control” and any prescribed entities (Part 2 s.10; Part 3 s.21(b), (c)). - Enforcement capacity risk: inspections, registry management, and import enforcement are required, but the Act sets no resources or service standards (Part 2 s.15; Part 3 s.20; Part 4). Data unavailable. - Compliance burden for mid-sized entities meeting the thresholds may be significant (board approvals, website publication, shareholder mailings), yet the Act provides no streamlined pathway or safe harbor (s.2 “entity”; Part 2 s.11(4)–(6), s.13(2)). - Potential unintended effects in supply chains if companies end relationships without remediation; the Act asks entities to report any measures to remediate loss of income for vulnerable families, but it does not require such measures (Part 2 s.11(3)(e)).

Streaming Platforms Face Canadian Content Duties

## Summary The Online Streaming Act (Bill C-11) updates the Broadcasting Act to include online streaming services as part of Canada’s broadcasting system. It gives the CRTC new tools to set conditions, require contributions to Canadian content, and ensure people can find Canadian programs, while stating that individual users’ uploads on social media are generally outside the Act. Most provisions are in force; some take effect through later CRTC orders and regulations and, for certain clauses, by order in council (Coming into Force). - Brings “online undertakings” (streaming over the Internet) into the Act as a class of broadcasting undertakings (s.2(1), “online undertaking”). - Lets the CRTC impose conditions by order (not just through licences) and require platforms to support Canadian programming through spending (“expenditures”) (s.9.1, s.11.1). - States the Act does not apply to user-uploaded programs on social media, except if prescribed by regulation under clear factors (s.4.1, s.4.2). - Directs the system to support French-language and Indigenous programming, official language minority communities, accessibility, and diverse creators (s.3(1), s.5(2)). - Adds discoverability obligations for online services, without allowing the CRTC to require a specific algorithm or source code (s.9.1(1)(e), s.9.1(8)). - Creates administrative monetary penalties (up to $10 million for a first corporate violation) and sets offence fines for non-compliance (Part II.2; s.32–34.3). ## What it means for you - Households - You will likely see more Canadian programming highlighted or recommended on streaming services after the CRTC issues orders on “showcasing” and discoverability (timelines set by CRTC proceedings) (s.9.1(1)(e), s.18(2)(b), s.9.1(4)-(5)). - Accessibility features (like closed captioning and described video) are reinforced as system goals; CRTC can set related conditions (in effect as orders are made) (s.3(1)(p), (p.1); s.9.1(1)(k)). - Creators and producers (including Indigenous, French-language, OLMC, and racialized creators) - More funding opportunities may flow from required “expenditures” by platforms to develop, produce, or promote Canadian programs; amounts and rules will be set by CRTC regulations and orders (phased in) (s.11.1(1), (2), (6)). - The Act prioritizes French-language originals and Indigenous-language content; CRTC must set a minimum share for original French programs where services offer both languages (in effect as regulations/orders are made) (s.3(1)(iii.2), (q), (r); s.11.1(3)). - Community media and diverse voices are recognized in policy, which the CRTC must consider in its decisions (now in force) (s.3(1)(iii)-(iii.7), (s)). - Online streaming platforms and social media services - If you operate in Canada, you come under the Act as an “online undertaking” (now in force) (s.2(1), s.31.1(2)). - You may have to register with the CRTC and comply with conditions by order, including discoverability, data reporting, accessibility, and carriage terms (as CRTC makes regulations and orders) (s.10(1)(i); s.9.1(1)(e), (k), (n)-(o), (i)). - You can be required to make spending contributions to support Canadian programming and creators; criteria can reference revenues and performance (as set by CRTC) (s.11.1(1), (6)). - CRTC cannot require a specific algorithm or source code, but can set outcomes for “showcasing” and discoverability (now in force; orders to follow) (s.9.1(1)(e), s.9.1(8)). - User uploads on social media are generally excluded; some revenue-generating or broadcast-type programs may be prescribed by regulation under listed factors (effective upon any CRTC regulation under s.4.2) (s.4.1, s.4.2). - Traditional broadcasters and distributors (TV, cable, satellite) - Existing licence-based duties continue; some prior licence conditions and exemption orders are deemed to be orders or regulations under the new framework (now in force) (Transitional, “deemed order/regulations”). - The CRTC can continue to set carriage and packaging terms, including priorities and mandatory services (as orders are made) (s.9.1(1)(g)-(j)). - Persons with disabilities - Accessibility without barriers is a stated objective; the CRTC can impose related conditions and enforce them with penalties (now in force; orders to follow) (s.3(1)(p), (p.1); s.9.1(1)(k); s.34.4(1)(h)). - Timing and oversight - Most provisions took effect on Royal Assent (April 27, 2023). Some clauses commence by order in council; most substantive obligations begin after CRTC consultations and orders (Coming into Force; s.9.1(4)-(5), s.11.1(7)). - The CRTC must consult every 7 years on its orders/regulations under s.9.1 and s.11.1 and publish a review plan (now in force) (s.34.31). - Parliament must conduct a comprehensive review in the fifth year and every five years after a report (now in force) (Review). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - No direct appropriation is contained in the Act. Data unavailable on incremental CRTC administrative costs. - CRTC cost-recovery fees: The CRTC may set fee schedules for broadcasting undertakings; fees are limited to recovering the CRTC’s costs under the Act (amounts set by regulation) (s.11(1)(a)-(d), s.11(3.1)). - Mandatory industry expenditures: The CRTC may require undertakings to spend to support Canadian content and creators; these are not government revenues (amounts set by CRTC orders/regulations) (s.11.1(1)-(2), (6)). - Administrative monetary penalties: Potential federal revenues are uncertain; maximums are set in statute (s.34.5). Item | Amount | Frequency | Source --- | --- | --- | --- Corporate AMPs (first/subsequent) | Up to $10,000,000 / $15,000,000 | Per violation | s.34.5(1)(b) Individual AMPs (first/subsequent) | Up to $25,000 / $50,000 | Per violation | s.34.5(1)(a) Offence: broadcasting contrary to Act (corporation) | Up to $250,000/day | Per day | s.32(b) Offence: contravention of regulation/order (corporation) | Up to $250,000 first; $500,000 subsequent | Per offence | s.33(b) CRTC regulatory fees | Cost-recovery only | Ongoing (by reg) | s.11(1), s.11(3.1) Industry “expenditures” to support Canadian content | Data unavailable | Ongoing (by order/reg) | s.11.1 ## Proponents' View - Ensures foreign and domestic online services contribute “equitably” to Canadian content and talent, aligning with how licensed broadcasters already contribute (s.3(1)(a.1), (f.1); s.11.1). - Supports French-language, Indigenous, and OLMC programming, including minimum shares for original French-language content and discoverability of Canadian programs (s.3(1)(iii.2), (iii.3), (q), (r); s.11.1(3); s.9.1(1)(b)-(e)). - Protects users’ freedom of expression: user-uploaded social media content is excluded unless prescribed under clear, enumerated factors; CRTC must act consistently with freedom of expression (s.4.1, s.4.2(2)-(3); “For greater certainty” after s.10). - Avoids heavy-handed tech mandates: the CRTC cannot require a specific algorithm or source code, focusing instead on outcomes like “showcasing” (s.9.1(1)(e), s.9.1(8)). - Builds in proportional regulation and privacy safeguards: the CRTC must consider service size and impact, avoid obligations with no material policy benefit, and protect audience privacy (s.5(2)(a.1), (h), (g.1)). ## Opponents' View - User-generated content risk: Although user uploads are excluded, s.4.2 allows regulations to prescribe certain revenue-generating or broadcast-type social media programs, which critics say could capture some creators and podcasts (s.4.1, s.4.2(2)-(3)). - Algorithmic influence concern: Discoverability orders may still pressure platforms to change recommendation systems, affecting creators’ reach, even if the CRTC cannot mandate a specific algorithm (s.9.1(1)(e), s.9.1(8)). - Consumer impact: Mandatory expenditures and compliance costs could be passed through as higher subscription prices or reduced catalogues; the Act does not cap such costs (s.11.1(1)-(2), (6)). Data unavailable on magnitude. - Oversight and transparency: Key CRTC orders are exempt from the Statutory Instruments Act, which opponents argue reduces formal regulatory scrutiny compared to traditional regulations (s.9.1(3)). - Data and confidentiality: Broader information demands and sharing with the Minister and Commissioner of Competition may raise privacy and competitive sensitivity concerns despite confidentiality provisions (s.25.1–25.3). - Enforcement risk: Large AMPs and offence fines create compliance risk and uncertainty for new or smaller services entering the Canadian market (s.34.5; s.32–33).

Canada Recognizes Right to Healthy Environment

## Summary This bill updates the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA) and the Food and Drugs Act. It recognizes a right to a healthy environment under CEPA, changes how toxic substances are assessed and controlled, and adds new powers over products and drugs that may harm the environment. It also repeals older “virtual elimination” rules and reorganizes the toxic substances list. - Recognizes a right to a healthy environment under CEPA and requires an implementation framework within 2 years of coming into force (Part 1, Implementation framework). - Requires a public plan within 2 years that lists priority substances for assessment, with an 8‑year review cycle (s.73). - Makes assessments consider vulnerable populations and cumulative effects; lets any person request an assessment with a 90‑day response (s.76 request; s.76.1(1)–(2)). - Splits Schedule 1 into Part 1 (highest risk) and Part 2, and directs priority to prohibition for Part 1 substances (s.77(3); s.90(1.1)–(1.2)). - Expands information‑gathering and pollution‑prevention powers to products and certain activities (e.g., hydraulic fracturing, tailings ponds) (s.46(1)(e.1), (k.1)–(k.3); s.56(1)(c)). - Tightens confidentiality rules and allows disclosure of explicit chemical names in defined cases and after 10 years (s.313(2); ss.317.1–317.2). - Adds environmental risk assessment and risk‑management powers for drugs and other therapeutic products (Food and Drugs Act s.11.1; ss.21.2, 21.31–21.33; s.30). ## What it means for you - Households - The federal government must consider a right to a healthy environment when it administers CEPA; details will be set in a framework within 2 years of the relevant section coming into force (Implementation framework). The Act does not create a new private right to sue; existing CEPA participation rights remain (s.15). - More public information via a searchable Environmental Registry and more disclosure of chemical names in set situations and after 10 years (s.13(2); ss.317.1–317.2). - Workers - Facilities handling substances on Schedule 1 may face new or stricter controls, including pollution prevention plans that prioritize safer substitutes where viable (s.56(1), (1.1)). - Assessments must consider vulnerable populations (people more at risk due to exposure or susceptibility) (s.3(1) “vulnerable population”; s.76.1(2)). - Businesses (manufacturers, importers, product makers) - Broader information notices can require data, samples, and testing about substances and products that contain or may release substances (s.71(1)–(2.3)). - Pollution prevention plans can now be required for products containing or releasing listed toxic substances, with progress reports (s.56(1)(c), (6)). - “Significant New Activity” obligations expand; you must notify downstream recipients about obligations when transferring certain substances listed on the Domestic Substances List (DSL) (s.87.1(1)). - Confidentiality requests must include reasons; explicit chemical names may be disclosed in specific regulatory steps or after 10 years with notice (s.313(2); ss.317.1–317.2). - Substances of highest risk (Schedule 1, Part 1) face priority for prohibition of activities or releases; plan accordingly for substitutions (s.90(1.1)). - Oil and gas, mining, and heavy industry - The Minister can gather information on hydraulic fracturing and tailings ponds (s.46(1)(k.2)–(k.3)). - New or updated controls may target products that release toxic substances and activities that contribute to pollution (s.93(1)(f)–(q); s.46(1)(k.1)). - Drug and medical product manufacturers - It is prohibited to sell or make a drug with a prescribed substance unless Health Canada has assessed the environmental risk of that substance (Food and Drugs Act s.11.1). - The Minister can order label/package changes, recalls, or information/testing to address serious environmental risks (FDA ss.21.2; 21.31–21.33; s.30(1)(b.01), (l.1)–(l.3), (1.2)(d.01)). - Indigenous peoples and communities - The preamble commits to implementing the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, including free, prior and informed consent; annual reporting must summarize consultations and reconciliation measures under CEPA (preamble; new report on Indigenous consultations). - Timelines and processes - Priority plan published within 2 years of Royal Assent; reviewed every 8 years (s.73). - Ministers must respond within 90 days to any assessment request (s.76(2.1)). - After proposing a measure for a substance, final publication steps have defined timelines, and delays must be explained publicly (s.77(8); s.91(1); s.92(1)). - Some provisions start on Royal Assent; others start on a date set by Cabinet (Order in Council) (Coming into force). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - No explicit appropriations are in the bill text (throughout). - The bill creates new duties for Environment and Climate Change Canada and Health Canada, including: - Develop and publish an implementation framework for the right to a healthy environment within 2 years, with annual reporting (Implementation framework; s.342 report). - Develop and review a priority plan for substances, compile and update a list of substances suspected of becoming toxic, and process public assessment requests within 90 days (s.73; s.75.1; s.76(2.1)). - Conduct research, studies, or monitoring to support protecting the right to a healthy environment, including biomonitoring and work on vulnerable populations (s.44(3.1); s.45). - Manage expanded information‑gathering, pollution prevention planning, and confidentiality review and reporting (ss.46, 56, 60, 71; s.313(5)). - The bill authorizes new regulatory and compliance obligations for regulated parties (e.g., environmental assessments for certain drugs; reporting and testing for substances and products), but no government cost estimates are provided (FDA s.11.1; CEPA s.71). - Data unavailable on administrative or enforcement costs; no fiscal note identified. ## Proponents' View - Strengthens protections by recognizing a right to a healthy environment under CEPA and requiring a framework, research, and consideration of vulnerable populations and cumulative effects (s.2(1)(a.2); Implementation framework; s.76.1(2)). - Focuses controls on the highest‑risk substances by creating Schedule 1 Part 1 and directing priority to prohibition of activities or releases (s.77(3); s.90(1.1)–(1.2)). - Closes gaps by regulating products that contain or may release toxic substances, enabling life‑cycle controls such as packaging and labelling (s.46(1)(e.1); s.93(1)(f)–(q)). - Improves transparency and accountability: searchable Environmental Registry; reasons required for confidentiality; publication of delays; authority to disclose explicit chemical names in defined circumstances and after 10 years (s.13(2); s.313(2); s.77(8); ss.317.1–317.2). - Reduces animal testing by requiring use of alternative methods where practicable (new restriction on vertebrate animals, s.68.1). - Adds environmental safeguards for drugs and therapeutic products by requiring environmental risk assessments and enabling recalls and label changes to address serious environmental risks (Food and Drugs Act s.11.1; ss.21.2, 21.31–21.33; s.30). ## Opponents' View - The right to a healthy environment is limited to CEPA administration, subject to “reasonable limits,” and may be balanced with social, health, scientific, and economic factors defined later in an implementation framework; it does not create a new private right to sue (s.2(1)(a.2); Implementation framework content; s.15). - Repealing CEPA’s former virtual elimination provisions and the PFOS Virtual Elimination Act could weaken stringency, relying instead on Part 1/Part 2 categorization and ministerial discretion (repeal of ss.65, 65.1; repeal clause; transitional provisions). - Allowing risk management under other federal Acts and by the “best placed” minister may fragment accountability and slow action (e.g., statements identifying other Acts under s.77(6)(c)(ii), s.91(1)(a)(ii), (b)(ii); s.84(4)). - Expanded information demands and product controls increase compliance costs and administrative burden for businesses, including testing, reporting, pollution prevention plans, and onward notifications for significant new activities (s.71(1)–(2.3); s.56; s.87.1). - New confidentiality rules, including potential disclosure of explicit chemical names after 10 years, may risk revealing trade secrets despite criteria in s.313(3) (ss.317.1–317.2; s.313(2)–(5)). - Timelines depend on future regulations and orders; while delays must be explained, there are limited automatic consequences if deadlines slip (s.77(8); s.91(1); s.92(1); Coming into force).

Pensions Paid First in Bankruptcies

## Summary This bill, called the Pension Protection Act, changes bankruptcy and restructuring rules to put pension shortfalls and certain group insurance claims ahead of other debts. It also requires an annual federal report on pension plan funding and actions taken to fix underfunded plans. A 4‑year transition delays the new priority for employers already in a pension plan when the law takes effect (Transitional Provisions). - Gives priority to claims for unfunded liabilities and solvency deficiencies in defined benefit pension plans in bankruptcies and restructurings (BIA 60(1.5), 81.5, 81.6; CCAA 6(6)). - Gives priority to claims related to an employer stopping participation in group insurance plans during insolvency (Bill summary). - Requires the Superintendent to report yearly on pension plan solvency and corrective measures, and table the report in Parliament (PBSA s.40). - Applies immediately to employers entering new prescribed pension plans after the law takes effect; applies after 4 years to employers already in such plans (Transitional Provisions). - Extends protection to plans regulated provincially by treating them as if federally regulated for these priority purposes (BIA 60(1.5)(a)(iii)(A.1), 81.5(1)(c)(i.1); CCAA 6(6)(a)(iii)(A.1)). ## What it means for you - Households (retirees and workers in defined benefit plans) - If your employer becomes insolvent, amounts needed to fix a pension funding shortfall must be paid before many other creditors. This includes special payments and any amounts required to eliminate unfunded liabilities or solvency deficiencies, as measured at filing (BIA 81.5-81.6; CCAA 6(6)). - If your employer stops participating in a group insurance plan during insolvency, related claims get priority in payment (Bill summary). - For employees in plans that existed before the law took effect, this priority starts 4 years after the law comes into force (Transitional Provisions). For plans started after the law takes effect, the priority applies right away. - Workers not in defined benefit plans - Direct pension effects are limited if you are in a defined contribution plan or have no pension. Group insurance cessation claims in insolvency may still get priority (Bill summary). Specific scope is not detailed in the sections provided. - Businesses (employers with defined benefit plans) - In any proposal under the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act or plan under the Companies’ Creditors Arrangement Act, you must ensure pension shortfalls are fully addressed to obtain approval (BIA 60(1.5); CCAA 6(6)). - If you were already in a prescribed pension plan before the law took effect, the new priority does not apply to you for 4 years after the law comes into force (Transitional Provisions). - Lenders, bondholders, suppliers, and other creditors - Your recoveries in an employer insolvency may be lower because pension shortfall and certain group insurance cessation claims are paid ahead of you (BIA 81.5-81.6; CCAA 6(6)). - Governments and regulators - The Superintendent must submit and the Minister must table an annual report on pension funding and corrective actions; the Superintendent must also send the report to provinces (PBSA s.40). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - No explicit appropriations or new fees in the bill text (Bill text). - New annual reporting duty for the Superintendent of Financial Institutions; administrative cost not stated (PBSA s.40). Data unavailable. - No official fiscal note identified in the provided materials. Data unavailable. ## Proponents' View - Improves pension security by requiring full payment of pension deficits before other creditors in insolvency, reducing the chance of pension cuts for retirees and workers (BIA 81.5-81.6; CCAA 6(6)). - Closes a known gap in prior law that prioritized only certain unpaid contributions, by adding unfunded liabilities and solvency deficiencies to priority claims (BIA 60(1.5), 81.5-81.6). - Protects employees’ group insurance-related claims when employers stop participation during insolvency, giving workers a better chance of recovery (Bill summary). - Increases transparency through an annual public report on pension plan solvency and actions taken to fix underfunding, aiding oversight by Parliament and provinces (PBSA s.40). - Provides a 4‑year transition so existing employers can adjust funding strategies and financing arrangements before the new priority applies (Transitional Provisions). ## Opponents' View - Lowers recoveries for unsecured and some secured creditors because pension deficits and certain insurance-related claims must be paid first, which could raise borrowing costs for firms with defined benefit plans (BIA 81.5-81.6; CCAA 6(6)). - May make restructurings harder to complete, since a court cannot approve a plan unless it fully addresses pension shortfalls measured at filing, increasing the risk of liquidation (CCAA 6(6)). - Could encourage employers to close or avoid defined benefit plans to reduce future insolvency risk exposure, potentially shifting workers to less secure retirement arrangements. Data unavailable. - The scope and size of “claims relating to the cessation of an employer’s participation in group insurance plans” are not detailed in the provided sections, creating uncertainty for creditors and courts (Bill summary). - The 4‑year delay creates uneven treatment across employers depending on when they entered a plan, which may complicate lending and covenant structures during the transition (Transitional Provisions).

Ankle monitors in partner violence bail

## Summary Bill C-233 changes bail and judicial education rules to address violence against an intimate partner. It lets prosecutors ask courts to require electronic monitoring as a bail condition and requires judges to consider safety when deciding on release in these cases. It also expands judges’ continuing education to cover intimate partner violence, coercive control, and social context, and asks for yearly reporting on these seminars. - Courts may add electronic monitoring (an ankle or similar device that tracks location) as a bail condition when requested by the Attorney General (government prosecutor) (Criminal Code s.515(4.2)(a.2)). - In cases involving violence, including against an intimate partner, judges must consider safety conditions before release (Criminal Code s.515(4.3)(c)). - The Canadian Judicial Council must provide seminars for judges on intimate partner violence, coercive control, and social context (Judges Act s.60(2)(b)). - The Council is asked to submit an annual report to the Minister of Justice on these seminars; the Act uses “should submit,” not “must” (Judges Act s.62.1(1)). - The Act takes effect 30 days after Royal Assent (Coming into Force). ## What it means for you - Households - If an accused is charged with an offence against an intimate partner, the court must consider whether to add safety-related conditions before release. This can include electronic monitoring if the prosecutor asks for it (Criminal Code s.515(4.2)(a.2), s.515(4.3)(c)). Effective 30 days after Royal Assent. - Victims may see more tailored release conditions aimed at safety, such as monitoring or other limits. The judge decides case by case (Criminal Code s.515(4.2)). - Accused persons in intimate partner violence cases - Prosecutors can request electronic monitoring as a condition of bail. The judge must consider whether it is desirable for safety but is not required to order it (Criminal Code s.515(4.2)(a.2)). - If monitoring or other conditions are imposed, any breach can lead to arrest and possible revocation of bail under existing Criminal Code rules. - Judges and courts - Judges will have access to new seminars on intimate partner violence, coercive control, and social context, including systemic racism and discrimination (Judges Act s.60(2)(b)). - The Canadian Judicial Council is asked to report each year to the Minister on these seminars (Judges Act s.62.1(1)). - Provincial/territorial justice systems - If courts order electronic monitoring, provincial/territorial programs and police will need to administer and enforce those orders. The bill does not set standards for devices or operations; those remain with existing programs. ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - No explicit federal appropriation or new fees are included in the bill text. Data unavailable (Bill text). - Judicial education: The Canadian Judicial Council must establish seminars and is asked to produce an annual report. Any costs would come from existing budgets or future appropriations not specified here. Data unavailable (Judges Act s.60(2)(b), s.62.1(1)). - Electronic monitoring: If ordered by a court, equipment, monitoring, and enforcement are typically handled by provincial/territorial authorities. The bill creates authority to order monitoring but does not fund it. Data unavailable (Criminal Code s.515(4.2)(a.2)). ## Proponents' View - Improves victim safety at the bail stage by requiring judges to consider whether electronic monitoring is desirable when the prosecutor requests it in intimate partner cases (Criminal Code s.515(4.2)(a.2); s.515(4.3)(c)). - Gives courts another tool short of detention by allowing monitoring as a condition of release, which can manage risk while preserving pretrial liberty when appropriate (Criminal Code s.515(4.2)(a.2)). Assumes monitoring can substitute for detention in some cases; the bill provides no effectiveness data. - Strengthens judicial understanding of intimate partner violence and coercive control through mandated continuing education (Judges Act s.60(2)(b)). Assumes training improves decision quality; outcomes not measured in the bill. - Increases transparency by asking the Canadian Judicial Council to report yearly on seminars (Judges Act s.62.1(1)). Note: the section uses “should,” which is advisory. ## Opponents' View - Creates an unfunded mandate risk: electronic monitoring orders may increase costs for provinces and police without new federal funding (Criminal Code s.515(4.2)(a.2)). Actual cost impact is not provided. - May expand surveillance and conditions on accused persons before trial, raising concerns about proportionality and presumption of innocence. Effect depends on how often prosecutors request monitoring and how judges apply it (Criminal Code s.515(4.2)). - Technical and operational risks: device availability, network coverage, and false alerts could lead to unintended breaches and added court workload. The bill sets no technical standards; programs vary by jurisdiction. Data unavailable. - Reporting on judicial seminars is advisory (“should submit”), which may limit accountability if reports are delayed or incomplete (Judges Act s.62.1(1)).

New privacy rights and AI safety rules

## Summary Bill C-27 (Digital Charter Implementation Act, 2022) would overhaul private‑sector privacy law and set first‑time federal rules for artificial intelligence (AI). It creates three laws: the Consumer Privacy Protection Act (CPPA), the Personal Information and Data Protection Tribunal Act, and the Artificial Intelligence and Data Act (AIDA). Most details take effect on dates and regulations set later by the federal government (Coming-into-Force by order in council). - Replaces Part 1 of PIPEDA with the CPPA and renames the rest the Electronic Documents Act (Consequential Amendments). - Creates a new Tribunal to hear appeals of Privacy Commissioner decisions and to set administrative monetary penalties (PIDPTA; CPPA Part 2). - Sets high fines for serious privacy breaches and offences (CPPA Administrative Monetary Penalties; Offences and punishment). - Gives individuals new rights (e.g., data disposal on request, explanations for certain automated decisions, data mobility when frameworks exist) (CPPA Part 1). - Regulates “high‑impact” AI systems with risk controls, record‑keeping, public plain‑language notices, and harm reporting; adds AI‑specific offences (AIDA Part 1–2). ## What it means for you - Households - You can ask businesses what personal data they have about you, how they use it, and to whom they disclosed it. Firms must respond in plain language within 30 days (CPPA Access, Time limit). - You can request disposal (deletion or anonymization) of your data in set cases, and firms must inform service providers to do the same (CPPA Disposal at individual’s request). - If a company uses an automated decision system that significantly affects you, you can request an explanation of the decision, including key factors and data sources (CPPA Access to automated decision system explanation). - You must be told about data breaches that pose a “real risk of significant harm,” such as identity theft or financial loss (CPPA Security safeguards — notification). - A future “data mobility framework” could let you port your data from one service to another once regulations are made (CPPA Data mobility). - Workers (in federally regulated employers only) - Employers that are federal works, undertakings, or businesses can collect, use, or disclose your data without consent if necessary to manage the employment relationship and you are informed (CPPA Employment relationship — FWUBs). - Businesses and non‑profits engaged in commercial activities - You must run a privacy management program, designate a responsible person, train staff, and keep policies available in plain language (CPPA Accountability; Privacy management program; Openness and Transparency). - Consent must be valid and informed. You must not force consent beyond what is needed for a product or service (CPPA Consent; Consent — provision of product or service). - There are narrow no‑consent grounds for specified business activities (security, product safety) and for “legitimate interests” if an assessment shows benefits outweigh adverse effects and records are kept (CPPA Business activities; Legitimate interest and Record of assessment). - Transfers to service providers do not require consent, but you must ensure equivalent protection by contract or other means (CPPA Same protection; Transfer to service provider). - Mandatory breach reporting to the Privacy Commissioner and to affected individuals when risk is significant; keep breach records (CPPA Security safeguards — report, notify, records). - High fines apply for serious contraventions. Administrative penalties can reach the higher of $10,000,000 and 3% of global revenue; offences up to the higher of $25,000,000 and 5% (CPPA Administrative Monetary Penalties — maximum; Offence and punishment). - AI developers, deployers, and managers (interprovincial/international trade) - You must assess if your system is “high‑impact” (to be defined in regulation) and, if so, identify, mitigate, and monitor risks of harm and biased output; keep specified records (AIDA Assessment; Measures related to risks; Monitoring; Keeping records). - If you make a high‑impact system available or manage its operation, you must publish a plain‑language description, including intended use and mitigation measures (AIDA Publication of description). - You must notify the Minister “as soon as feasible” if use results or is likely to result in material harm (to be defined by regulation) (AIDA Notification of material harm). - The Minister can order record production, audits, implementation of measures, public notices, or in urgent cases, cessation of use to prevent serious, imminent harm (AIDA Ministerial orders; Cessation). - Offences include using illegally obtained personal information for AI, and making an AI system available knowing it will likely cause serious harm. Fines can reach the higher of $25,000,000 and 5% of global revenue (AIDA Part 2 — Offences and Punishment). - Local governments and federal institutions - CPPA does not apply to government institutions under the Privacy Act (CPPA Application — Limit). AIDA does not apply to named national security bodies and prescribed entities (AIDA Non‑application). - Timing - Most provisions take effect on dates set by Cabinet and after regulations are made, especially for AI “high‑impact” criteria and data mobility (Coming-into-Force clauses; AIDA regulation-making). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - No explicit appropriations in the bill text. Implementation relies on future orders and regulations (Coming-into-Force; Regulation-making). - Creates a new federal Tribunal supported by the Administrative Tribunals Support Service of Canada (PIDPTA; ATSSC schedule amendment). - Authorizes designation of an Artificial Intelligence and Data Commissioner within ISED to assist the Minister (AIDA Administration). - Administrative monetary penalties are recoverable as debts to the Crown; potential penalty revenue is unknown (CPPA Recovery as debt due to Her Majesty; AIDA AMPs framework by regulation). Item | Amount | Frequency | Source ---|---|---|--- Set-up and operation of Personal Information and Data Protection Tribunal | Data unavailable | Ongoing | PIDPTA; ATSSC amendment Privacy Commissioner expanded duties (guidance, audits, inquiries) | Data unavailable | Ongoing | CPPA Part 2 (Powers, duties) Artificial Intelligence and Data Commissioner and analysts | Data unavailable | Ongoing | AIDA Administration Penalty revenues (privacy and AI) | Data unavailable | Variable | CPPA Administrative Monetary Penalties; AIDA AMPs/Offences ## Proponents' View - Strengthens privacy rights and enforcement, aligning Canada with major partners. High fines (up to higher of $25,000,000 and 5% of global revenue for offences) create real deterrence (CPPA Offence and punishment; AIDA Punishment). - Clear rules for consent, data disposal, breach notice, and explanations for impactful automated decisions increase trust for consumers (CPPA Consent; Disposal; Security safeguards; Automated decision system explanation). - Creates due process through an expert Tribunal to hear appeals and set penalties, reducing litigation burden on Federal Court (PIDPTA; CPPA Appeals, Imposition of penalty). - Supports innovation with practical tools: codes of practice and certification programs; de‑identified data can be used for internal R&D under safeguards (CPPA Codes of practice and certification; Research, analysis and development). - Introduces baseline AI safety: risk management for high‑impact systems, public transparency notices, and harm reporting to reduce biased outputs and injuries (AIDA Measures related to risks; Publication of description; Notification of material harm). - Flexible, regulation‑first design lets government tailor “high‑impact” criteria and “material harm” definitions as technology evolves (AIDA Regulation-making). ## Opponents' View - Consent exceptions may be broad. “Legitimate interest” collection without consent depends on internal assessments that may be hard to audit, risking over‑collection (CPPA Business activities — Legitimate interest and Record of assessment). - Transfers to service providers without consent and wide disclosure exceptions to government institutions could weaken individual control (CPPA Transfer to service provider; Disclosures to Government Institutions). - Many core AI elements are left to future regulations (e.g., definition of “high‑impact,” required measures, “material harm”), creating uncertainty for developers and users and delaying real protections (AIDA Regulations — Governor in Council; Minister). - Minister’s order powers (including cease‑use orders) are broad and could chill deployment, especially for small firms lacking compliance resources (AIDA Cessation; Ministerial orders). - Overlap and potential conflict with provincial privacy laws (e.g., Quebec Law 25) increase compliance complexity for national firms (CPPA Orders exempting “substantially similar” provincial laws). - Multi‑step enforcement (Commissioner inquiry, Tribunal appeal, then private right of action) could prolong resolution for complainants and add costs for all parties (CPPA Part 2 — Inquiries, Appeals; Private Right of Action).

Provinces Could Collect Federal Income Taxes

## Summary This bill lets the federal Minister of Finance make agreements with provinces so a province can collect federal personal and corporate income taxes and then send the money to Canada. It directs the Minister to start talks with Quebec within 90 days of the law taking effect and to work toward an agreement within one year. It also requires steps to reduce job impacts on affected workers and directs the Minister to seek changes to international tax treaties so a province can get needed tax information directly (Bill, s. 20.1(1)–(4); Quebec clause). - Allows a province to administer and collect federal income taxes, with terms set in a future agreement approved by the Governor in Council (federal Cabinet) (Bill, s. 20.1(1)–(2)). - Requires measures to mitigate effects on employees affected by the change (Bill, s. 20.1(3)). - Instructs the Minister to seek amendments to tax treaties so a province can access necessary foreign tax information directly (Bill, s. 20.1(4)). - Directs the Minister to begin discussions with Quebec within 90 days and aim to reach an agreement within one year (Quebec clause). - Does not itself create a single tax return; that would depend on a negotiated agreement’s details and timing (Bill, s. 20.1). ## What it means for you - Households (Quebec) - If Quebec and Canada sign an agreement, you would file one personal income tax return with Quebec instead of separate federal and provincial returns. Timing depends on when an agreement is reached and implemented (Bill, s. 20.1; Quebec clause). - Households (other provinces/territories) - No change unless your province later signs a similar agreement under this new authority (Bill, s. 20.1(1)). - Workers (CRA and Revenu Québec) - Federal employees whose work would shift to the province could face job changes. Any agreement must include measures to lessen employment impacts, but the bill does not specify which measures (Bill, s. 20.1(3)). - Provincial tax staff in Quebec could see new duties if Quebec takes on federal tax collection (Bill, s. 20.1(1)). - Businesses (Quebec) - If an agreement is signed, corporations could file a single corporate income tax return with Quebec covering both provincial and federal taxes. Details on forms, audits, and appeals would be set by the agreement (Bill, s. 20.1(1)). - Multi‑province businesses and tax preparers - Administrative processes in Quebec could differ from the rest of Canada if Quebec administers federal taxes while other provinces continue under CRA. The bill leaves process details to the agreement (Bill, s. 20.1(1)–(2)). - Cross‑border taxpayers - Access by Quebec to foreign tax information would depend on Canada negotiating changes with other countries to allow direct sharing with the province. Negotiations are required, but outcomes and timelines depend on foreign partners (Bill, s. 20.1(4)). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - No fiscal note identified. The bill authorizes agreements but sets no direct appropriations, tax rate changes, or fees (Bill, s. 20.1). - Potential costs include: - Transition and IT integration for shifting administration to a province. Data unavailable. - Measures to mitigate worker impacts (e.g., retraining, relocation). Data unavailable. - Treaty negotiation and implementation costs. Data unavailable. - Any savings from reduced duplication would depend on future agreement terms. Data unavailable. ## Proponents' View - Simplifies filing for Quebec residents by enabling a single income tax return handled by the province, reducing paperwork and confusion (Preamble; Bill, s. 20.1(1)). - Cuts administrative duplication between CRA and Revenu Québec, which could lower long‑term costs; savings would come from one set of forms, processing, and audits. Quantified estimates not provided in the bill (Bill, s. 20.1(1)–(2)). - Respects Quebec’s stated preference to administer a single return; directs the federal government to engage quickly (Preamble; Quebec clause). - Protects workers by requiring employment impact mitigation as a condition of any agreement (Bill, s. 20.1(3)). - Maintains federal revenue by requiring the province to remit collected federal taxes under agreed terms (Bill, s. 20.1(1)–(2)). ## Opponents' View - Implementation risk: Moving federal tax administration to a province is complex and could disrupt service during transition; the bill leaves key operational details to later agreements (Bill, s. 20.1(1)–(2)). - International constraints: Access to foreign tax data requires amending many treaties or agreements; outcomes and timelines depend on other countries and are not guaranteed (Bill, s. 20.1(4)). - Fiscal uncertainty: Transition, IT, and workforce measures could be costly; the bill provides no cost estimates or funding mechanism. Data unavailable (Bill, s. 20.1(3)). - Administrative fragmentation: Different tax administration systems across provinces could increase compliance complexity for national firms and tax preparers, depending on future agreements (Bill, s. 20.1(1)). - Workforce impact: Federal tax jobs in Quebec could be reduced or shifted; mitigation is required but unspecified, creating uncertainty for employees (Bill, s. 20.1(3)).

Year-end $4.7B to keep services running

## Summary This bill authorizes the federal government to spend up to CAD $4,680,112,624 to cover extra 2022–23 costs that were not already funded, based on Supplementary Estimates (C). It is a supply bill (permission to spend public money) that keeps programs and services running through March 31, 2023, with some items allowed to be paid through March 31, 2024 (Schedule 2). It does not change tax rates or set new programs; it funds existing purposes listed in the Estimates (Bill — Amount granted; Schedule 1; Schedule 2). - Funds major top-ups for National Defence ($897.7 million), Indigenous Services ($764.1 million), and Foreign Affairs ($589.1 million) (Schedule 1). - Supports Immigration operations and grants ($318.9 million), Employment and Social Development ($302.6 million), Health ($180.3 million), and Public Safety ($145.8 million) (Schedule 1). - Lets the government write off 23,142 defaulted student/apprentice loan debts totaling $227.5 million (accounting action) (Schedule 1 — ESDC Vote 10c). - Allows up to $115.0 million for the World Bank’s Ukraine Multi-Donor Trust Fund and up to $338.2 million to international financial institutions (Schedule 1 — Finance Vote 15c; Foreign Affairs Vote 20c). - Gives the Canada Revenue Agency ($337.2 million) and Canada Border Services Agency ($40.9 million) funding that can be spent through March 31, 2024 (Schedule 2). ## What it means for you - Households - Student and apprentice borrowers with very old, uncollectible debts: Government writes off 23,142 debts totaling $227,472,139. This is an accounting step under the Financial Administration Act. It does not create a new benefit or application process (Schedule 1 — ESDC Vote 10c). - Veterans and families: Veterans Affairs gets $97,427,000 for grants and contributions and $1,411,000 for operations to support existing programs; no new benefit rules are set in this bill (Schedule 1 — VAC). - Health users: Health Canada and the Public Health Agency receive $212,926,000 combined for operations and contributions to maintain services; no new entitlements are created (Schedule 1 — Health; PHAC). - Immigration clients: Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada receives $318,913,000 for operations, capital, and grants/contributions. This supports services listed in the Estimates; the bill does not specify recipients (Schedule 1 — IRCC). - Workers - Federal employees and contractors: Departments receive operating funds to pay staff and suppliers through year‑end (e.g., National Defence $616.8 million operating; Health $176.6 million; IRCC $114.3 million) (Schedule 1). - Researchers and students: Granting councils get added funds (NSERC $21.7 million; SSHRC $12.0 million). The National Research Council gets $59.5 million for grants/contributions, including for the Thirty Meter Telescope (Schedule 1). - Businesses - Suppliers: More procurement opportunities where capital or operating funds increase (e.g., Defence $20.3 million capital; Transport $26.7 million capital) (Schedule 1). - Regulated firms: Added operating funds for regulators may affect service times and oversight (Canadian Food Inspection Agency $27.6 million; Canadian Energy Regulator $9.2 million; Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission $3.6 million) (Schedule 1). - Freshwater Fish Marketing Corporation: Authorized to borrow from non‑government lenders; no amount specified (Schedule 1 — FFMC). - Local and Indigenous governments - Indigenous communities: Indigenous Services gets $692,039,922 for grants/contributions; Crown‑Indigenous Relations gets $62,153,389 for grants/contributions. Uses are as listed in the Estimates, not detailed in the bill (Schedule 1). - Provinces/municipalities: Smaller contributions may flow via Transport ($19,306,536), Fisheries and Oceans ($2,250,000), Infrastructure Canada ($7,279,352), and Parks Canada programs, as listed in the Estimates (Schedule 1). - Service users - Taxpayers and travelers: CRA ($337,177,267) and CBSA ($40,858,545) receive funds that can be spent up to March 31, 2024 to support operations (Schedule 2). - International assistance: Up to $115,000,000 to the World Bank’s Ukraine fund and up to $338,181,748 to international financial institutions; not domestic programs (Schedule 1 — Finance Vote 15c; Foreign Affairs Vote 20c). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: CAD $4,680,112,624 (FY2022–23), of which $378,035,812 may be spent through March 31, 2024 (Schedule 2). - Total voted in Schedule 1: $4,302,076,812 (Schedule 1). - Total voted in Schedule 2: $378,035,812 (Schedule 2). - Key items are summarized below. Item | Amount | Frequency | Source ---|---:|---|--- Total appropriations (Schedules 1+2) | $4,680,112,624 | One-time (FY2022–23; some to FY2023–24) | Bill; Schedule 1; Schedule 2 National Defence (ops, capital, grants) | $897,676,257 | One-time | Schedule 1 — DND Indigenous Services (ops; grants/contributions) | $764,123,013 | One-time | Schedule 1 — ISC Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development (incl. humanitarian, development, trade) | $589,123,302 | One-time | Schedule 1 — DFATD Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada | $318,912,891 | One-time | Schedule 1 — IRCC Employment and Social Development (incl. loan write-off item) | $302,579,993 | One-time | Schedule 1 — ESDC Health Canada | $180,260,493 | One-time | Schedule 1 — Health Public Safety (ops; grants/contributions) | $145,801,666 | One-time | Schedule 1 — Public Safety Veterans Affairs (ops; grants/contributions) | $97,426,999 | One-time | Schedule 1 — VAC Fisheries and Oceans (ops; capital; grants/contributions) | $103,644,865 | One-time | Schedule 1 — DFO Transport Canada (ops; capital; contributions) | $73,154,052 | One-time | Schedule 1 — Transport Canada Revenue Agency (Schedule 2) | $337,177,267 | Available to Mar 31, 2024 | Schedule 2 — CRA Canada Border Services Agency (Schedule 2) | $40,858,545 | Available to Mar 31, 2024 | Schedule 2 — CBSA World Bank Ukraine Multi‑Donor Trust Fund (cap) | $115,000,000 | One-time cap | Schedule 1 — Finance Vote 15c International financial institutions (cap) | $338,181,748 | One-time cap | Schedule 1 — DFATD Vote 20c Write‑off of student/apprentice loan debts (23,142 accounts) | $227,472,139 | One-time accounting adjustment (no cash outlay) | Schedule 1 — ESDC Vote 10c Notes: - Each item must be spent only for the purpose listed in the Estimates (Bill — Purpose of each item). - Many votes say “grants listed in any of the Estimates.” Specific recipients are in Supplementary Estimates (C), not in the bill (Schedule 1). - Schedule 2 items can be paid until March 31, 2024; unspent balances then lapse (Bill — Schedule 2; Order of payment). ## Proponents' View - Ensures essential services continue by topping up departments before year‑end, a normal step in the supply cycle (Bill — Amount granted; Schedule 1). - Targets urgent pressures, including Indigenous services ($692.0 million in grants/contributions) and defence ($897.7 million), which proponents say address health, infrastructure, and security needs (Schedule 1 — ISC; DND). - Supports international commitments, including up to $115.0 million for Ukraine’s World Bank fund and up to $338.2 million for international financial institutions (Schedule 1 — Finance Vote 15c; DFATD Vote 20c). - Cleans up the public accounts by writing off long‑uncollectible student/apprentice loan debts ($227.5 million; 23,142 accounts), improving financial reporting (Schedule 1 — ESDC Vote 10c). - Allows CRA and CBSA to carry funds into 2023–24 to maintain operations during peak periods, reducing rushed year‑end spending (Schedule 2). ## Opponents' View - Limited transparency in the bill text: many lines authorize “grants listed in any of the Estimates” without naming programs or recipients; Parliament votes large sums with details only in Supplementary Estimates (C) (Schedule 1). - Retroactive effect (items deemed effective April 1, 2022) and broad transfer authorities may reduce real‑time scrutiny of changes (Bill — Effective date; Transfers of appropriations). - Risk of year‑end rush or lapses: most funds must be spent by March 31, 2023, except Schedule 2; hurried spending can reduce value for money (Bill — Schedule 2; Lapse rule). - Foreign assistance caps (up to $115.0 million and up to $338.2 million) may draw concern about prioritizing international over domestic uses within a late‑year package (Schedule 1 — Finance Vote 15c; DFATD Vote 20c). - The loan “write‑off” item is an accounting action, not targeted relief; critics may argue it does not fix causes of defaults or improve current borrower supports (Schedule 1 — ESDC Vote 10c).

Interim funding keeps federal services running

## Summary This bill (Appropriation Act No. 1, 2023–24) gives the federal government spending authority of up to CAD $89,678,492,027 for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2024. It is “interim supply,” meaning it provides a portion of departments’ annual budgets so programs and services can continue early in the fiscal year, based on the Main Estimates (the government’s detailed annual spending plan) (Summary; pp. 1–2). - Authorizes payments from the Consolidated Revenue Fund (the federal bank account) for many departments and agencies, using the “one-twelfth” method to limit early-year spending (clauses (a)–(i)). - Sets different fractions for specific items (from 3/12 up to 12/12) to meet urgent needs (Schedules 1.1–1.8). - Allows certain appropriations (CBSA and CRA) to be used through March 31, 2025, and sets an order-of-payment rule for them (Schedule 2; Order of payment (2)). - Permits standard “re-spend” authorities so some departments can use the revenues they collect to offset their costs (multiple Votes across Schedules). - Includes a Government Contingencies vote of $687,500,000 to handle urgent or unforeseen needs (Schedule 1.7). ## What it means for you - Households - Federal services and programs continue without interruption during 2023–24, because departments receive early-year funding (clauses (a)–(i)). - Airport screening continues via the Canadian Air Transport Security Authority funding (six twelfths; Schedule 1.3). - VIA Rail passenger services continue under operating and capital payments (four twelfths; Schedule 1.1). - Public health operations and grants continue through the Public Health Agency of Canada and Health Canada (Schedules 1.3 and 1.1). - Arts and research grants (Canada Council for the Arts; research councils) continue at interim levels (Schedules 1.2, 1.1). - Workers - Federal employees, contractors, and funded service providers can be paid because their departments have interim appropriations (clauses (a)–(i)). - Statistics Canada, RCMP, and other agencies maintain operations with interim funds (Schedules 1.4, 1.2, 1.7). - Businesses and nonprofits - Suppliers and project partners to departments like Shared Services Canada, Public Works, and Infrastructure-related authorities can continue work and receive payments (Schedules 1.1, 1.1, 1.3). - Grant and contribution recipients in areas like employment programs, research, culture, and transportation can receive interim funding (Schedules 1.3, 1.1, 1.2, 1.1). - Indigenous governments and communities - Significant interim funding flows to Indigenous Services and Crown-Indigenous Relations for operations, grants, and contributions (Schedules 1.5, 1.6, 1.7). - Items include 11/12 of Indigenous Services operating ($21,507,016,194) and 9/12 of Indigenous Services grants and contributions ($11,993,183,612) (Schedule 1.7; Schedule 1.5). - Contributions under Crown-Indigenous Relations (10/12 totaling $4,042,639,040) continue (Schedule 1.6). - Travelers and border users - Border operations and capital projects at CBSA continue under a two‑year appropriation that can be paid through March 31, 2025 (Schedule 2; Order of payment (2)). - Windsor-Detroit Bridge Authority receives interim payments to advance the crossing project (five twelfths; Schedule 1.2). ## Expenses Estimated gross spending authority: CAD $89,678,492,027 (FY2023–24), with $1,751,269,975 of two-year appropriations usable through March 31, 2025. - Key figures from the bill (interim supply by schedule and notable items): Item | Amount | Frequency | Source --- | ---:| --- | --- Total interim appropriation | $89,678,492,027 | FY2023–24 | Bill, “$89,678,492,027 granted for 2023–24” General 3/12 tranche (all other items) | $23,752,533,318 | FY2023–24 | Clause (a) Schedule 1.1 (4/12) | $7,287,537,872 | FY2023–24 | Schedule 1.1 Schedule 1.2 (5/12) | $4,961,276,773 | FY2023–24 | Schedule 1.2 Schedule 1.3 (6/12) | $7,193,709,994 | FY2023–24 | Schedule 1.3 Schedule 1.4 (7/12) | $701,016,431 | FY2023–24 | Schedule 1.4 Schedule 1.5 (9/12) | $14,949,847,633 | FY2023–24 | Schedule 1.5 Schedule 1.6 (10/12) | $4,042,639,040 | FY2023–24 | Schedule 1.6 Schedule 1.7 (11/12) | $26,789,930,964 | FY2023–24 | Schedule 1.7 Schedule 1.8 (12/12) | $2 | FY2023–24 | Schedule 1.8 Government Contingencies | $687,500,000 | FY2023–24 | Schedule 1.7 Two-year appropriations (CBSA, CRA) | $1,751,269,975 | Payable to March 31, 2025 | Schedule 2; Order of payment (2) - Lapse/adjustments: - Most appropriations lapse at year-end, with limited post‑year accounting adjustments allowed before tabling the Public Accounts (Adjustments clauses). - Schedule 2 items can be paid up to March 31, 2025; uncharged balances then lapse, subject to Financial Administration Act adjustments (Schedule 2; Order of payment (2)). ## Proponents' View - Maintains essential services and payments early in the fiscal year, preventing service disruptions while full-year supply is finalized (clauses (a)–(i)). - Uses the “one‑twelfth” control to limit early spending, with higher fractions only where needed (e.g., 11/12 for Indigenous Services operations totaling $21,507,016,194) (Schedule 1.7). - Provides significant interim funding for grants and contributions that support people and communities, such as Employment and Social Development ($4,946,142,541 at 6/12) and Indigenous Services ($11,993,183,612 at 9/12) (Schedule 1.3; Schedule 1.5). - Keeps national transportation and security functions operating, including CATSA (6/12), RCMP operations (5/12), and VIA Rail (4/12) (Schedules 1.3, 1.2, 1.1). - Two-year authority for CBSA and CRA improves project planning and cash flow for large, ongoing operations and capital work (Schedule 2; Order of payment (2)). - Re-spend authorities let departments offset costs with the revenues they collect (e.g., service fees), which can reduce pressure on voted funds (multiple Votes across Schedules). ## Opponents' View - Authorizes very large sums with limited debate on individual programs; interim supply bundles many items into a single vote structure (Summary; Schedules 1.1–1.8). - Front-loading some items at 9–11 twelfths (e.g., $26,789,930,964 in Schedule 1.7) reduces later parliamentary leverage to adjust those budgets (Schedule 1.7). - Government Contingencies ($687,500,000) gives broad discretion to supplement other appropriations and fund urgent or unforeseen items, which can dilute line-by-line oversight (Schedule 1.7). - Two-year appropriations and post‑year “adjustments in accounts” rules can make spending less transparent across fiscal years, even if they do not require new payments from the fund (Adjustments clauses; Schedule 2). - Widespread “re-spend” authorities may weaken appropriations control by allowing departments to increase available resources when revenues rise, with limited real-time scrutiny (multiple Votes citing Financial Administration Act s.29.1).

Employment Insurance sickness benefits extended to 52 weeks

## Summary This bill changes the Employment Insurance (EI) Act to raise the maximum length of EI sickness benefits from 15 to 52 weeks for people who cannot work due to illness, injury, or quarantine. It amends two EI provisions to set the new 52‑week limit for both regular employees and self‑employed people who opt into EI special benefits. It also includes a coordinating clause so its changes prevail over related timing provisions in the Budget Implementation Act, 2021, No. 1 (BIA 2021) (Coordinating Amendment). - Raises the EI sickness benefit cap from 15 to 52 weeks (Paragraph 12(3)(c); Paragraph 152.14(1)(c)). - Applies to both insured employees and self‑employed participants in EI special benefits (Paragraph 152.14(1)(c)). - Does not change the benefit rate, eligibility test, or maximum insurable earnings; only the maximum weeks (Bill text limits changes to paragraphs setting “maximum number of weeks”). - Includes a clause to avoid conflict with BIA 2021 timing provisions (Coordinating Amendment (2)–(3)). ## What it means for you - Households / Workers - If you qualify for EI sickness benefits, you could receive up to 52 weeks instead of 15 weeks for illness, injury, or quarantine (Paragraph 12(3)(c)). - The weekly payment formula and earnings cap remain the same; the bill does not change the benefit rate or eligibility rules (Bill text only amends maximum weeks). - Start date: The bill does not set a special start date. If no other clause applies, Acts without a coming‑into‑force clause take effect on Royal Assent. The coordinating clause manages overlap with BIA 2021 sections (Coordinating Amendment (2)–(3)). Data unavailable on transitional rules for existing claims. - Self‑employed individuals who opted into EI special benefits - You would also be eligible for up to 52 weeks of sickness benefits under the voluntary EI special benefits regime (Paragraph 152.14(1)(c)). - No change to opt‑in requirements or contribution rules is included in the bill (Bill text only amends maximum weeks). - Employers - Payroll processes for EI deductions continue as usual; the bill does not set premium rates or new reporting duties (Bill text). - Over time, total EI sickness benefit payouts would likely rise. Future EI premium rates are set separately by the EI Commission, not by this bill. Data unavailable on timing or size of any rate changes. - Service users - Service Canada would need to administer longer‑duration sickness claims. The bill does not include service standards or system changes. Data unavailable on processing impacts. ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - No fiscal note or official cost estimate is provided in the bill text. Data unavailable. - The bill contains no direct appropriation; EI benefits are statutory and paid from the EI Operating Account (Bill structure). - Increasing the maximum from 15 to 52 weeks would increase total EI sickness benefit payouts to the extent claimants use additional weeks (Paragraph 12(3)(c); Paragraph 152.14(1)(c)). Data unavailable on magnitude. - EI premium rates are not set by this bill; any future rate adjustments would be determined through the established rate‑setting process. Data unavailable. ## Proponents' View - Extending the cap to 52 weeks gives workers who remain ill beyond 15 weeks continued income support, reducing gaps during recovery (Paragraph 12(3)(c); Paragraph 152.14(1)(c)). - Applies equally to employees and self‑employed EI participants, ensuring consistent treatment across EI sickness benefits (Paragraph 152.14(1)(c)). - The change is simple and targeted: it only alters the maximum weeks, leaving other EI rules intact, which may ease implementation (Bill text). - The coordinating clause prevents conflict with BIA 2021 timing provisions, clarifying that the 52‑week limit governs if both laws would otherwise overlap (Coordinating Amendment (2)–(3)). ## Opponents' View - Longer maximum durations will raise EI sickness benefit expenditures and could put upward pressure on future EI premium rates for workers and employers; the bill provides no offsetting savings or funding source (Bill text; no fiscal note). - The bill does not include transition rules, which may create unequal treatment between claims opened before and after coming into force (Bill text lacks transitional provisions). - Administrative systems and staffing may need adjustments to handle longer claims, creating implementation risk and potential processing delays. Data unavailable. - The bill does not address interactions with other income‑replacement programs (e.g., employer long‑term disability plans), leaving coordination questions to existing practice. Data unavailable.

Budget bill boosts housing, ends student interest

## Summary This federal budget bill (Fall Economic Statement Implementation Act, 2022) makes wide tax and program changes. It targets housing, student debt, clean energy, mining, cannabis/vaping duties, banking taxes, charities, and First Nation land management. It also sets up funding for the Canada Growth Fund. - Housing: new anti‑flipping rule, Tax‑Free First Home Savings Account (FHSA), double the First‑Time Home Buyers’ Tax Credit, and a Multigenerational Home Renovation Tax Credit (Part 1). - Students/apprentices: permanent elimination of interest on federal student and apprentice loans starting April 1, 2023 (Part 4, Div. 5). - Banks/insurers: a one‑time “Canada Recovery Dividend” and a permanent 1.5% tax rate increase on income over $100 million (Part 1). - Natural resources and clean tech: 30% Critical Mineral Exploration Tax Credit; extend clean‑energy write‑offs to air‑source heat pumps (Part 1). - Cannabis/vaping: quarterly duty remittances for some cannabis licensees; new stamping/marking rules for vaping (Part 2). - First Nations land: enacts the Framework Agreement on First Nation Land Management and repeals the prior Act (Part 4, Div. 3). - Creates Canada Growth Fund structure and authorizes up to CAD $2 billion from the Consolidated Revenue Fund (Part 4, Div. 1). ## What it means for you - Households and homebuyers - Anti‑flipping rule: Profit on a Canadian home sold within 365 days is taxed as business income; losses denied. Life‑event exceptions apply (death, divorce, new job, etc.). Applies to sales after 2022 (Part 1, s. 12(12)–(14)). - FHSA: First‑time buyers can contribute up to $8,000/year, $40,000 lifetime, with tax‑deductible contributions and tax‑free withdrawals for a first home (starts April 1, 2023). Excess contributions face a 1%/month tax (Part 1, s. 146.6; s. 207.021). - First‑Time Home Buyers’ Tax Credit: Base amount increased to $10,000 for 2022+, worth up to $1,500 (Part 1, s. 118.05(3)). - Multigenerational Home Renovation Tax Credit: 15% credit on up to $50,000 to build a secondary unit for a senior (65+) or an adult with a disability to live with a relative; max benefit $7,500; one claim per qualifying individual (2023+) (Part 1, s. 122.92). - Underused Housing Tax vacation property exemption: Properties in certain rural areas used at least 28 days/year can be exempt (2022+) (Part 3; UHT Regulations). - Students and apprentices - No interest on Canada Student Loans and Canada Apprentice Loans starting April 1, 2023. Interest accrued before that date still owed (Part 4, Div. 5). - Clarifies repayment timing during the 2021‑2023 interest suspension for apprentice loans (Part 4, Div. 5). - Families using fertility services - Medical Expense Tax Credit expanded to include eligible Canadian surrogacy and donor costs and fees to fertility clinics/donor banks for 2022+ (Part 1, s. 118.2(2.21), (2)(v)). - Seniors and people with disabilities - May benefit from the Multigenerational Home Renovation Tax Credit if moving into a new secondary unit with a relative (Part 1, s. 122.92). - Small businesses - More access to the small business tax rate as the phase‑out now runs up to $50 million in taxable capital (for years beginning on/after April 7, 2022) (Part 1, s. 125(5.1)(a)). - Banks, life insurers, and their customers/investors - Canada Recovery Dividend: a temporary, one‑time 15% tax based on average 2020–2021 taxable income over $1 billion, payable over five years (2022 tax year) (Part VI.2). - Additional 1.5% tax on taxable income over $100 million (years ending after April 7, 2022) (Part 1, s. 123.6). - Investors and charities - 30% Critical Mineral Exploration Tax Credit for flow‑through share investors on specified Canadian critical‑mineral exploration (agreements Apr 7, 2022–Mar 31, 2027) (Part 1, s. 127(9)). - Charities’ disbursement quota increased to 5% for investment assets above $1,000,000; 3.5% remains below that; Minister can reduce on application (for years starting Jan 1, 2023) (Part 1, s. 149.1). - Cannabis and vaping producers/retailers - Eligible cannabis licensees can remit excise duty quarterly instead of monthly (from April 1, 2022), and licensed transfers of packaged, unstamped product are allowed under authorized service agreements (Part 2). - New marking/stamping and storage rules for vaping products (Part 2). - Trusts and simple “bare trust” arrangements - Many Canadian “express” trusts, including certain bare trusts, must file annual returns listing trustees, settlors, beneficiaries, and controlling persons for years ending after December 30, 2023; penalties apply (Part 1, s. 150(1.2), 163(5)–(6)). - Non‑resident sellers of Canadian residential property - CRA can refuse the clearance certificate if Underused Housing Tax filings or payments for the property are outstanding (Part 1, s. 116(8)). ## Expenses Estimated net fiscal impact: Mixed (new spending and tax relief; new revenues from bank/insurer taxes). Overall net: Data unavailable. Item | Amount | Frequency | Source --- | --- | --- | --- Canada Growth Fund share purchase authority | CAD $2,000,000,000 | One-time cap | Part 4, Div. 1 Eliminate interest on federal student/apprentice loans | CAD $2.7 billion over 5 years; about $556 million/year ongoing | Ongoing program cost | Fall Economic Statement 2022 (Chapter 3) Bank/insurer taxes (Canada Recovery Dividend + 1.5% add‑on) | Data unavailable | Revenue-raising | Part 1; Budget 2022 (context) FHSA and housing tax changes (net) | Data unavailable | Ongoing revenue impact | Part 1 Cannabis duty timing (quarterly remittance) | Data unavailable | May shift cash flow | Part 2 Notes: - The bill text sets the CAD $2.0 billion authority for Canada Growth Fund shares (Part 4, Div. 1). - Fiscal cost of student loan interest elimination is from the federal Fall Economic Statement 2022 (official) (FES 2022, Chapter 3). - Other measure-by-measure fiscal impacts are not stated in the bill text. Public budget documents provide context but not all itemized figures in this bill. Where not certain, “Data unavailable.” ## Proponents' View - Eases first‑time home purchases: FHSA allows $8,000/year, $40,000 lifetime, with deductible contributions and tax‑free withdrawals; the Home Buyers’ Credit doubles to $10,000 base (worth up to $1,500) (Part 1, s. 146.6; s. 118.05(3)). - Curbs rapid flipping: Profits on homes sold within 1 year are fully taxable as business income, with clear life‑event exceptions (sales after 2022) (Part 1, s. 12(12)–(14)). - Supports multigenerational living: 15% credit on up to $50,000 to add a secondary unit for a senior or adult with a disability, up to $7,500 back (2023+) (Part 1, s. 122.92). - Reduces student debt burden: Permanently ends interest on federal student and apprentice loans starting April 1, 2023; FES 2022 estimated a 5‑year cost of about CAD $2.7 billion, directly lowering borrowers’ costs (Part 4, Div. 5; FES 2022). - Raises revenue from largest financial institutions: One‑time 15% Canada Recovery Dividend and a 1.5% permanent surcharge on income over $100 million (years ending after April 7, 2022) (Part VI.2; Part 1, s. 123.6). - Accelerates critical minerals and clean energy: 30% exploration credit for specified critical minerals and tax measures for air‑source heat pumps (Part 1, s. 127(9); Regs Class 43.1). ## Opponents' View - Housing demand may rise faster than supply: FHSA and a larger credit could boost demand and prices unless supply grows; the bill does not add housing units (assumption risk) (Part 1). - Anti‑flipping rule could catch valid short‑term sales: Despite exceptions, some urgent personal or market reasons may not qualify; losses are denied, increasing tax risk (Part 1, s. 12(14)). - Broad trust reporting may burden ordinary people: Bare trust arrangements (e.g., adding a family member to title) face new filing and steep penalties (min $2,500 or 5% of highest asset value), with confusion and compliance costs (Part 1, s. 150(1.2), 163(5)–(6)). - Bank/insurer taxes may be passed through: Institutions could offset costs with higher fees, lower savings rates, or reduced dividends; impact on lending is uncertain (Part VI.2; Part 1, s. 123.6). Assumption risk. - Charity payout increase could strain smaller endowments: A 5% disbursement quota above $1,000,000 may force asset sales in weak markets; the Minister can reduce quotas case‑by‑case, but relief is not automatic (Part 1, s. 149.1). - Phasing out flow‑through shares for oil, gas and coal may reduce exploration/jobs in those sectors; transition support is limited in the bill text (Part 1, s. 66(12.6), (12.62)).

Extra $20.8B Keeps Federal Services Running

## Summary This supply bill authorizes the federal government to spend up to CAD $20,796,964,176 from the Consolidated Revenue Fund to cover 2022–2023 expenses not already approved in earlier estimates. It implements Supplementary Estimates (B), setting out department-by-department items and conditions. Most items take effect retroactively to April 1, 2022, and some can be spent until March 31, 2024 (Schedule 2). - Total authorized: $20,796,964,176, split between Schedule 1 ($20,385,294,997) and Schedule 2 ($411,669,179) (Schedules 1–2). - Funds may be used only for the stated purposes in each item (Bill — Purpose of each item). - Items are deemed effective April 1, 2022; Schedule 2 items can be paid through March 31, 2024, with unspent balances then lapsing (Bill — Effective date; Order of payment; Schedule 2). - Adjustments to the accounts are allowed after year-end for items in Schedules 1–2, without further cash payments (Bill — Adjustments in accounts). - Transfers listed in the Estimates are deemed authorized as of April 1, 2022 (Bill — Transfers of appropriations). ## What it means for you - Households - Core federal services continue. This bill keeps departments funded through March 31, 2023, avoiding service interruptions (Authorization clause; Schedules 1–2). - Public health programs are supported by $1,362,767,516 for the Public Health Agency of Canada and $170,395,528 for Health Canada (Schedule 1). - Housing programs administered by CMHC receive $694,622,759 in reimbursements for loan forgiveness and related costs under the National Housing Act (Schedule 1). - Indigenous peoples and communities - Significant funding authority to Crown‑Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs ($6,295,072,424) and Indigenous Services Canada ($2,220,494,576) for operating costs and contributions, including capital at ISC (Schedule 1). - Newcomers and refugees - Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada is authorized $1,181,595,286 for operations, capital, and contributions “including the provision of goods and services” (Schedule 1). - Travelers and border users - Canada Border Services Agency receives $217,846,786 (operating and capital) that can be charged to 2022–2023 or 2023–2024, payable through March 31, 2024 (Schedule 2; Order of payment). - Businesses and nonprofits - Regional development agencies (e.g., Western Economic Diversification $106,130,786; Quebec $126,642,591; Pacific $85,535,883; Atlantic $20,000,000) receive contribution authority (Schedule 1). - Global Affairs Canada is authorized $1,210,664,263 for trade promotion, international assistance, and related contributions (Schedule 1). - Public servants and pension/benefit plan members - Treasury Board Secretariat central votes cover compensation adjustments ($385,380,126), public service insurance and benefits ($536,506,604), and operating budget carry-forward ($415,000,000) (Schedule 1). - Local and provincial governments - Several votes allow contributions to provinces and municipalities for projects (e.g., Fisheries and Oceans capital contributions; Environment capital; Parks Canada contributions) (Schedule 1 — DFO 5b; Environment 5b; Parks Canada 1b). - Arts, culture, and media users - Funding authority for CBC ($21,000,000), Canada Council ($9,200,000), Telefilm ($9,200,000), museums, and galleries supports ongoing operations (Schedule 1). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: CAD $20,796,964,176 (FY2022–2023). - Key totals from the bill: - Schedule 1 total: $20,385,294,997 (Schedule 1). - Schedule 2 total: $411,669,179 (Schedule 2). - Combined: $20,796,964,176 (Summary; Authorization clause). Item | Amount | Frequency | Source --- | --- | --- | --- Crown‑Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs | $6,295,072,424 | One-time (FY2022–2023) | Schedule 1 Indigenous Services Canada | $2,220,494,576 | One-time (FY2022–2023) | Schedule 1 Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness | $1,664,337,939 | One-time (FY2022–2023) | Schedule 1 Treasury Board Secretariat (central votes and operations) | $1,374,308,887 | One-time (FY2022–2023) | Schedule 1 Public Health Agency of Canada | $1,362,767,516 | One-time (FY2022–2023) | Schedule 1 Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development | $1,210,664,263 | One-time (FY2022–2023) | Schedule 1 Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada | $1,181,595,286 | One-time (FY2022–2023) | Schedule 1 Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation | $694,622,759 | One-time (FY2022–2023) | Schedule 1 Fisheries and Oceans | $437,295,115 | One-time (FY2022–2023) | Schedule 1 Employment and Social Development | $402,841,884 | One-time (FY2022–2023) | Schedule 1 Royal Canadian Mounted Police | $314,042,840 | One-time (FY2022–2023) | Schedule 1 Natural Resources | $304,392,462 | One-time (FY2022–2023) | Schedule 1 Canada Border Services Agency | $217,846,786 | Payable to Mar 31, 2024 | Schedule 2 Canada Revenue Agency | $193,822,393 | Payable to Mar 31, 2024 | Schedule 2 - Other notable items: - Transport Canada $151,570,682; Health Canada $170,395,528; Agriculture and Agri‑Food $149,214,887; Public Services and Procurement $192,728,830 (Schedule 1). - Departments and agencies often have authority to spend revenues they collect to offset related expenditures (multiple votes in Schedule 1). ## Proponents' View - Ensures continuity of government services by providing $20,796,964,176 in additional 2022–2023 authority based on Supplementary Estimates (B) (Summary; Schedules 1–2). - Targets priority areas with large, specified allocations, including Indigenous services and settlements ($8.52 billion combined for CIRNAC and ISC), public health ($1.36 billion to PHAC), and public safety ($1.66 billion) (Schedule 1). - Supports immigration processing and newcomer services through IRCC operating, capital, and contribution authority totaling $1.18 billion (Schedule 1). - Provides central funding for negotiated pay and benefits ($385.38 million compensation adjustments; $536.51 million public service insurance) to avoid ad hoc pressures on departments (Schedule 1 — TBS 15b, 20b). - Allows timely response to late‑year needs by deeming items effective April 1, 2022 and permitting certain payments to be made up to March 31, 2024 (Bill — Effective date; Order of payment; Schedule 2). ## Opponents' View - Oversight limits: A single omnibus appropriation makes it hard to scrutinize program‑level impacts despite precise totals (Schedules 1–2). Many items are broad (e.g., “the grants listed in any of the Estimates for the fiscal year”). - Retroactive effect reduces in‑year parliamentary control, since items are deemed effective April 1, 2022 even if passed later (Bill — Effective date). - Carry‑forward risk: Schedule 2 funds can be paid until March 31, 2024, and lapsing rules may blur year‑end accountability (Bill — Order of payment; Schedule 2). - Large central votes concentrate spending authority at Treasury Board Secretariat ($1.37 billion total, including $415 million operating budget carry‑forward), which may weaken line‑department transparency (Schedule 1 — TBS 25b). - Future‑year commitments: National Defence is authorized total commitments of $52,571,272,691, with $28,418,149,125 due in future years, raising concerns about long‑term liabilities beyond the fiscal year (Schedule 1 — DND 1b). - Widespread authority to “expend revenues received” across departments can reduce visibility on gross spending and service cost recovery (multiple votes in Schedule 1).

Canada Criminalizes Organ Trafficking, Bars Offenders

## Summary This bill creates new crimes for trafficking in human organs and changes immigration rules to bar people involved in organ trafficking from entering or staying in Canada. It applies to acts done in Canada and to certain acts done abroad by Canadian citizens and permanent residents. It also sets a maximum prison term of 14 years for these crimes. - Makes it a crime to remove, help remove, or receive an organ for transplant if informed consent was not given, or if the person is reckless about whether consent was given (Criminal Code s.240.1(1)). - Makes it a crime to obtain or help obtain an organ for transplant if it was provided for consideration (payment or other benefit), or if the person is reckless about that (Criminal Code s.240.1(2)). - Sets a maximum penalty of 14 years in prison (Criminal Code s.240.1(3)). - Applies to acts done outside Canada by citizens and permanent residents; such acts are deemed committed in Canada for prosecution (Criminal Code s.7(4.2)). - Requires the Attorney General’s consent before prosecutors can proceed under the extraterritorial rule (Criminal Code s.7(4.3)). - Makes a foreign national or permanent resident inadmissible (not allowed to enter or remain) if the Minister finds they engaged in conduct that would be an organ‑trafficking offence in Canada (IRPA s.35(1)(c.1)). ## What it means for you - Households and patients - Receiving a transplant organ that was removed without informed consent, or for consideration, can lead to criminal charges, even if the surgery happened abroad (Criminal Code s.240.1(1)–(2); s.7(4.2)). Effective on coming into force (date not stated in text provided). - People who arrange or facilitate a transplant involving a non‑consensual organ may face charges, including those who act on behalf of, at the direction of, or with the person who removed the organ (Criminal Code s.240.1(1)(c)). - Health workers and facilitators - Doctors, hospital staff, brokers, and coordinators who participate in or facilitate a removal without informed consent face criminal liability, with a maximum of 14 years in prison (Criminal Code s.240.1(1), (3)). - Anyone who participates in obtaining an organ for consideration (payment or benefit) for transplant faces criminal liability (Criminal Code s.240.1(2)). - Canadians abroad - Canadian citizens and permanent residents can be prosecuted in Canada for qualifying acts done outside Canada, with the Attorney General’s consent (Criminal Code s.7(4.2)–(4.3)). - Immigrants, visitors, and permanent residents - A foreign national can be found inadmissible to Canada if the Minister is of the opinion they engaged in conduct that would be an offence under the new Criminal Code section (IRPA s.35(1)(c.1)). - A permanent resident may also be found inadmissible on the same ground, which can affect their status (IRPA s.35(1)(c.1)). - “Inadmissible” means not allowed to enter or remain in Canada; this can lead to refusal of entry, removal, or denial of status changes. ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - No explicit appropriations or new fees in the bill text. Data unavailable. - Potential costs for investigations, prosecutions, and corrections related to new Criminal Code offences. Data unavailable. - Potential costs for screening, intelligence, and case processing at IRCC and CBSA due to the new inadmissibility ground (IRPA s.35(1)(c.1)). Data unavailable. - Proceedings for extraterritorial cases require Attorney General consent (Criminal Code s.7(4.3)). Fiscal impact: Data unavailable. ## Proponents' View - Creates a clear national ban on organ trafficking with strong penalties, which they argue will deter “transplant tourism” and related abuse (Criminal Code s.240.1(1)–(3)). Assumes deterrence effect. - Covers people who knowingly benefit or are reckless about consent or payment, closing perceived loopholes for recipients and facilitators (Criminal Code s.240.1(1)(a)–(c), s.240.1(2)). - Extends Canadian jurisdiction to citizens and permanent residents abroad, allowing Canada to act even when offences occur outside the country (Criminal Code s.7(4.2)). - Adds an immigration bar so that those involved in organ trafficking cannot enter or remain in Canada, which proponents say helps prevent Canada from being a safe haven (IRPA s.35(1)(c.1)). - Requires Attorney General consent for extraterritorial prosecutions, which proponents say ensures careful case selection and oversight (Criminal Code s.7(4.3)). Assumes this improves consistency. ## Opponents' View - Enforcement abroad may be difficult; proving lack of informed consent or that consideration was paid in a foreign setting can be hard, raising risk of weak or uneven enforcement (Criminal Code s.240.1(1)–(2)). Assumes limited access to foreign evidence. - The “reckless” standard could expose recipients or facilitators to prosecution even when documentation is incomplete, potentially discouraging legitimate transplants where proof is unclear (Criminal Code s.240.1(1)–(2)). Assumes documentation gaps. - The immigration bar relies on the Minister’s “opinion,” which critics may view as a low threshold that could lead to inadmissibility decisions without criminal convictions (IRPA s.35(1)(c.1)). Assumes due process concerns. - Health providers may face uncertainty about what verification is needed to avoid liability, which could lead to defensive practices or reduced willingness to assist patients with transplant needs (Criminal Code s.240.1(1)). Assumes compliance burdens. - Investigations, prosecutions, and detention could add costs without clear data on prevalence, making cost‑effectiveness uncertain. Data unavailable.

National Plan for Crypto Sector Growth

## Summary This bill orders the Minister of Finance to create a national framework to support the growth of the cryptoasset sector. It sets consultation rules, timelines, and reporting duties, but it does not change taxes, securities rules, or consumer protections. “Cryptoassets” are defined as digital assets secured by cryptography (like blockchain) that do not rely on a central authority (Interpretation). - Requires a framework that lowers barriers to entry, protects people working in the sector, and minimizes red tape (National Framework on Cryptoassets (1)-(2)). - Sets formal consultations with experts named by provinces and territories, plus public input (Consultations (1), (3)). - Bars recent lobbyists and federal public-sector employees from the designated expert group (Consultations (1)(b)-(c)). - Publishes designated experts’ submissions within 1 year of the Act coming into force (Consultations (4)). - Tables a draft framework in Parliament within 18 months after those submissions are published, then invites 3 months of public comment (Draft framework (1), (3)). - Tables the final framework within 3 years of the Act coming into force and publishes it within 10 days (Reporting Requirements (1)-(2)). - Provinces are not required to implement anything outside federal jurisdiction (Implementation Clarification). ## What it means for you - Households - No immediate change to taxes, banking, or consumer protections. The bill creates a plan and consultation process, not new rules (entire Act). - You can submit written comments during two windows: initial public submissions, and comments on the draft framework for 3 months after notice (Consultations (3); Draft framework (3)). - Workers in the crypto sector - The framework must consider protections for people working in the sector (National Framework on Cryptoassets (2)). - Provinces and territories may nominate people with experience in the sector to give written submissions within 3 months of the Act coming into force (Consultations (1)-(2)). - To be a designated expert, you must not have been required to file a lobbying return under the Lobbying Act in the past 5 years and must not be a federal public servant or Crown corporation employee (Consultations (1)(b)-(c)). - Businesses (crypto firms, startups, service providers) - No direct regulatory changes now. The goal is to reduce barriers to entry and administrative burden in the future framework (National Framework on Cryptoassets (2)). - You can submit written input as part of the public process and on the draft framework (Consultations (3); Draft framework (3)). - Provinces and territories - You can designate experienced sector participants to submit written views; their submissions will be published within 1 year of the Act coming into force (Consultations (1), (4)). - You are not required to adopt any measures that fall under provincial jurisdiction (Implementation Clarification). - Timeline (after the Act comes into force) - Within 3 months: Minister invites written submissions from designated experts (Consultations (2)). - Within 1 year: Department of Finance publishes designated experts’ submissions (Consultations (4)). - Within 18 months after that publication: Minister tables a draft framework in both Houses; finance committees receive it; 3-month public comment window opens (Draft framework (1)-(3)). - Within 3 years: Minister tables the final framework; publishes it within 10 days (Reporting Requirements (1)-(2)). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - No direct spending or appropriations are in the bill (entire Act). - The Department of Finance will incur administrative costs to run consultations, publish submissions, draft reports, and manage public comments. Data unavailable. - No fiscal note identified. Data unavailable. ## Proponents' View - A clear federal framework can reduce uncertainty, which may lower barriers to entry and administrative burden for firms (National Framework on Cryptoassets (2)). - The consultation rules promote independence by excluding recent lobbyists and current federal employees from the designated expert group (Consultations (1)(b)-(c)). - Transparency is built in: designated experts’ submissions, the draft framework, public comment notice, and the final framework must be published (Consultations (4); Draft framework (3); Reporting Requirements (2)). - The process gives Parliament oversight through tabling and committee referral, which can improve quality and accountability (Draft framework (1)-(2); Reporting Requirements (1)). - Provincial input is formalized while respecting jurisdiction, since provinces are not compelled to implement measures outside federal powers (Consultations (1); Implementation Clarification). ## Opponents' View - The Act creates process but no immediate regulatory clarity or consumer protections, which may delay action for up to 3 years after coming into force (Reporting Requirements (1)). - The definition of “cryptoassets” excludes assets that rely on a central authority, which may leave out parts of the digital asset market and narrow the framework’s scope (Interpretation). - Excluding recent lobbyists could reduce conflicts of interest but may also limit input from some knowledgeable industry participants (Consultations (1)(b)). - Administrative work will require staff time and resources at the Department of Finance; the bill provides no funding or cost estimate, creating budget uncertainty. Data unavailable. - Provinces are not required to act, so the framework could have uneven uptake across Canada, reducing effectiveness (Implementation Clarification).

Cuts Mandatory Minimums, Adds Health-Based Drug Diversion

## Summary Bill C-5 changes parts of the Criminal Code and the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act. It removes several mandatory minimum penalties, lets judges use more conditional sentences (serving time in the community), and directs police and prosecutors to use health‑focused diversion for simple drug possession. It also creates rules to keep simple possession conviction records separate and, after a period, treated as if they never happened. - Removes mandatory minimum penalties for several firearm and drug offences; maximum sentences stay in place (e.g., up to 14 years or life) (Criminal Code ss. 85, 92, 95, 96, 99, 100, 103, 244, 244.2, 344, 346; CDSA ss. 5, 6, 7). - Expands eligibility for conditional sentences; judges still cannot use them for attempt to murder, torture, or advocating genocide (Criminal Code s.742.1). - Requires police to consider warnings or referrals to health and social services for simple possession; prosecutors may proceed only if diversion is not appropriate (CDSA Part I.1, ss.10.1–10.3). - Simple possession conviction records must be kept “separate and apart”; after two years, people are deemed never convicted of that offence (CDSA s.10.6). - Allows service providers (e.g., social workers, medical staff) to handle controlled substances found in their work for disposal without being charged (CDSA s.10.7). - Mandates a parliamentary review four years after the Act takes effect (Review clause). ## What it means for you - Households - If you or a family member face simple possession charges, police must consider a warning or referral to services instead of charges; prosecutors should only prosecute if diversion is not appropriate (CDSA ss.10.2–10.3). - Past and future simple possession convictions will be kept separate; after two years, a person is deemed never convicted of that offence, which may reduce collateral impacts of a record (CDSA s.10.6). - People who use drugs - You may be warned or referred to community programs instead of being charged for simple possession, with your consent for referrals (CDSA s.10.2). - Evidence that you received a warning or referral cannot be used in court to show prior offending behavior (CDSA s.10.5). - Workers (service providers) - Social workers, medical professionals, and similar providers are not guilty of simple possession if they come into possession of drugs in their duties and intend to lawfully dispose of them within a reasonable time (CDSA s.10.7). - Defendants in firearm or drug cases - Judges are no longer bound by certain mandatory minimum penalties; they can set sentences anywhere up to the existing maximums (e.g., up to 10, 14, or life, depending on the offence) (Criminal Code ss. 85, 92, 95, 96, 99, 100, 103, 244, 244.2; CDSA ss. 5–7). - More people will be eligible for conditional sentences served in the community under strict conditions, though not for attempt to murder, torture, or advocating genocide (Criminal Code s.742.1). - Police and prosecutors - Police must consider taking no action, warning, or referring individuals for simple possession before laying charges and must keep a record of warnings or referrals (CDSA ss.10.2, 10.4). - Prosecutors should only proceed with simple possession charges if diversion is not suitable, based on the Act’s health‑based principles (CDSA ss.10.1, 10.3). - Courts and researchers - Courts, police, and certain government officials can access records of warnings/referrals for case administration; researchers can access de‑identified information to assess alternative measures (CDSA s.10.4). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - The bill includes no direct appropriations or fees. - Possible impacts on costs or savings (e.g., incarceration vs. community supervision, diversion program capacity) are not quantified in the bill or an official fiscal note. Data unavailable. ## Proponents' View - Judicial discretion improves fairness by allowing sentences that fit the offence and the person, rather than fixed minimums (Criminal Code penalty changes; CDSA ss.5–7). - Conditional sentences let suitable offenders serve time under strict conditions in the community, which proponents say can support rehabilitation while keeping maximum penalties for serious crimes (Criminal Code s.742.1). Data unavailable on outcomes. - Diversion for simple possession follows health‑based principles set in the Act and aims to reduce harm and stigma from criminal sanctions (CDSA s.10.1). - Records for simple possession being kept separate and later deemed not convictions can reduce long‑term barriers tied to criminal records, such as employment or housing screenings (CDSA s.10.6). Data unavailable on scale. - Serious offences still carry high maximums (e.g., up to 14 years for several firearm offences and life for certain drug offences), so courts can impose strong penalties when needed (Criminal Code ss. 85, 244, 244.2; CDSA ss.5–7). ## Opponents' View - Removing mandatory minimums may lead to lighter sentences for gun and drug crimes and reduce deterrence, depending on judicial decisions (Criminal Code ss. 85, 95, 244, 244.2; CDSA ss.5–7). Data unavailable on deterrent effects. - Expanding conditional sentences could place higher‑risk individuals back in the community, raising supervision and enforcement demands on probation services (Criminal Code s.742.1). Data unavailable on capacity. - Diversion relies on police and prosecutor judgment; application may vary by region, creating uneven outcomes (CDSA ss.10.2–10.3). - Keeping warning/referral records while deeming some convictions to have “never” occurred may create confusion about what information is accessible to whom, and when (CDSA ss.10.4–10.6). - The Act encourages referrals to health and social services but does not fund them, which may strain existing programs if referrals increase (CDSA s.10.1). Data unavailable on program capacity.

Kids' dental benefit and renter payment

## Summary The bill creates two temporary benefits to help with living costs. One supports dental care for children under 12. The other gives a one-time payment to low‑income renters who paid rent in 2022. It also adds enforcement, privacy, and tax rules to run these programs. - Interim Canada Dental Benefit for children under 12 without dental insurance; payments scale by family income (Dental Benefit Act, Amount of benefit (1)). - One-time $500 renter payment for people with low 2021 income whose 2022 rent was at least 30% of their 2021 income (Rental Housing Benefit Act, Eligibility (1)(e)-(g)). - Applications require an attestation and contact details for a dentist or landlord; receipts may be requested (Dental Benefit Act, Application; Provision of information; Rental Housing Benefit Act, Application; Provision of information). - Overpayments can be recovered; penalties up to 50% of the benefit; offences carry fines and possible jail time (Violations; Offences in both Acts). - Dental benefits are non-taxable under the Income Tax Act (Part 3, ITA s.81(1)(t)); the bill text does not specify tax treatment for the renter benefit. ## What it means for you - Households (children under 12) - Cash for dental care if your adjusted family income is under $90,000 and the child has no access to dental insurance through any person’s job (Dental Benefit Act, Eligibility (1)(c),(e)). - Amount per child per period: CAD $650 if income < $70,000; $390 if $70,000–$79,999; $260 if $80,000–$89,999 (Amount of benefit (1)). - Shared custody: payment is 50% of the above amounts (Amount of benefit (2)). - Timing: apply December 1, 2022–June 30, 2023 for services in October 1, 2022–June 30, 2023; apply July 1, 2023–June 30, 2024 for services in July 1, 2023–June 30, 2024 (Applications — first/second period). - Extra help: you may apply once more if the child’s dental costs for a period exceed $650 and you meet conditions in the Act (Application — additional dental benefit). - Max per child: no more than two dental benefits (or four half‑benefits for shared custody) (Amount of benefit (5)). - You must list the dental provider’s name and contact, and the month of service; you may be asked for receipts later (Application — form, manner and contents; Provision of information (1)). - Renters - One-time CAD $500 if you are at least 15 on the reference day, lived in Canada in 2022, filed a 2021 tax return (you and your spouse/partner, if any), had 2021 adjusted income ≤ $35,000 (with spouse/partner or a qualifying dependant) or ≤ $20,000 otherwise, and paid 2022 rent for your principal residence in Canada (Eligibility (1)(a)-(f)). - Your 2022 rent must be at least 30% of your 2021 adjusted income (Eligibility (1)(g)). - Application window: from the reference day (the later of December 1, 2022 and coming‑into‑force) to 120 days after that day (Application). - You must attest to rent paid and provide your address and the payee’s contact (Attestation). - If your payment covered room and board with no split listed, only 90% counts as rent for the 30% test (Eligibility (2)). - Rent paid to a related person that is not reported as income by that person does not count (Definition of rent (d)). - Couples: only one cohabiting spouse/partner can receive the payment; if you lived apart in 2022, rules specify whose rent counts (Eligibility (3),(4),(7)). - People with dental insurance - Not eligible for the dental benefit if the child was insured or had access to a workplace dental plan on the relevant dates (Eligibility (1)(d)-(e)). - All applicants (program integrity and protections) - Benefits cannot be assigned, seized, or garnished; they are protected from bankruptcy proceedings (Benefit cannot be charged, etc., in both Acts). - The Minister may ask for information or documents; failure can make you ineligible (Provision of information and documents; Ineligibility). - If you were overpaid, you must repay; the government can recover debts, but no interest applies on overpayments (Return of overpayment; No interest payable). - False statements can lead to penalties up to 50% of the benefit (max $5,000 for dental) and offences with fines and possible imprisonment up to two years less a day (Violations; Offences). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - Per‑recipient amounts set in the bill: - Dental: CAD $650/$390/$260 per child per period based on income; 50% for shared custody (Dental Benefit Act, Amount of benefit (1)-(2)). - Renter: CAD $500 one‑time payment (Rental Housing Benefit Act, Payment of benefit). - Funding mechanism: - All payments come from the Consolidated Revenue Fund; CRA/CMHC may administer (Dental Benefit Act, Payment out of CRF; Rental Housing Benefit Act, Payment out of CRF; Corporation; Minister of National Revenue). - Tax treatment: - Dental benefit is non‑taxable (Part 3, Income Tax Act s.81(1)(t)). - Rental benefit tax treatment not specified in the bill text provided. Data unavailable. - Appropriations or multi‑year totals: - The bill authorizes payments but does not state total appropriations or projected uptake. Data unavailable. ## Proponents' View - Targets children who lack dental insurance and families under $90,000, reducing cost barriers to needed care now while a longer‑term program is developed (Preamble; Eligibility (1)(c),(e)). - Scaled dental amounts ($260–$650) focus more help on lower‑income families (Amount of benefit (1)). - Renter payment targets those with high rent burden by using a 30%‑of‑income test and low 2021 income limits (Eligibility (1)(e)-(g)). - Simple, application‑based delivery can move money quickly using CRA/CMHC systems; attestation plus receipts on request balance speed and integrity (Application; Provision of information). - Benefits are protected from seizure and bankruptcy, ensuring households keep the support (Benefit cannot be charged, etc.). - Clear penalties and offences deter fraud while allowing up to three years to impose administrative penalties and five years to prosecute offences (Violations; Limitation of penalties; Offences). ## Opponents' View - Many families with insurance but high out‑of‑pocket costs are excluded from the dental benefit, regardless of need (Eligibility (1)(d)-(e)). - Renter payment hinges on filing a 2021 return within 120 days, which may exclude newcomers, low‑income people who did not file, or those with complex tax situations (Eligibility (1)(d); Application). - Using 2021 income to test a 2022 rent burden may miss current hardship or income shocks; the 30% rule can exclude near‑threshold households (Eligibility (1)(g)). - One‑time renter payment is not ongoing and only covers 2022 rent; the application window is short (120 days) (Payment of benefit; Application). - Administrative demands on applicants (dentist/landlord contact info, employer info for dental applications) may be hard for people in informal settings or with limited documentation (Application — form, manner and contents; Rental Attestation). - Overpayment recovery, 72‑month reconsideration for suspected false statements, and penalties up to 50% create uncertainty and potential hardship if mistakes occur (Reconsideration (5); Violations (3); Return of overpayment).

Châteauguay—Lacolle Riding Renamed in Quebec

## Summary This bill changes the official name of the federal electoral district “Châteauguay—Lacolle” to “Châteauguay—Les Jardins-de-Napierville.” It amends the 2013 representation order for Quebec by substituting the district name. The change takes effect 6 months after Royal Assent, unless the Chief Electoral Officer finishes preparations sooner and publishes a notice in the Canada Gazette, in which case it takes effect on that publication date (Bill, Coming into Force clause). - Changes only the district’s name; no boundary or representation changes (Bill, Name change clause). - Applies to the Quebec district currently named “Châteauguay—Lacolle” (Bill, Name change clause). - Effective 6 months after Royal Assent, or earlier if the Chief Electoral Officer publishes readiness in the Canada Gazette (Bill, Coming into Force clause). - Elections Canada will use the new name on official materials once in force (Bill, Coming into Force clause). ## What it means for you - Households (voters in the district): - The district will be called “Châteauguay—Les Jardins-de-Napierville” on federal election materials after the in-force date (Bill, Name change clause; Coming into Force clause). - Your voting boundaries, polling location, and current Member of Parliament do not change because this bill only changes the name (Bill, Name change clause). - Timing: 6 months after Royal Assent, or earlier if a Canada Gazette notice is published by the Chief Electoral Officer (Bill, Coming into Force clause). - Candidates and political parties: - Must use the new district name for registration, campaigning, and filings after the in-force date (Bill, Name change clause; Coming into Force clause). - No changes to district boundaries or electorate from this bill (Bill, Name change clause). - Elections Canada and federal agencies: - Update the district name in the representation order and on maps, voter information, and other official references after the in-force date (Bill, Name change clause; Coming into Force clause). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - No explicit appropriation or new spending authority in the bill text (Bill, Name change clause; Coming into Force clause). - No fees, taxes, or revenues created or changed by the bill (Bill text). - Administrative costs to implement the name change are not stated. Data unavailable. ## Proponents' View No publicly available information. ## Opponents' View No publicly available information.

Auditor General to Audit Bank of Canada

## Summary This bill, called the Bank of Canada Accountability Act, would add the Auditor General of Canada as one of the Bank of Canada’s auditors. It also keeps an external audit firm, sets a five‑year, non‑renewable term for that firm, and updates two related laws. The bill narrows an exemption in the Financial Administration Act so certain sections apply to the Bank. - Adds the Auditor General as a co‑auditor of the Bank of Canada (Bank of Canada Act s.28(1)). - Requires a private audit firm appointed by Cabinet, on the Finance Minister’s advice, to audit the Bank for five years and not for back‑to‑back terms (s.28(1.1), s.28(2), s.28(4)). - Bars any audit firm if a Bank director is a member of that firm (s.28(4)). - Sets a process to replace the audit firm if a vacancy occurs (s.28(3)). - Updates the Auditor General Act’s definition of “registrar” to include the Bank (Auditor General Act s.2). - Narrows the Bank’s exemption under the Financial Administration Act so specified sections apply (Financial Administration Act s.85(1)). ## What it means for you - Households - No change to the Bank of Canada’s mandate, interest‑rate tools, or your bank services. The bill only changes who audits the Bank (Bank of Canada Act s.28). - The Auditor General becomes one of the Bank’s auditors. Audit findings would be subject to normal reporting rules for the Auditor General (s.28(1); Auditor General Act s.2). - Workers - Bank of Canada employees would respond to audit requests from both the Auditor General and a private audit firm once the law takes effect (s.28(1)). - Businesses and financial institutions - No new duties for private banks or firms. The audit changes apply to the Bank of Canada itself (s.28). - Federal government and Parliament - Cabinet (Governor in Council) appoints the private audit firm on the Finance Minister’s recommendation, for a single five‑year term (s.28(1.1), s.28(2), s.28(4)). - Some sections of the Financial Administration Act would newly apply to the Bank; the bill lists the section numbers but does not describe them (Financial Administration Act s.85(1)). - Timing - The bill does not set a special start date. In Canada, Acts without a coming‑into‑force clause generally take effect on Royal Assent. ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - No direct appropriation in the bill text (Bill overall). - Expected new workload for the Office of the Auditor General to audit the Bank of Canada. Amount and staffing needs: Data unavailable. - Ongoing fees for the private audit firm with mandatory five‑year rotation. Amount: Data unavailable. - Any transition costs at the Bank of Canada to coordinate two auditors. Amount: Data unavailable. - No publicly available fiscal note identified. ## Proponents' View - Adds an independent Officer of Parliament as auditor, which strengthens oversight of the Bank’s financial reporting and controls (Bank of Canada Act s.28(1)). - Keeps an external private audit firm and requires mandatory rotation after five years, which can reduce familiarity risk and improve independence (s.28(2), s.28(4)). - Bars firms linked to Bank directors, which reduces conflict‑of‑interest risk (s.28(4)). - Ensures continuity by requiring quick replacement of any vacated private auditor (s.28(3)). - Narrows the Bank’s exemption under the Financial Administration Act so specified sections apply, which proponents say tightens accountability (Financial Administration Act s.85(1)). - Does not change the Bank’s policy mandate or tools, so monetary policy independence remains intact (Bill text; no mandate changes). ## Opponents' View - Two auditors can duplicate work, raise audit fees, and increase demands on Bank staff, with unclear benefits. The bill sets dual audits but gives no cost controls (s.28(1); Data unavailable). - Mandatory five‑year auditor rotation may raise costs and reduce institutional knowledge, which can lower audit efficiency (s.28(2), s.28(4)). - Adding the Auditor General as auditor could be seen as expanding political oversight of a central bank. Critics warn this perception could affect the Bank’s independence, even though the bill does not alter its mandate (s.28(1)). - The bill narrows the Bank’s exemption from parts of the Financial Administration Act but does not explain the listed sections. Opponents cite legal uncertainty until guidance clarifies what those sections require (Financial Administration Act s.85(1)). - Coordinating two auditors without a detailed framework in the bill could cause delays in issuing financial statements or audit opinions (s.28(1); Data unavailable).

Jury Secrecy Eases for Mental Health Care

## Summary This bill changes Canada’s Criminal Code rule on jury secrecy. It keeps the ban on sharing what happened during jury deliberations but makes limited exceptions. The main new exception lets jurors talk to licensed health care professionals after the trial for treatment tied to their jury service (Bill s. 649(2)(c)). The bill takes effect 90 days after it receives Royal Assent. - Lets jurors and certain support persons speak with licensed health care professionals about jury deliberations after the trial for treatment, therapy, or counselling (Bill s. 649(2)(c), s. 649(3)). - Keeps all other disclosures of jury deliberations a summary conviction offence (Bill s. 649(1)). - Confirms disclosures are also allowed for investigating or testifying about an alleged offence under Criminal Code s. 139(2) related to a juror (Bill s. 649(2)(a)-(b)). - Applies to people who provided technical, personal, interpretative, or other support services to a juror with a physical disability (Bill s. 649(1), s. 649(2)(c)). - Effective 90 days after Royal Assent. ## What it means for you - Households - Jurors may discuss confidential jury-room matters with a licensed doctor, psychologist, therapist, or counsellor after the trial if it is for treatment of health issues from jury service (Bill s. 649(2)(c), s. 649(3)). This does not allow sharing with family, friends, media, or on social media. - Jurors still cannot disclose deliberations during the trial or for non-treatment reasons. Unauthorized disclosure remains an offence punishable on summary conviction (Bill s. 649(1)). - Workers - Health care professionals licensed under provincial law may receive disclosures from jurors for treatment, therapy, or counselling after the trial, limited to health issues arising from jury service (Bill s. 649(2)(c), s. 649(3)). The bill does not create new reporting duties or programs. - People who provided support services to a juror with a physical disability may also seek treatment and disclose to licensed health care professionals under the same limits (Bill s. 649(1), s. 649(2)(c)). - Businesses - No direct changes. Health clinics may see demand from jurors seeking post-trial counselling. Data unavailable. - Courts and justice system - Jury instructions and post-trial materials may need updates to explain the health-care exception and its limits. Data unavailable. - Disclosures are also permitted when investigating or giving evidence about alleged offences under Criminal Code s. 139(2) related to a juror (Bill s. 649(2)(a)-(b)). - Service users - Access to counselling about jury service is clearer. Discussions must be with a licensed health care professional and tied to treatment after the trial (Bill s. 649(2)(c), s. 649(3)). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - No appropriations, new agencies, or mandated programs appear in the bill text (Bill s. 649; Coming-into-Force). - Federal implementation costs (e.g., updating forms, guidance): Data unavailable. - Provincial/territorial health system impacts (e.g., counselling demand): Data unavailable. ## Proponents' View - Improves access to mental health care for jurors by removing the legal barrier to discussing deliberations with licensed providers after the trial (Bill s. 649(2)(c), s. 649(3)). - Keeps core jury secrecy intact because the exception is narrow: only after trial, only to licensed health care professionals, and only for treatment related to jury service (Bill s. 649(2)(c)). - Protects trials from interference by limiting other disclosures and retaining penalties for unauthorized sharing (Bill s. 649(1)). - Recognizes and supports people who provided disability-related support to jurors, giving them the same path to care (Bill s. 649(1), s. 649(2)(c)). - Maintains exceptions for investigations and testimony about alleged offences under Criminal Code s. 139(2), aiding enforcement without broadening access to deliberation details (Bill s. 649(2)(a)-(b)). ## Opponents' View - Risk that the health-care exception could weaken the tradition of strict jury secrecy if disclosures expand beyond treatment purposes; the bill does not set verification mechanisms for treatment intent (Bill s. 649(2)(c)). - Possible uncertainty for jurors and providers about what is “related to” jury service and what is allowed to be shared, which may require guidance and training. Data unavailable. - Health care professionals may receive sensitive information from jurors; while privacy laws apply, the bill does not address secondary disclosures or record-keeping, which could raise confidentiality concerns (Bill s. 649(3)). - Enforcement remains complaint-driven; the bill does not change penalties or create new oversight, which could make improper disclosures hard to detect (Bill s. 649(1)).

One-Time GST Credit Top-Up

## Summary This bill temporarily increases the federal GST/HST credit for lower- and modest‑income Canadians. It adds a one‑time top‑up equal to 50% of a person’s annual GST/HST credit for the 2022-2023 benefit year, paid using 2021 tax return data (Bill Summary; Bill s. 122.5(4.2)). The government stated this is to give quick cost‑of‑living relief through the existing system. - Doubles the GST/HST credit for six months by adding a lump‑sum top‑up equal to half of the annual credit (Bill Summary). - Uses 2021 income to calculate eligibility and amount; no application needed if you filed your 2021 return (Bill s. 122.5(4.2)). - Phases out the benefit at 15% of income over $39,826 (Bill s. 122.5(3.002)(B)). - Shared‑custody parents split the top‑up according to set rules (Bill s. 122.5(3.03)). - Government cost estimated at about CAD $2.5 billion, reaching about 11 million recipients (Department of Finance Backgrounder, September 2022; PBO, October 2022). ## What it means for you - Households - If you already receive the GST/HST credit, you get an extra payment equal to 50% of your annual GST/HST credit for 2022-2023. This is on top of regular quarterly payments (Bill Summary; Bill s. 122.5(3.002)). - The amount depends on family status and income. The top‑up mirrors the same formula used for the GST/HST credit, including amounts for a spouse/partner and each child (Bill s. 122.5(3.002)(a)-(f)). - The credit begins to phase out when family net income exceeds $39,826, at a rate of 15% of income above that level (Bill s. 122.5(3.002)(B)). - You do not need to apply. Filing a 2021 tax return is required for payment. Late filers will receive it after they file (Bill s. 122.5(3.002), (4.2)). - Payment was delivered as a lump sum through the GST/HST credit system before the end of 2022 (Department of Finance Backgrounder, September 2022). - Parents and caregivers - If you have children who qualify for the GST/HST credit, your top‑up is larger because it includes the dependent amounts used in the regular credit formula (Bill s. 122.5(3.002)(d)). - In shared custody, the one‑time top‑up is split between eligible parents under the shared‑custody rule (Bill s. 122.5(3.03)). - Seniors - Seniors who receive the GST/HST credit get the same 50% top‑up based on their 2021 income and family status (Bill s. 122.5(3.002), (4.2)). - Workers and students - Low- and modest‑income workers and students who qualify for the GST/HST credit receive the one‑time top‑up. Those whose 2021 income was too high will not (Bill s. 122.5(3.002), (4.2)). - Businesses - No direct effect on businesses. This bill only changes a personal tax credit (Bill Summary). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: CAD $2.5 billion (FY2022-2023). - Government estimate: About $2.5 billion in one‑time cost, reaching about 11 million individuals and families (Department of Finance Backgrounder, September 2022). - Independent estimate: Parliamentary Budget Officer estimated a similar one‑time fiscal cost in 2022-2023 (PBO, October 2022). Item | Amount | Frequency | Source ---|---|---|--- GST/HST credit top‑up (50% of annual credit) | CAD $2.5 billion | One‑time (2022-2023) | Department of Finance Backgrounder, September 2022; PBO, October 2022 ## Proponents' View - Targets relief to lower- and modest‑income Canadians by using the existing GST/HST credit system, which already screens by income and family size (Bill s. 122.5(3.002); Department of Finance Backgrounder, September 2022). - Quick delivery using CRA systems, with payments issued before the end of 2022 and no need to apply (Department of Finance Backgrounder, September 2022). - Temporary design (a single top‑up equal to six months’ worth) provides near‑term help without creating a permanent program change (Bill Summary). - Scales with need: larger families receive larger amounts because dependants count in the formula (Bill s. 122.5(3.002)(d)). - Clear phase‑out: benefit declines by 15% of income above $39,826, focusing dollars on lower‑income households (Bill s. 122.5(3.002)(B)). ## Opponents' View - Uses 2021 income to determine 2022-2023 payments, which may miss households whose income fell in 2022 and may pay households whose income rose (Bill s. 122.5(4.2)). - One‑time payment provides only short‑term relief; there is no ongoing support beyond the 2022-2023 benefit year (Bill Summary). - Fiscal cost of about $2.5 billion adds to the deficit in 2022-2023 (Department of Finance Backgrounder, September 2022; PBO, October 2022). - Complex formula and shared‑custody rules can be hard for the public to understand, making it difficult to predict exact amounts without CRA calculations (Bill s. 122.5(3.002), (3.03)). - Requires a filed 2021 tax return to receive the payment, which delays or prevents payment to eligible non‑filers until they file (Bill s. 122.5(3.002), (4.2)).

Ban coercing or firing over assisted dying refusal

## Summary This bill amends the Criminal Code to create two new offences related to medical assistance in dying (MAID). It aims to protect the freedom of conscience of health care workers by making it a crime to intimidate or coerce them to take part in MAID, directly or indirectly, and to make it a crime to fire or refuse to hire them only because they refuse to take part in MAID (Preamble; Bill cl. 2(1)–(2)). It does not change who can receive MAID or how MAID is provided. - Creates a criminal offence for using coercion or any form of intimidation to compel a health care worker to take part in MAID, directly or indirectly (Bill cl. 2(1)). - Creates a criminal offence for dismissing or refusing to employ a health care worker only because they refuse to take part in MAID, directly or indirectly (Bill cl. 2(2)). - Applies to medical practitioners, nurse practitioners, pharmacists, and other health care professionals (Bill cl. 2(1)–(2)). - Offences are punishable on summary conviction (a less serious criminal offence category) (Bill cl. 2(1)–(2)). - Comes into force on Royal Assent; no implementation date is specified in the bill text. ## What it means for you - Households and patients - No change to who qualifies for MAID or the legal status of MAID. The bill targets intimidation and employment practices, not patient eligibility (Bill cl. 2). - Access pathways may vary by province or institution if policies change in response to the new offences. The bill itself does not set patient referral or coordination rules. Data unavailable. - Health care professionals (physicians, nurse practitioners, pharmacists, others) - You cannot be criminally coerced or intimidated to take part in MAID, directly or indirectly (which can include activities short of the procedure itself) (Bill cl. 2(1)). - Your employer cannot lawfully fire you or refuse to hire you only because you refuse to take part in MAID, directly or indirectly (Bill cl. 2(2)). - The bill does not define “indirectly.” Practices like “effective referral” may fall within this term, creating legal uncertainty that may require guidance or case law. Data unavailable. - You must still follow all other applicable laws and professional standards. The bill does not provide civil immunity or change licensing rules. - Employers (hospitals, clinics, pharmacies, long-term care, private practices) - You risk a criminal charge if you use coercion or intimidation to compel participation in MAID (Bill cl. 2(1)). - You cannot dismiss or refuse to hire someone for the reason only that they refuse to take part, directly or indirectly, in MAID (Bill cl. 2(2)). You should document legitimate, non-MAID-related reasons for employment decisions. - Review policies, contracts, and training to avoid practices that could be viewed as coercive or as making MAID participation a condition of employment. Data unavailable. - Professional regulators and managers - Rules or directives that effectively compel participation “directly or indirectly” could face challenge or create criminal exposure if enforced through coercive measures (Bill cl. 2(1); Preamble). - Clarify expectations, complaint processes, and non-punitive accommodations for conscience objections. Data unavailable. - Law enforcement and prosecutors - New summary conviction offences may require updates to charging practices and guidance on evidence of “coercion,” “intimidation,” and “indirect” participation (Bill cl. 2(1)–(2)). - No new funding or institutions are created by the bill. ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable (no fiscal note; no appropriations; potential minor enforcement costs through existing systems). - No appropriations or transfers are authorized in the bill text. - Creates two new summary conviction offences enforceable by existing police and provincial prosecution services (Bill cl. 2(1)–(2)). - Data unavailable on expected case volumes, training needs, or administrative costs. ## Proponents' View - Protects freedom of conscience and religion guaranteed by the Charter by preventing coercion to participate in MAID, including indirect participation (Preamble; Bill cl. 2(1)). - Shields health care workers from job loss or hiring discrimination solely for refusing to take part in MAID (Bill cl. 2(2)). - Establishes clear, uniform national criminal law standards rather than varying workplace practices across provinces (Bill cl. 2). - Targets intimidation and coercion without restricting the legality of MAID for eligible patients (Bill cl. 2). - Addresses concerns that “effective referral” requirements can infringe conscience rights by covering indirect participation (Preamble; Bill cl. 2). ## Opponents' View - May impede timely access to MAID if providers decline to participate or refer, especially in rural or underserviced areas; the bill offers no alternative access mechanism. Data unavailable. - “Indirectly” and “coercion/intimidation” are undefined, creating legal uncertainty and potential conflict with provincial or regulatory policies that require effective referral (Bill cl. 2; Preamble). - Could chill legitimate managerial actions (e.g., scheduling, performance management) if seen as pressure related to MAID participation (Bill cl. 2(1)–(2)). - The “for the reason only” standard may make enforcement difficult; employers may cite multiple reasons, complicating proof and consistency (Bill cl. 2(2)). - Increases enforcement and training burdens on institutions, regulators, and police without dedicated resources. Data unavailable.

Provinces can opt out; Quebec keeps health funds

## Summary This bill changes how provinces can take part in federal programs. It lets any province leave a federal program in a provincial area if the province runs its own program with similar goals. The province would still get the same federal money. It also exempts Quebec from the national rules tied to the Canada Health Transfer, so Quebec would receive the full transfer even if it does not meet those rules. - Allows a province to withdraw from a federal program and still get the same funding if it has “comparable objectives” (Bill, FPFAA Part VI.1(1)-(2)). - Exempts Quebec from Canada Health Act compliance rules for receiving the full cash transfer (Bill, CHA s.7(2)). - States Quebec must receive the full Canada Health Transfer cash amount in section 5 of the Act (Bill, CHA s.7(2)). - Creates an exemption for Quebec from paragraph 24(1)(a) of the Federal-Provincial Fiscal Arrangements Act (Bill, FPFAA s.24(2)). - Does not set a process for deciding what counts as “comparable objectives” (Bill, FPFAA Part VI.1). ## What it means for you - Households (Quebec) - No required change to your health coverage on the bill’s passage. The bill does not change Quebec laws or benefits (Bill, CHA s.7(2)). - Quebec would keep receiving full federal health funding even if it does not meet national criteria and conditions in the Canada Health Act (Bill, CHA s.7(2); CHA ss.8-12). - Patients and health service users (Quebec) - Federal penalties for non-compliance with national health criteria would not apply to Quebec. This removes a federal lever that can reduce cash transfers over extra-billing or user charges (Bill, CHA s.7(2); CHA ss.18-20). - Any change to fees or access would still depend on Quebec’s own laws. The bill itself does not change those laws. - Households and service users (other provinces) - No direct change to your health coverage. Other provinces remain subject to Canada Health Act criteria for full funding (CHA s.7(1)). - For other provincial areas (e.g., child care, housing, training), your province could choose to run its own program with similar goals and still receive federal funds. Services could be designed differently in your province if it withdraws (Bill, FPFAA Part VI.1). - Workers and providers - Program rules may vary more by province where provinces withdraw and run their own comparable programs. Licensing, billing, reporting, or eligibility rules could differ by province (Bill, FPFAA Part VI.1). - Provincial governments - New right to withdraw from a federal program in a provincial area while keeping the same federal contribution, if provincial program objectives are “comparable” (Bill, FPFAA Part VI.1(1)-(2)). - Quebec is exempt from Canada Health Act compliance requirements to receive full health funding (Bill, CHA s.7(2)). - The bill does not define who decides “comparable objectives,” what evidence is needed, or how disputes are resolved (Bill, FPFAA Part VI.1). - Local governments and community agencies - If a province withdraws and redesigns programs, delivery terms and reporting lines may change. Funding amounts from Ottawa to the province would be unchanged under the bill’s “same contribution” rule (Bill, FPFAA Part VI.1(1)). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable; the bill does not appropriate new funds and maintains existing transfer amounts. - No official fiscal note identified. Data unavailable. - Federal payments to a withdrawing province must equal what it would have received if it had stayed in the federal program (Bill, FPFAA Part VI.1(1)). - Quebec must receive the full Canada Health Transfer cash contribution, regardless of compliance with national criteria (Bill, CHA s.7(2)). - Potential fiscal effects could include foregone future deductions for non-compliance in Quebec under the Canada Health Act. Amounts are contingent and not stated. Data unavailable. - Administrative costs to assess “comparable objectives” are not specified. Data unavailable. ## Proponents' View - Respects provincial jurisdiction by letting provinces design programs that fit local needs while keeping their share of federal funds (Bill, FPFAA Part VI.1(1)-(2)). - Provides stable and predictable health funding to Quebec by removing compliance-based deductions from the Canada Health Act (Bill, CHA s.7(2)). - Does not increase total federal transfers relative to existing formulas; a withdrawing province receives the same contribution it would have received (Bill, FPFAA Part VI.1(1)). - Encourages innovation by provinces through alternative program designs with similar objectives, without losing federal dollars (Bill, FPFAA Part VI.1). - Reduces federal micromanagement and conditionality, which proponents say can slow or complicate program delivery (Bill, FPFAA Part VI.1). ## Opponents' View - Weakens national health standards by guaranteeing Quebec full funding even if it does not meet Canada Health Act criteria tied to public administration, comprehensiveness, universality, portability, and accessibility (Bill, CHA s.7(2); CHA ss.8-12). - Removes an enforcement tool (cash deductions) that protects patients from extra-billing and user charges in Quebec, reducing federal leverage to uphold patient protections (Bill, CHA s.7(2); CHA ss.18-20). - “Comparable objectives” is undefined. This could trigger disputes or litigation over what qualifies, delay payments, and increase administrative burden (Bill, FPFAA Part VI.1). - Could produce a patchwork of rules across provinces for major programs, creating uneven access and confusion for residents and providers (Bill, FPFAA Part VI.1). - May reduce accountability for federal funds if provinces can opt out of conditions and still receive money, with fewer common reporting requirements. Data unavailable.

Ottawa Aligns with Quebec French Language Charter

## Summary This bill changes several federal laws to align them with Quebec’s Charter of the French Language. It clarifies that federally regulated workplaces in Quebec must follow Quebec’s French-language rules, adjusts federal language policy in Quebec, changes naming rules for federally incorporated firms operating in Quebec, and changes citizenship language requirements for permanent residents living in Quebec. - Applies Quebec’s Charter of the French Language to federal works and businesses in Quebec (Bill: Canada Labour Code amendment). - Adds to the Official Languages Act that French is the official and common language in Quebec and says federal actions in Quebec must not obstruct the Charter of the French Language (Bill: OLA preamble, s.41, s.43, s.55 amendments). - Requires federally incorporated companies doing business in Quebec to have names that meet Quebec’s French-language naming rules (Bill: CBCA s.10(3.1)). - Requires permanent residents who ordinarily live in Quebec to show adequate knowledge of French, and to take the citizenship knowledge requirement in French (Bill: Citizenship Act s.5(1)(d),(e) amendments). ## What it means for you - Households (Quebec residents) - Government of Canada recognizes French as the official and common language in Quebec in the federal law’s preamble (Bill: OLA preamble). Timing: Data unavailable. - Interactions with federal institutions in Quebec must be carried out in a way that does not obstruct Quebec’s Charter of the French Language (Bill: OLA s.41, s.43, s.55 amendments). Timing: Data unavailable. - Permanent residents in Quebec - If you ordinarily live in Quebec and apply for citizenship, you must show adequate knowledge of French. You must also demonstrate knowledge of Canada in French (Bill: Citizenship Act s.5(1)(d),(e)). The age bracket to which language and knowledge rules apply is set by existing law; the bill replaces language choice only (ages not stated in the excerpt). Timing: Data unavailable. - Workers in federally regulated sectors in Quebec (e.g., banks, telecom, interprovincial transport) - Your employer must follow Quebec’s Charter of the French Language for workplaces in Quebec (Bill: Canada Labour Code amendment after s.4). This can affect language of work, internal communications, training, signage, and documentation, as set by Quebec law. Timing: Data unavailable. - Businesses - Federally incorporated corporations that carry on business in Quebec must have names that meet Quebec’s Charter of the French Language (Bill: CBCA s.10(3.1)). This can require a French name or a French version that meets Quebec rules. Timing: Data unavailable. - Federal works, undertakings, or businesses in Quebec must comply with Quebec’s language requirements (Bill: Canada Labour Code amendment). This may involve changes to customer service language, public signage, and documentation as required by Quebec law. Timing: Data unavailable. - Federal institutions and the Commissioner of Official Languages - Federal institutions must take positive measures that are consistent with the Charter of the French Language in Quebec and must not obstruct its application (Bill: OLA s.41(1.1), s.43(1.1)). Timing: Data unavailable. - In Quebec, the Commissioner must carry out duties in a way that does not obstruct Quebec’s Charter of the French Language (Bill: OLA s.55(2)). Timing: Data unavailable. ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - Fiscal note: Data unavailable. - Appropriations in the bill: None stated (Bill, passim). - New mandates without stated funding: - Federal institutions must ensure measures align with Quebec’s Charter of the French Language in Quebec (Bill: OLA s.41, s.43). - Commissioner of Official Languages must operate in Quebec in a way that does not obstruct the Charter (Bill: OLA s.55(2)). - Federally regulated businesses in Quebec must comply with Quebec’s Charter (Bill: Canada Labour Code amendment). - Federally incorporated firms doing business in Quebec must meet Quebec naming rules (Bill: CBCA s.10(3.1)). - Permanent residents in Quebec face a French-only pathway for language and knowledge requirements for citizenship (Bill: Citizenship Act s.5(1)(d),(e)). ## Proponents' View - Aligns federal laws with Quebec’s language regime, reducing conflict and duplication for organizations operating in Quebec (Bill: Canada Labour Code; OLA s.41, s.43, s.55). - Strengthens the position of French in Quebec by recognizing it as the official and common language in the federal statute’s preamble (Bill: OLA preamble). - Supports integration of newcomers into French in Quebec by requiring French for citizenship tests and language proof for Quebec residents (Bill: Citizenship Act s.5(1)(d),(e)). - Clarifies compliance for federally incorporated companies by referencing Quebec’s naming rules directly, which may simplify registration and enforcement (Bill: CBCA s.10(3.1)). - Directs federal institutions to avoid obstructing Quebec’s Charter, aiming for consistent service and program delivery in Quebec (Bill: OLA s.41(1.1), s.55(2)). ## Opponents' View - May reduce access to citizenship for English-speaking permanent residents in Quebec by removing the option to meet requirements in English, which could delay naturalization for those not yet proficient in French (Bill: Citizenship Act s.5(1)(d),(e)). - Could create tension with existing federal duties to serve the public in both official languages, especially for English-speaking minorities in Quebec, due to the “not obstruct” language and consistency clauses (Bill: OLA s.41, s.43, s.55). - Imposes compliance costs and administrative burdens on federally regulated employers and federally incorporated firms operating in Quebec to meet Quebec’s workplace and naming rules; the bill provides no funding or transition details (Bill: Canada Labour Code; CBCA s.10(3.1)). Costs: Data unavailable. - Legal and implementation risks if obligations under federal law and Quebec’s Charter conflict in practice; the bill does not include a dispute-resolution mechanism or guidance (Bill: OLA s.41, s.43, s.55). - Unclear timelines and enforcement details may create uncertainty for workers, applicants for citizenship, and businesses until regulations or guidance are issued (Timing: Data unavailable).

Budget Act adds taxes, housing ban, sick leave

## Summary This Budget Implementation Act (C-19, 2022) is a wide package. It changes taxes, benefits, consumer rules, health and transit funding, corporate transparency, sanctions, and more. Several parts take effect in late 2022 and 2023. Key practical changes: - New federal Luxury Tax on cars and aircraft over $100,000 and boats over $250,000, from September 1, 2022 (Part 4). - Two-year ban on home purchases by non‑Canadians, starting January 1, 2023 (Part 5, Div. 12). - New excise duty and stamping rules for vaping products, with penalties, from October 1, 2022 (Part 3, Div. 1). - Up to $2.75 billion in one‑time payments for health care and transit/housing (Part 5, Div. 4 and Div. 6). - 10 days paid medical leave for most federally regulated workers (Part 5, Div. 29). - Stronger Competition Act rules (wage‑fixing made criminal, higher fines, “drip pricing” banned) (Part 5, Div. 15). ## What it means for you - Households - Luxury Tax on new purchases: 10% of total price or 20% of the amount above the threshold (whichever is less) for certain vehicles, aircraft, and boats (Part 4). Applies to sales and imports on or after September 1, 2022. - Quarterly Climate Action Incentive (carbon rebate) replaces the prior annual credit, with rules for who gets paid each quarter (Income Tax Act s.122.8 as amended; payments after June 2022) (Part 1). - Disability Tax Credit broadened (includes deemed eligibility for type 1 diabetes; expands “mental functions” criteria) (Income Tax Act s.118.3, s.118.4) (Part 1). - Home Accessibility Tax Credit limit doubled to $20,000 in eligible expenses (Income Tax Act s.118.041) (Part 1). - Copyright term extended to 70 years after the author’s death (Part 5, Div. 16). - Renters and homebuyers - Assignment sales of new housing are subject to GST/HST on the assignment amount (Part 2). - Non‑Canadians cannot buy residential property for two years from January 1, 2023, with some exceptions (students, refugees, spouses). Penalty up to $10,000; courts may order sale (Part 5, Div. 12). - Workers - Paid medical leave: employees in federally regulated workplaces earn up to 10 paid days per year (earn 3 days after 30 days, then 1 per month; cap 10). Large employers first, then others by regulation, no later than December 1, 2022 (Part 5, Div. 29). - Labour Mobility Deduction for certain tradespeople: claim up to $4,000 for temporary relocation expenses, 2022 onward (Income Tax Act s.8(1)(t)) (Part 1). - Postdoctoral fellowship income now counts as “earned income” for RRSP room (Income Tax Act s.146(1)) (Part 1). - Competition Act now criminalizes wage‑fixing and “no‑poach” agreements between unaffiliated employers (max 14 years imprisonment and/or fine) (Part 5, Div. 15). - Small businesses and charities - Zero‑emission technology manufacturing tax credit rate up to 7.5% (general) with phase‑down after 2029 (Income Tax Act s.125.2) (Part 1). - New charity rules allow “qualifying disbursements” to non‑qualified donees under conditions, plus transparency on large grants to grantee organizations (Income Tax Act s.149.1; Regs s.3702.1) (Part 1). - Competition Act raises administrative monetary penalties and allows private access to the Tribunal for abuse of dominance (Part 5, Div. 15). - Consumers - “Drip pricing” (showing a price not attainable because of mandatory fees) is a false or misleading claim (civil and criminal) (Competition Act s.52(1.3); s.74.01(1.1)) (Part 5, Div. 15). - Vaping products face federal excise duty and stamping; illegal sale/possession penalties; import rules (effective October 1, 2022) (Part 3, Div. 1; Schedule 8). - Provinces/territories and municipalities - One‑time federal payments to provinces/territories totalling $2,000,000,000 (amounts listed by jurisdiction) (Part 5, Div. 6). - Up to $750,000,000 for transit shortfalls/needs and improving housing supply and affordability (Part 5, Div. 4). - Transparency, sanctions, and other - Corporations must send “individuals with significant control” information to the federal Director and it may be shared with law enforcement (Canada Business Corporations Act s.21.21–21.22) (Part 5, Div. 30). - New power to seize/forfeit sanctioned property (including digital assets) and use proceeds to support victims, reconstruction, or peace/security (Part 5, Div. 31). - Criminal Code creates an offence for wilfully promoting antisemitism by condoning, denying, or downplaying the Holocaust (max 2 years) (Part 5, Div. 21). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: CAD $2.75 billion (one‑time, 2022), plus unquantified revenue and tax changes. - One‑time authorizations: - Additional federal payments to provinces/territories: CAD $2.0 billion (Part 5, Div. 6). - Payments for transit shortfalls/needs and housing supply/affordability: up to CAD $750 million (Part 5, Div. 4). Item | Amount | Frequency | Source ---|---:|---|--- Additional provincial/territorial payments | $2,000,000,000 | One‑time | (Part 5, Div. 6) Transit and housing payments | Up to $750,000,000 | One‑time | (Part 5, Div. 4) Luxury Items Tax revenue | Data unavailable | Ongoing from September 1, 2022 | (Part 4) Vaping excise duty revenue | Data unavailable | Ongoing from October 1, 2022 | (Part 3, Div. 1) Tax changes (credits/deductions) net impact | Data unavailable | Ongoing | (Part 1) Notes: - The Act authorizes the one‑time payments above; actual disbursement timing depends on the Minister (Part 5, Div. 4, Div. 6). - Many measures change revenues or private costs (e.g., Luxury Tax, Competition Act penalties, paid sick leave borne by employers). No consolidated fiscal note is in the bill text. Data unavailable. ## Proponents' View - Helps households now: - Climate Action Incentive paid quarterly improves cash flow for families in backstop provinces (Income Tax Act s.122.8) (Part 1). - Doubled Home Accessibility Tax Credit supports aging at home (Income Tax Act s.118.041) (Part 1). - Supports workers and public health: - Up to 10 days paid medical leave reduces disease spread and keeps sick workers at home (Part 5, Div. 29). - Trades mobility deduction lowers costs to take jobs far from home (up to $4,000) (Part 1). - Fairness and consumer protection: - Luxury Tax asks high‑end buyers to contribute more (Part 4). - Competition Act curbs wage‑fixing and hidden fees (“drip pricing”), raises penalties, and lets victims challenge abuses (Part 5, Div. 15). - Housing and community support: - Non‑resident home purchase ban eases pressure on housing demand, while provinces/territories get $2.0 billion and transit/housing up to $750 million (Part 5, Div. 12; Div. 4; Div. 6). - Public health and youth: - Vaping excise duty with stamping combats youth vaping and illicit trade (Part 3, Div. 1). ## Opponents' View - Economic and jobs risk: - Luxury Tax may depress sales of Canadian‑made cars, boats, and aircraft, harming supply chains and skilled jobs, with uncertain revenue yield (Part 4). - Limited impact on housing: - Non‑resident ban may be easy to evade (e.g., via companies or relatives) and affects a small share of purchases, so affordability gains could be minor; enforcement will be complex (Part 5, Div. 12). - Cost and compliance load: - Paid medical leave shifts costs to federally regulated employers, notably small carriers and couriers; requires tracking accruals and certificates (Part 5, Div. 29). - Vaping excise and stamping could push users to illicit markets; small vape shops face new licensing, tax, and inventory rules (Part 3, Div. 1). - Litigation and regulatory risk: - Stronger Competition Act penalties and private access may chill aggressive but pro‑competitive conduct; “abuse of dominance” test broadened (Part 5, Div. 15). - Access and culture: - Copyright term extension delays works entering the public domain, raising costs for libraries, educators, and creators who build on prior works (Part 5, Div. 16).

Parliament Authorizes $115B for Government Services

## Summary Appropriation Act No. 2, 2022–23 authorizes the federal government to withdraw up to CAD $115,056,882,851 from the Consolidated Revenue Fund to cover voted program spending for the year ending March 31, 2023 that is not otherwise provided for. It implements the 2022–23 Main Estimates items listed in Schedules 1 and 2, effective April 1, 2022 (Bill, Summary; Bill, “There may be paid…”; Effective date). Some Schedule 2 amounts can be paid through March 31, 2024 (Schedule 2; Order of payment). - Keeps federal programs and services operating in 2022–2023 across health, defence, Indigenous services, benefits administration, infrastructure, and more (Schedules 1–2). - Largest voted lines include Indigenous Services ($39.47 billion), National Defence ($24.29 billion), Employment and Social Development ($11.40 billion), Public Health Agency ($8.42 billion), and Treasury Board central votes ($7.82 billion) (Schedule 1). - Authorizes many departments to re‑spend certain revenues to offset costs (e.g., under Financial Administration Act s.29.1(2)(a)) (Schedule 1, multiple votes). - Unspent Schedule 2 funds lapse after the following fiscal year, with payments allowed until March 31, 2024 (Schedule 2; Order of payment). ## What it means for you - Households - Continuity of public health programming, including grants and contributions under Health and the Public Health Agency, from April 1, 2022 (Health: $3.71 billion; PHAC: $8.42 billion) (Schedule 1). - Continued delivery of employment, training, and social programs (Employment and Social Development: $11.40 billion) (Schedule 1). - Ongoing immigration processing and settlement supports (Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship: $3.70 billion) (Schedule 1). - Housing-related payments through Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation for loans forgiven, grants, and contributions (CMHC: $3.55 billion) (Schedule 1). - Veterans’ benefits and services continue (Veterans Affairs: $5.47 billion) (Schedule 1). - Indigenous peoples and communities - Funding for services in health, education, infrastructure, and community programs (Indigenous Services: $39.47 billion; Crown‑Indigenous Relations: $5.80 billion) (Schedule 1). - Workers - Federal public service operations remain funded (multiple departments’ operating votes; e.g., National Defence $17.57 billion operating; numerous operating votes across departments) (Schedule 1). - Research funding that supports students and researchers continues (CIHR $1.23 billion; NSERC $1.35 billion; SSHRC $1.07 billion) (Schedule 1). - Businesses - Programs for regional economic development and tourism continue (e.g., FedDev Ontario $695.9 million; PacifiCan $252.3 million; ACOA $427.5 million; Destination Canada $156.2 million) (Schedule 1). - Innovation, research, and industry supports (Innovation, Science and Economic Development: $5.53 billion; National Research Council: $1.19 billion) (Schedule 1). - Trade and international assistance programs proceed (Global Affairs: $7.29 billion) (Schedule 1). - Travellers and taxpayers - Border operations and capital funded, with authority available through March 31, 2024 (CBSA: $2.13 billion, Schedule 2). - Tax administration and service capacity funded, with authority available through March 31, 2024 (CRA: $4.12 billion, Schedule 2). - Local and provincial governments - Federal transfers for infrastructure projects continue (Infrastructure Canada: $7.06 billion) (Schedule 1). - Fisheries, transport, and parks capital spending that affects local assets continues (Fisheries and Oceans $3.81 billion; Transport $2.63 billion; Parks Canada $781.5 million) (Schedule 1). - Timing - Spending authorities take effect April 1, 2022 (Effective date). - Schedule 2 items may be paid until March 31, 2024; unspent balances then lapse (Schedule 2; Order of payment). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: CAD $115,056,882,851 (FY2022–2023). - Total authorized by this Act: $115,056,882,851, composed of: - $110,368,266,209 for Schedule 1 items, net of interim appropriations (Bill, paragraph (a); Schedule 1 heading). - $4,688,616,642 for Schedule 2 items, net of interim appropriations (Bill, paragraph (b); Schedule 2 heading). - Gross schedule totals and prior interim appropriations: - Schedule 1 gross: $184,288,798,540; less $73,920,532,331 granted earlier (Appropriation Act No. 1, 2022–23) (Schedule 1 heading). - Schedule 2 gross: $6,251,488,857; less $1,562,872,215 granted earlier (Appropriation Act No. 1, 2022–23) (Schedule 2 heading). - Selected large voted amounts (FY2022–2023): Item | Amount | Fiscal availability | Source ---|---:|---|--- Indigenous Services Canada | $39,465,816,483 | FY2022–23 | Schedule 1 National Defence | $24,291,816,334 | FY2022–23 | Schedule 1 Employment and Social Development | $11,397,344,129 | FY2022–23 | Schedule 1 Public Health Agency of Canada | $8,415,625,733 | FY2022–23 | Schedule 1 Treasury Board Secretariat (central votes total) | $7,818,222,862 | FY2022–23 | Schedule 1 Infrastructure Canada | $7,061,893,193 | FY2022–23 | Schedule 1 Global Affairs Canada | $7,288,792,552 | FY2022–23 | Schedule 1 Canada Revenue Agency (Schedule 2) | $4,119,778,629 | FY2022–23 to FY2023–24 | Schedule 2 Canada Border Services Agency (Schedule 2) | $2,131,710,228 | FY2022–23 to FY2023–24 | Schedule 2 - Central votes include, for example: Government Contingencies $750,000,000; Operating Budget Carry Forward $2,100,000,000; Capital Budget Carry Forward $700,000,000; Paylist Requirements $600,000,000; Public Service Insurance $3,195,856,257; Government‑wide Initiatives $152,305,896 (Schedule 1: Treasury Board Secretariat). - Some items are loan authorities (e.g., Finance loan to International Development Association up to USD $287,710,000; Global Affairs share purchases/loans in USD; Industry loans) and many votes include revenue re‑spend authorities under the Financial Administration Act, which can lower net cash outlays (Schedule 1: Finance L10; Global Affairs L25, L30; Industry L20; multiple 29.1(2)(a) references). ## Proponents' View - Ensures continuity of essential services and payments across government for 2022–2023, including health ($3.71 billion for Health; $8.42 billion for PHAC), defence ($24.29 billion), Indigenous services ($39.47 billion), and employment and social programs ($11.40 billion) (Schedule 1). - Aligns with Main Estimates; Parliament votes on detailed items listed in Schedules 1–2, with purposes and conditions stated for each vote (Schedule 1; “Purpose of each item”). - Includes controls and timelines: funds must be used only for the stated purposes; Schedule 2 amounts lapse after the following fiscal year; adjustments after year‑end cannot draw new cash (Bill, Purpose clause; Schedule 2; Adjustments clauses). - Provides operational flexibility to manage urgent or unforeseen needs through central votes (e.g., Government Contingencies $750 million) and carry‑forward mechanisms, avoiding service interruptions (Schedule 1: Treasury Board Secretariat). - Allows cost recovery and revenue re‑spending in many organizations (e.g., regulators, service agencies), which can offset gross spending and reduce pressure on general revenues (Schedule 1, multiple 29.1(2)(a) authorities). ## Opponents' View - Scale and complexity make scrutiny difficult; the Act bundles hundreds of items and authorities into one supply bill, which can limit detailed parliamentary review within tight timelines (Schedules 1–2). - Central votes give the Treasury Board broad authority to supplement other appropriations and adjust grants and contributions during the year, which can reduce upfront transparency (Schedule 1: Treasury Board “Government Contingencies,” “Operating/Capital Carry Forward,” “Paylist Requirements”). - Two‑year appropriation for CRA and CBSA (Schedule 2) can shift spending into the next year; unspent balances lapse after 2023–2024, creating risks of deferrals or year‑end spending pressures (Schedule 2; Order of payment). - Many votes include wide revenue re‑spending authorities under the Financial Administration Act s.29.1(2)(a), which can obscure the net fiscal impact when comparing gross voted amounts to actual cash needs (Schedule 1, multiple votes). - Loan and share‑purchase authorities introduce repayment and foreign‑exchange risks, even when aimed at international institutions (e.g., Finance L10: USD $287,710,000; Global Affairs L25: USD $113,066,671; L30: $201,000,000) (Schedule 1).

Mid-Year $8.8B Federal Funding Boost

## Summary This bill is a mid-year funding law for the Government of Canada. It authorizes CAD $8,795,403,218 (one-time) for programs and services in fiscal year 2022-23 that were not already funded in the Main Estimates. The amounts match Supplementary Estimates (A), and are effective retroactively to April 1, 2022 (Schedule; Effective date (2)). - Funds large top-ups for Indigenous Services ($2.219 billion) and Crown‑Indigenous Relations ($1.398 billion) (Schedule). - Supports public health operations and grants at the Public Health Agency of Canada ($1.524 billion) (Schedule). - Adds funding for airport screening via CATSA ($329.735 million) and transport programs ($364.561 million) (Schedule). - Provides contributions for National Defence ($500 million) and Public Safety ($823.638 million) (Schedule). - Finances immigration operations and newcomer supports ($443.892 million) (Schedule). ## What it means for you - Households - Public health: Continued funding for disease surveillance, labs, and related grants through the Public Health Agency of Canada, effective April 1, 2022 (Schedule, PHAC Votes 1a, 5a, 10a; Effective date (2)). - Culture and media: Telefilm Canada receives $150,000,000 to support Canadian film and screen projects (Schedule, Telefilm Vote 1a). - Housing: $45,899,167 reimburses CMHC for forgiven loans, grants, and related costs under federal housing laws. This maintains existing housing programs; it does not create new ones (Schedule, CMHC Vote 1a). - Travelers - Airports: $329,734,920 to CATSA for screening operations and capital needs. This supports staffing and equipment at security checkpoints (Schedule, CATSA Vote 1a). - Ferries: $113,074,941 to Marine Atlantic for operating and capital costs, including the Nova Scotia–Newfoundland and Labrador route (Schedule, Marine Atlantic Vote 1a). - Indigenous peoples and northern communities - Services and infrastructure: $2,218,525,823 to Indigenous Services Canada for operating costs and contributions, including goods and services in kind (Schedule, ISC Votes 1a, 10a). - Agreements and community support: $1,398,098,639 to Crown‑Indigenous Relations for operating costs and contributions related to programs and settlements (Schedule, CIRNAC Votes 1a, 10a). - Northern economy: $7,378,225 in grants and contributions via the Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency (Schedule, CanNor Vote 5a). - Newcomers, students, and workers - Immigration: $443,891,556 for Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada operations and contributions, including International Experience Canada services (Schedule, IRCC Votes 1a, 10a). - Local governments and service users - Transport programs: $334,439,600 in Transport Canada contributions and $29,796,369 for operations. Some funds may support projects on non-federal property, as permitted in the vote (Schedule, Transport Votes 1a, 5a, 10a). - Public safety: $823,638,161 in contributions that can fund emergency management and community safety initiatives (Schedule, Public Safety Vote 5a). - Parks and heritage: $26,809,638 for Parks Canada operations and capital, including contributions to provinces and municipalities (Schedule, Parks Canada Votes 1a, 5a). Notes on timing and administration: - All items take effect as of April 1, 2022. Transfers listed in the Estimates are deemed authorized from that date (Effective date (2); Transfers of appropriations). - Departments may finalize accounting adjustments after year-end until the Public Accounts are tabled in Parliament; this does not permit extra cash payments beyond the appropriation (Adjustments in accounts of Canada). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: CAD $8,795,403,218 (one-time, FY2022-23). - Source of authority: Supplementary Estimates (A), 2022–23, as set out in the Schedule to the Act (Schedule). - Effective date: Items are deemed in force as of April 1, 2022 (Effective date (2)). - Accounting: Charges may be adjusted after March 31, 2023 until the Public Accounts are tabled; no extra payments from the CRF are allowed for these adjustments (Adjustments in accounts of Canada). Item | Amount | Frequency | Source --- | --- | --- | --- Indigenous Services Canada (Votes 1a, 10a) | $2,218,525,823 | One-time (FY2022-23) | (Schedule) Crown‑Indigenous Relations (Votes 1a, 10a) | $1,398,098,639 | One-time | (Schedule) Public Health Agency of Canada (Votes 1a, 5a, 10a) | $1,523,836,518 | One-time | (Schedule) Public Safety (Vote 5a) | $823,638,161 | One-time | (Schedule) National Defence – grants and contributions (Vote 10a) | $500,000,000 | One-time | (Schedule) Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship (Votes 1a, 10a) | $443,891,556 | One-time | (Schedule) Transport Canada (Votes 1a, 5a, 10a) | $364,560,769 | One-time | (Schedule) CATSA – airport screening (Vote 1a) | $329,734,920 | One-time | (Schedule) Telefilm Canada (Vote 1a) | $150,000,000 | One-time | (Schedule) Marine Atlantic Inc. (Vote 1a) | $113,074,941 | One-time | (Schedule) Other listed votes (e.g., Finance $191,585,622; CMHC $45,899,167; Shared Services $85,983,575; Parks Canada $26,809,638; etc.) | Balance to $8,795,403,218 | One-time | (Schedule) ## Proponents' View - Maintains essential services without interruption by aligning legal authority with mid-year needs identified in Supplementary Estimates (A) (Schedule). - Targets major pressures: Indigenous services and settlements ($3.62 billion combined across two departments) and public health capacity ($1.52 billion) (Schedule). - Supports travel system recovery and safety through CATSA ($329.7 million), Transport Canada ($364.6 million), and Marine Atlantic ($113.1 million) (Schedule). - Allows departments to re-spend certain revenues within the year (e.g., IT services, screening services), which can improve efficiency without new taxes (e.g., Shared Services, IRCC, CATSA) (Schedule; references to Financial Administration Act s.29.1). - Provides flexibility where needed. For PHAC, grant amounts may be increased or decreased with Treasury Board approval, enabling faster response to public health needs (Schedule, PHAC Vote 10a). - Authorizes in‑kind contributions for defence (goods, services, or facility use), which can be faster and mission‑focused (Schedule, National Defence Vote 10a). ## Opponents' View - Oversight concerns: Spending is deemed effective retroactively to April 1, 2022, and transfers are deemed authorized from that date, which can limit Parliament’s ability to scrutinize before funds flow (Effective date (2); Transfers of appropriations). - Limited detail: Many votes fund “the grants listed in any of the Estimates,” which provides less program-level transparency in the statute itself (Schedule). - Flexibility risk: PHAC’s authority to increase or decrease listed grant amounts with Treasury Board approval may weaken direct parliamentary control over specific grant totals (Schedule, PHAC Vote 10a). - Post‑year adjustments: Charging appropriations after year‑end until the Public Accounts are tabled can blur when costs are finally recognized, reducing clarity for the public (Adjustments in accounts of Canada). - Scale and timing: $8.8 billion mid‑year is material; if departments cannot deploy funds quickly, lapses or rushed spending could occur, reducing value for money (Schedule; general timing risk). - Re‑spending authorities: Letting departments spend revenues they collect in‑year (e.g., service fees or internal services) can reduce visibility of gross expenditures and outcomes (Schedule; references to Financial Administration Act s.29.1).

Refocus Infrastructure Bank on Climate and Communities

## Summary This bill changes the Canada Infrastructure Bank Act to refocus the Bank on the public interest, with an emphasis on climate mitigation, climate adaptation, and sustainable infrastructure (amending CIB Act s.6). It requires the Bank to give priority to certain investors and projects, adds Indigenous-recommended members to the Board, creates an annual report to Parliament on priority projects, and updates confidentiality rules. - Refocuses purpose to public-interest investments that support climate action and sustainability (amending CIB Act s.6). - Requires priority for public-sector, Northern, and Indigenous community investments; climate-focused projects; and projects not harmful to the environment (adding CIB Act s.7(1.1)). - Allows unsolicited project proposals and names the Bank a “centre of expertise” (amending CIB Act s.7(1)(b)-(e)). - Adds at least one Board member recommended by each of First Nations, Inuit, and Métis organizations (adding CIB Act s.8(1.1)). - Requires an annual “priority projects” report to Parliament (new section after CIB Act s.27). - Keeps proponent information confidential, extending coverage to subsidiaries (replacing CIB Act s.28(1)). ## What it means for you - Households and service users - Project choices will prioritize climate mitigation or adaptation and environmental safety once the law takes effect (adding CIB Act s.7(1.1)(b)-(c)). - Parliament will receive an annual report on which priority investments and projects were chosen, offering more visibility into the Bank’s focus (new section after CIB Act s.27). - Indigenous communities and Northern communities - Investments from Northern and Indigenous communities receive priority consideration (adding CIB Act s.7(1.1)(a)). - The Board must include at least one member recommended by a First Nations organization, one by an Inuit organization, and one by a Métis organization (adding CIB Act s.8(1.1)). - Local governments, provinces, territories, and public institutions - Investments from public institutions and all levels of government receive priority (adding CIB Act s.7(1.1)(a)). - You can submit unsolicited proposals for infrastructure projects to the Bank (amending CIB Act s.7(1)(c)). - Businesses and project sponsors - You may submit unsolicited proposals; the Bank is designated a centre of expertise, which may affect how guidance and technical support are provided (amending CIB Act s.7(1)(c), s.7(1)(e)). - Information related to project proponents remains privileged and cannot be disclosed by Bank personnel or affiliates, subject to existing exceptions (replacing CIB Act s.28(1)). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - No fiscal note or official cost estimate identified. Data unavailable. - The bill text contains no explicit appropriations, fees, or tax changes (bill text). - New annual reporting and Board composition requirements may carry administrative costs. Data unavailable. ## Proponents' View - Aligns the Bank with climate goals by requiring priority for projects with mitigation or adaptation measures, pushing investments toward lower-risk, resilient infrastructure (adding CIB Act s.7(1.1)(b)). - Ensures projects are not harmful to the environment by making environmental safety a priority criterion (adding CIB Act s.7(1.1)(c)). - Elevates public and community-led investments, including from Northern and Indigenous communities, by making them priority investments (adding CIB Act s.7(1.1)(a)). - Improves representation and governance by mandating Indigenous-recommended Board members for First Nations, Inuit, and Métis peoples (adding CIB Act s.8(1.1)). - Increases accountability through an annual report on prioritized investments and projects, tabled in both Houses of Parliament (new section after CIB Act s.27). - Broadens the project pipeline by allowing unsolicited proposals and consolidates know-how by naming the Bank a centre of expertise (amending CIB Act s.7(1)(c), s.7(1)(e)). ## Opponents' View - Priority rules could limit flexibility, reduce focus on revenue-generating projects, or discourage some private capital if it does not align with the new criteria (adding CIB Act s.7(1.1)). - The phrase “not harmful to the environment” is undefined in the bill text, which could create uncertainty, disputes, or delays in project selection (adding CIB Act s.7(1.1)(c)). - Mandated Board seats recommended by external organizations may complicate appointments if processes or recognized organizations are not defined in law (adding CIB Act s.8(1.1)). - Annual reporting adds compliance steps without guaranteeing more public detail, since proponent information remains privileged (new section after CIB Act s.27; replacing CIB Act s.28(1)). - Allowing unsolicited proposals could increase administrative workload and open more channels for lobbying, affecting processing times and consistency (amending CIB Act s.7(1)(c)).

New housing tax, credits, and COVID funding

## Summary This bill implements parts of Canada’s December 14, 2021 Economic and Fiscal Update. It creates and changes tax credits, sets a new tax on underused housing owned by non-resident, non-Canadians, funds COVID-19 measures, and adjusts Employment Insurance for seasonal workers. Several measures apply retroactively to 2021. - Creates a 25% refundable tax credit for businesses that improve ventilation (September 1, 2021–December 31, 2022), with per-location and per-entity caps (Part 1; Regulations Part XCVII). - Expands the Northern Residents Deduction travel component to allow a standard amount up to $1,200 per person if no employer travel benefit (2021 onward) (Part 1). - Increases the School Supplies Tax Credit for eligible educators from 15% to 25% and adds certain devices (2021 onward) (Part 1). - Returns fuel charge proceeds to farming businesses via a refundable tax credit in designated provinces (2021 onward) (Part 1). - Enacts a 1% Underused Housing Tax on vacant or underused Canadian residential property owned by non-resident, non‑Canadians, with filing, exemptions, and penalties (effective January 1, 2022; first payment due April 30 following year) (Underused Housing Tax Act Parts 1–4). - Authorizes up to CAD $2.12 billion in payments for school ventilation, provincial proof-of-vaccination, and COVID‑19 tests (Parts 4–6). - Sets temporary EI rules to extend maximum weeks for certain seasonal workers (benefit periods starting September 26, 2021–October 29, 2022) (Part 7). ## What it means for you - Households - Northern residents: May claim travel costs up to a standard $1,200 per person even without employer travel benefits, subject to limits on number of trips and other rules (2021 onward) (Part 1; s.110.7; Regulations s.7304). - Non-resident, non‑Canadian homeowners: Must file an annual return and pay a 1% tax on the value of vacant or underused residential properties in Canada unless an exemption applies; payment due by April 30 of the following year (Underused Housing Tax Act, Part 3 s. (3), (6); Part 4). - Exemptions include primary residence, sufficient qualifying occupancy (180+ days), new ownership, disaster/renovation periods, seasonal inaccessibility, and others (Underused Housing Tax Act s. (7)–(9)). - Workers - Seasonal workers: If you meet set conditions and live in listed regions, you may qualify for more weeks of EI regular benefits during benefit periods starting September 26, 2021–October 29, 2022 (Part 7; s.12(2.3)–(2.5)). - Educators - Eligible educators: Credit rate rises to 25% on up to $1,000 in eligible supplies per year (max credit $250). Devices such as laptops, tablets, webcams, and projectors now qualify if not provided by your employer for use outside the classroom (2021 onward) (Part 1; s.122.9; Regulations s.9600). - Businesses - All eligible entities (including individuals carrying on business, partnerships, and qualifying CCPCs): May claim a refundable credit equal to 25% of qualifying ventilation expenses incurred September 1, 2021–December 31, 2022. Caps: up to $10,000 in eligible expenses per location and $50,000 per entity across all locations (affiliated entities share limits). Max credit is effectively up to $12,500 per entity for the period (Part 1; s.127.43; Regulations Part XCVII). - CEBA borrowers: Government set a six‑year limitation period to sue for recovery after default, with rules on acknowledgments and set-off against federal payments (Part 3). - Farmers - Farming businesses in designated provinces: New refundable tax credit returns fuel charge proceeds. The amount depends on your eligible farming expenses, your share earned in each province, and an annual payment rate set by the Minister of Finance (2021 onward) (Part 1; new section following s.127.41). - Provinces and territories - School ventilation: Federal payments capped at $100 million, with specified maximums by jurisdiction (Part 4). - Proof of vaccination: Federal payments up to $300 million total (Part 5). - COVID‑19 tests: Federal payments up to $1.72 billion; Health Minister must report to Parliament quarterly on payments, tests purchased, and distribution (Part 6). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: CAD $2.12 billion in authorized direct payments (timing varies); revenue impacts from tax credits and the Underused Housing Tax are not quantified in the bill. - Direct appropriations authorized: Item | Amount | Frequency | Source --- | --- | --- | --- School ventilation funding to provinces/territories | CAD $100 million | One-time cap | Part 4 (maximums by jurisdiction) Provincial proof-of-vaccination support | CAD $300 million | One-time cap | Part 5 COVID-19 tests (federal purchases/distribution) | CAD $1.72 billion | One-time cap (expenses on/after April 1, 2021) | Part 6; reporting required - Tax measures (revenue effects): - Ventilation Improvement Tax Credit (25%; caps noted): Data unavailable. - Northern Residents Deduction expansion (travel component): Data unavailable. - School Supplies Tax Credit increase to 25% and expanded eligibility: Data unavailable. - Refundable credit returning fuel charge proceeds to farmers: Payment rates set by Minister of Finance; Data unavailable (Part 1). - Underused Housing Tax 1% on underused homes owned by non‑resident, non‑Canadians: Revenue impact Data unavailable (Underused Housing Tax Act). - Administration/enforcement costs (e.g., CRA for UHT): Data unavailable. - EI seasonal workers temporary extension: Data unavailable. ## Proponents' View - Improves indoor air quality in workplaces and schools by lowering costs of HVAC upgrades and HEPA filtration; the business credit covers 25% of eligible costs within specified caps, and $100 million supports school projects (Part 1 s.127.43; Regulations Part XCVII; Part 4). - Provides targeted relief to educators by raising the refundable rate to 25% and adding modern teaching devices, increasing the maximum annual benefit to $250 per educator (Part 1; s.122.9; Regulations s.9600). - Supports northern residents with a simpler option to claim up to a $1,200 standard travel amount per person when no employer benefit exists (2021 onward) (Part 1; s.110.7). - Returns fuel charge proceeds to farming businesses through a refundable credit tied to eligible farming expenses and provincial shares (Part 1; new section after s.127.41). - Discourages vacant housing and increases supply by imposing a 1% annual tax on underused homes owned by non‑resident, non‑Canadians, with clear exemptions and modern enforcement tools (Underused Housing Tax Act Parts 1–4, 7). - Gives seasonal workers in specified regions more predictable EI coverage during 2021–2022 under defined criteria (Part 7; s.12(2.3)–(2.5)). ## Opponents' View - Compliance burden and penalties under the Underused Housing Tax may be high for affected owners, with minimum failure‑to‑file penalties of $5,000 for individuals and $10,000 for corporations, plus percentage add‑ons (Underused Housing Tax Act Div. 8 s.(1)–(2)). - Ventilation tax credit rules are complex (affiliation, per‑location and per‑entity caps, excluded costs), which may raise administrative costs and limit uptake (Part 1 s.127.43; Regulations Part XCVII). - Expanding refundable and non‑refundable tax measures reduces federal revenues; the bill provides no public cost estimates for these changes (Part 1). Data on expected UHT revenues is also not provided in the bill (Underused Housing Tax Act). - Returning fuel charge proceeds to farmers via a formula set by the Minister of Finance introduces uncertainty on payment rates and distribution until rates are specified (Part 1; “payment rate” defined and designated by the Minister). - The EI seasonal extension is time‑limited and geographically targeted, which may create uneven support across regions and could be complex to administer given multi‑year eligibility tests (Part 7; s.12(2.3)–(2.5)).

Quebec Guaranteed 25% of Commons Seats

## Summary This bill would change section 51 of the Constitution Act, 1867 to guarantee that Quebec holds at least 25% of all seats in the House of Commons. It would apply after the usual seat-allocation rules are run following each census. If Quebec’s share falls below 25%, extra Quebec seats would be added until the 25% floor is met (the total number of MPs would rise by the same amount) (Bill s.51 amendment). - Sets a permanent floor: Quebec’s House seats cannot be less than 25% of all MPs (Bill s.51 amendment). - Adds Quebec seats, when needed, after each readjustment; no other province loses seats because of this bill (Bill s.51 amendment). - Increases the total size of the House by the number of added Quebec seats (Bill s.51 amendment). - Example using the 2024 seat map: Quebec has 78 of 343 seats (22.7%); reaching 25% would require about 11 more Quebec MPs, raising the House to about 354 seats (Elections Canada, 2022 Representation Order). - The preamble cites prior House motions recognizing Quebec as a “distinct society” (1995) and “nation within a united Canada” (2006), and acknowledging Quebec’s will to entrench French as its only official language (2021) (Preamble). ## What it means for you - Households and voters in Quebec: - You could gain additional MPs after a census-based redistribution if Quebec would otherwise fall below 25% of seats. This would apply during future readjustments (Bill s.51 amendment). - New ridings would be created in Quebec, so each riding would have fewer residents than before. Constituency services would be available from more MPs’ offices in Quebec (Bill s.51 amendment). - Voters in other provinces and territories: - Your province keeps the seats it gets under the existing rules; this bill does not take seats away (Bill s.51 amendment). - Your province’s share of total House seats would be slightly lower than under the current formula if Quebec seats are added, because the denominator (total MPs) increases while your province’s seats do not. - Political parties and candidates: - Parties would run candidates in any new Quebec ridings once they are drawn during redistribution (Electoral boundaries are set during readjustments following each census). - Elections administration: - Federal boundary commissions would need to draw additional ridings in Quebec when the 25% floor requires it, within the normal redistribution process (Bill s.51 amendment). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - No fiscal note or appropriation language is in the bill. Data unavailable. - If additional Quebec seats are added, ongoing parliamentary operating costs would rise (e.g., MPs’ salaries, office budgets, and staff), and there would be one-time costs to implement new ridings. Data unavailable. - The number and timing of added seats depend on future redistributions after each census (Bill s.51 amendment). Data unavailable. ## Proponents' View - Protects Quebec’s political weight in the House as its population share changes, ensuring a minimum 25% of seats (Bill s.51 amendment). - Implements, in concrete terms, past House of Commons recognitions of Quebec as a distinct society and a nation within Canada (Preamble). - Does not reduce other provinces’ seat counts; it only adds Quebec seats if needed, after the standard rules and the senatorial floor are applied (Bill s.51 amendment; s.51A). - Could improve service to Quebec constituents by creating smaller ridings and more constituency offices when extra seats are added (Bill s.51 amendment). - Provides a clear, durable rule applied at each readjustment rather than ad hoc fixes (Bill s.51 amendment). ## Opponents' View - May conflict with the constitutional “principle of proportionate representation of the provinces” in the House, which is listed among matters requiring the general 7/50 amending formula (Constitution Act, 1982, s.42(1)(a); s.38). Critics argue Parliament cannot make this change unilaterally under s.44. - Could face court challenges, creating uncertainty about timing and application during redistribution cycles. Data unavailable. - Increases differences in representation across provinces by giving Quebec a higher seat share than its population share when the floor binds, reducing voter parity relative to other provinces (Bill s.51 amendment). - Grows the size of the House over time if Quebec’s population share remains below 25%, increasing ongoing costs for MPs and parliamentary administration. Data unavailable. - Adds complexity to redistributions in Quebec, as commissions must create additional ridings that meet community and geography criteria within the 25% guarantee (Bill s.51 amendment).

Drug Possession Decriminalized, Records Expunged

## Summary This bill, titled the Health-based Approach to Substance Use Act, would decriminalize simple possession of controlled drugs at the federal level, create a no‑fee process to expunge past simple possession convictions, and require a national public health strategy on substance use. It also makes related changes to the Criminal Code and other federal laws. The bill does not legalize trafficking, production, or import/export of drugs. - Repeals the federal offence of possession under the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (CDSA) (Part 1; repeals s.4 and s.4.1). - Keeps crimes for trafficking, production, and import/export in place (CDSA ss.5–7 remain) (Part 1). - Creates a no‑fee expungement process for past simple possession convictions; federal records must be destroyed or removed (Part 2). - Recognizes expungement in the Criminal Code; a person is deemed never charged or convicted for that offence (Part 2; Criminal Code s.607 amendments). - Requires the Minister of Health to develop and table a national strategy within 1 year, with specific elements like safe supply access and universal access to treatment and harm reduction (Part 3, s.2–4). ## What it means for you - Households - Simple possession of controlled substances would no longer be a federal crime once this Act is in force (Part 1). Other drug crimes still apply (e.g., trafficking, production). - Police could not lay new charges for simple possession under the CDSA. Existing simple possession cases would be affected by repeal of s.4, but outcomes depend on case status and prosecutorial decisions. Data unavailable. - People with past simple possession convictions - You could apply to the Parole Board of Canada for expungement. There is no application fee (Part 2, “No fee payable”). - You must submit a sworn statement that your conviction was for conduct that would not be an offence after this Act (Part 2). - If granted, you are deemed never to have been charged or convicted for that offence (Part 2, “Effect of expungement”). - The Parole Board must notify the RCMP, which must destroy or remove federal judicial records in its systems and notify other federal bodies (Part 2). - Federal departments and agencies must destroy or remove related records in their systems (Part 2). - Provincial and municipal police and courts are notified, but only federal bodies are required by this Act to destroy or remove records (Part 2). You may still need to address provincial or municipal records. Data unavailable. - Workers - Health, social service, and harm reduction workers may see program changes over time. The bill requires a national strategy, not immediate service expansion (Part 3). - People who had simple possession records and receive expungement may face fewer barriers to jobs that require federal criminal record checks (Part 2). - Businesses and nonprofits - Hiring and volunteer screening that relies on federal criminal record databases would no longer show expunged simple possession convictions (Part 2). - Workplace drug policies are not changed by this Act. Compliance duties for regulated industries remain. Data unavailable. - Police, courts, and local governments - Police would need to update policies and training to reflect that simple possession is not a CDSA offence (Part 1). - Courts would see fewer simple possession cases. Expungement orders must be recognized under the Criminal Code (Part 2; Criminal Code s.607). - RCMP and federal departments must implement record destruction/removal processes after expungement orders (Part 2). - Provincial and municipal agencies receive notice of expungement orders, but this Act does not require them to destroy records (Part 2). - People who use health and harm reduction services - The Minister of Health must develop, table, and publish a national strategy within 1 year of the Act coming into force, after consultations (Part 3, s.2–4). - The strategy must address safe supply access, universal access to recovery, treatment, overdose prevention, relapse prevention, and supervised consumption services, plus prevention and anti‑stigma measures (Part 3, s.2(3)). - The Minister must report on implementation results in each province within 1 year after the strategy is tabled (Part 3, s.4). - The bill itself does not fund or launch these services; it directs strategy development and reporting (Part 3). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - No fiscal note identified. Data unavailable. - The bill contains no explicit appropriations or funding amounts (Bill text). - Likely federal administrative costs include: - Parole Board application intake, review, and orders (Part 2). Data unavailable. - RCMP and federal departments’ record destruction/removal and notifications (Part 2). Data unavailable. - Health Canada consultations, strategy development, tabling, publication, and follow‑up reporting (Part 3). Data unavailable. - Potential offsets/savings: - Fewer simple possession arrests and prosecutions may reduce justice system workloads. Data unavailable. - Any costs to expand “safe supply” or “universal access” to services would depend on future budgets and agreements; this Act does not allocate funds (Part 3). ## Proponents' View - Shifts from punishment to a health approach by removing the possession offence and mandating a public health strategy (Part 1; Part 3). - Reduces the burden of criminal records for simple possession through a clear, no‑fee expungement process, with federal record destruction (Part 2). - Keeps penalties for trafficking, production, and import/export, aiming to target supply crimes while decriminalizing personal use (Part 1). - Requires evidence‑based measures, safe supply access, and universal access to treatment and harm reduction in the national strategy (Part 3, s.2(3)). - Could free police, courts, and corrections from processing low‑level possession cases, allowing resources to focus on serious offences and health supports (assumption; no fiscal estimate provided). ## Opponents' View - The bill mandates a national strategy but provides no funding; “universal access” and “safe supply” goals may be unfunded or shift costs to provinces (Part 3; assumption flagged). - Removing the possession offence may create transitional enforcement challenges and require significant retraining and policy updates for police (Part 1; implementation risk). - Expungement compels federal record destruction but does not require provincial or municipal police and courts to delete records, which could leave gaps (Part 2). - Without guaranteed expansion of treatment and harm reduction, decriminalization alone may not reduce harms and could increase public consumption concerns (assumption; outcomes not specified in the bill). - Program design risks exist for “low‑barrier safe supply,” including diversion and quality control; the bill sets direction but not safeguards or oversight details (Part 3; details to be determined in the strategy).

Interim funding keeps federal services running

## Summary This bill (Appropriation Act No. 1, 2022–23) authorizes the federal government to spend up to CAD $75,483,404,546 from the Consolidated Revenue Fund to keep federal programs and services running for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2023. It is an interim supply bill, granting partial-year funding for many departments based on the 2022–23 Main Estimates. It also sets rules for timing, accounting adjustments, and when any unused authority will lapse. - Keeps federal services operating by providing partial funding early in the fiscal year (clauses (a)–(i)). - Directs large interim funding to Indigenous Services, Public Health Agency of Canada, Employment and Social Development, Health, Veterans Affairs, RCMP, and others (Schedules 1.2, 1.5–1.7). - Allows some border and tax administration funds (CBSA, CRA) to be used through March 31, 2024, then lapse if unused (Schedule 2; Order of payment (2)). - Sets “order of payment” and lapse rules to manage oversight and year-end accounting (Order of payment (2); Adjustments in accounts of Canada). - Does not change tax laws or create new programs; it authorizes spending for purposes set out in the Estimates (Purpose of each item; Schedules). ## What it means for you - Households and service users - Federal payments and services continue without interruption, including public health programming (Public Health Agency: 7,199,096,023; Health contributions: 2,274,727,661) (Schedule 1.7). - Benefits and programs administered by Employment and Social Development continue receiving funds (6,879,564,682 in contributions) (Schedule 1.5). - Veterans’ benefits and services continue to be funded (1,758,706,249 in grants and contributions) (Schedule 1.2). - Passenger rail (VIA Rail) and ferry services (Marine Atlantic) continue receiving support (326,848,745; 37,359,152) (Schedules 1.1, 1.7). - National parks and heritage sites remain open and maintained (Parks Canada operating 207,364,714; capital 69,065,092) (Schedules 1.1, 1.3). - Indigenous peoples and communities - Significant interim funding for Indigenous Services (11,059,272,440 in contributions) and Crown‑Indigenous Relations (3,602,954,211 in grants and contributions; 729,164,535 operating) supports ongoing services and agreements (Schedule 1.6). - Workers and researchers - Federal employees and contractors continue to be paid across departments (bill-wide). - Research funding flows through NSERC (431,789,589) and SSHRC (343,124,237) (Schedule 1.1). - Businesses and nonprofits - Grants and contributions programs administered by departments (e.g., Industry, Heritage, Employment and Social Development) continue to accept and pay claims (multiple Schedules). - Air transport security services at airports continue (236,452,425) (Schedule 1.2). - Travellers - Border services and tax administration maintain operations with funding that can be used into 2023–2024 if needed (CBSA and CRA under Schedule 2; payments allowed until March 31, 2024) (Schedule 2; Order of payment (2)). - Local and provincial governments - Parks Canada can make contributions to provinces and municipalities for shared projects (Schedule 1.1). - Treasury Board contingencies provide a buffer for urgent, unforeseen needs across departments (687,500,000) (Schedule 1.7). - Timing - Applies to the fiscal year ending March 31, 2023; some items may be charged after year-end for accounting adjustments until Public Accounts are tabled (Adjustments in accounts of Canada). - Certain Schedule 2 funds may be paid until March 31, 2024, then lapse if unused (Order of payment (2)). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: CAD $75,483,404,546 (FY2022–2023). - Total interim appropriation authority from the Consolidated Revenue Fund: 75,483,404,546 (clauses (a)–(i)). - Components of the total, as specified in the bill: Item | Amount | Timeframe | Source --- | --- | --- | --- (a) Three‑twelfths of selected Main Estimates items | 28,652,262,606 | FY2022–23 | Clause (a) (b) Four‑twelfths (Schedule 1.1 items) | 5,363,275,810 | FY2022–23 | Schedule 1.1 (c) Five‑twelfths (Schedule 1.2 items) | 4,292,782,114 | FY2022–23 | Schedule 1.2 (d) Six‑twelfths (Schedule 1.3 items) | 2,499,738,866 | FY2022–23 | Schedule 1.3 (e) Seven‑twelfths (Schedule 1.4 items) | 26,864,132 | FY2022–23 | Schedule 1.4 (f) Eight‑twelfths (Schedule 1.5 items) | 7,013,564,682 | FY2022–23 | Schedule 1.5 (g) Nine‑twelfths (Schedule 1.6 items) | 15,780,903,903 | FY2022–23 | Schedule 1.6 (h) Eleven‑twelfths (Schedule 1.7 items) | 11,854,012,428 | FY2022–23 | Schedule 1.7 (i) Twelve‑twelfths (Schedule 1.8 items) | 5 | FY2022–23 | Schedule 1.8 Schedule 2 (three‑twelfths; CBSA, CRA) | 1,562,872,215 | Payable through March 31, 2024; then lapse | Schedule 2; Order of payment (2) - Selected large interim allocations: - Indigenous Services contributions: 11,059,272,440 (Schedule 1.6). - Public Health Agency operating: 7,199,096,023; contributions: 493,869,233 (Schedule 1.7). - Employment and Social Development contributions: 6,879,564,682 (Schedule 1.5). - Crown‑Indigenous Relations grants and contributions: 3,602,954,211 (Schedule 1.6). - Veterans Affairs grants and contributions: 1,758,706,249 (Schedule 1.2). - RCMP operating: 1,257,023,349; grants and contributions: 178,447,285 (Schedule 1.2). ## Proponents' View - Ensures continuity of government operations and payments at the start of the fiscal year, avoiding service disruptions for citizens and vendors (Preamble; clause authorizing payments). - Uses partial‑year fractions (3/12 to 11/12) to limit upfront authority while Parliament considers full supply, balancing cash flow and oversight (clauses (a)–(i)). - Channels significant interim funding to essential services: Indigenous services (11.06 billion), public health (7.20 billion operating; 0.49 billion contributions), social programs (6.88 billion), veterans (1.76 billion) (Schedules 1.5–1.7, 1.2). - Sets order‑of‑payment and lapse rules so unused authority expires on schedule, with clear priority to charge earliest appropriations first (Order of payment (2)). - Allows year‑end accounting adjustments without new cash outlays, improving accuracy of the Public Accounts (Adjustments in accounts of Canada). ## Opponents' View - Authorizes a large sum (75.48 billion) with limited detail in the statute itself; many specifics are in the Main Estimates rather than in this bill, reducing line‑by‑line scrutiny within the act (Total appropriation; Purpose of each item). - Broad “authority to expend revenues” under Financial Administration Act s.29.1(2)(a) appears across multiple votes, which can reduce visibility into gross spending versus netted revenues (e.g., Health, Justice, Transport, Shared Services, RCMP) (Schedules 1.1, 1.2, 1.6, 1.7). - Schedule 2 allows payments through March 31, 2024 and cross‑year charging, which may weaken annual spending discipline and complicate tracking by fiscal year (Schedule 2; Order of payment (2)). - Treasury Board “Government Contingencies” (687,500,000) can fund urgent or unforeseen expenditures, including new or increased grants and contributions, giving broad discretion with less prior scrutiny (Schedule 1.7). - Some grants can be increased or decreased with Treasury Board approval (e.g., Veterans Affairs, RCMP, Public Health Agency), which adds flexibility but reduces fixed caps visible in the act (Schedules 1.2, 1.7).

Parliament approves $13.2B year-end funding

## Summary Appropriation Act No. 5, 2021–22 gives the federal government authority to spend up to CAD $13,209,519,773 for programs and operations in fiscal year 2021–2022 that were not already funded. It implements items from Supplementary Estimates (C) and backdates them to April 1, 2021. Some items can be paid through March 31, 2023 to finish projects and adjust accounts (Schedules 1–2). - Funds major health operations and grants, including Health Canada ($3.734 billion) and the Public Health Agency of Canada ($3.020 billion) (Schedule 1). - Supports Indigenous services and Crown‑Indigenous relations ($1.040 billion combined) (Schedule 1). - Provides international assistance and development funding ($828.2 million) (Schedule 1). - Adds operating and capital funds for National Defence ($638.3 million) and Transport ($221.5 million) (Schedule 1). - Writes off certain student/apprentice and immigration loan debts ($170.5 million + $0.175 million; plus $2,765 in debt forgiveness) (Schedule 1). - Allows Canada Border Services Agency ($161.1 million) and Canada Revenue Agency ($236.7 million) to carry spending into 2022–2023 (Schedule 2). ## What it means for you - Households - Public health programs continue. Health Canada and the Public Health Agency receive large operating and grant funding for 2021–2022 (Schedule 1, Health 1c/10c; PHAC 1c/10c). - Student/apprentice loans: 26,711 debts totaling $170,358,003 are written off under the Canada Student Financial Assistance Act and Apprentice Loans Act. A write‑off is an accounting step for uncollectible debts; it usually ends active collection, but it is not the same as statutory forgiveness (Schedule 1, Employment and Social Development 10c). - Immigration loans: 257 debts totaling $172,941 are written off, and one debt of $2,765 is forgiven (legally cancelled) (Schedule 1, Citizenship and Immigration 15c/20c). - Veterans programs continue. Veterans Affairs receives operating funds and grants/contributions ($13.1 million total) (Schedule 1, Veterans Affairs 1c/5c). - Workers - Federal employees, RCMP, and Canadian Forces members: Treasury Board gets $205,962,726 for compensation adjustments and $200,000,000 for paylist needs (parental/maternity allowances, severance, etc.) (Schedule 1, Treasury Board 15c/30c). - National Defence receives funds including $108,893,191 for member insurance and benefit programs (Schedule 1, National Defence 15c). - Businesses and non‑profits - Grants and contributions flow through departments such as Industry ($113.6 million), Canadian Heritage ($223.8 million), Fisheries and Oceans ($24.9 million in grants/contributions within a $242.0 million package), and Transport ($175.8 million in grants/contributions within a $221.5 million package). Eligibility and program terms are defined in the Supplementary Estimates (C) items referenced by the Act (Schedule 1). - Provinces, territories, municipalities, and Indigenous governments - Infrastructure Canada receives $521,757,188 in contributions for projects (Schedule 1, Infrastructure 10c). - Indigenous Services ($766.4 million) and Crown‑Indigenous Relations ($274.4 million) receive operating funds and large contributions that support services and agreements with Indigenous organizations and communities (Schedule 1, Indigenous Services 1c/10c; Crown‑Indigenous Relations 1c/10c). - Environment and Fisheries items allow contributions to provinces/municipalities for construction and joint projects (Schedule 1, Environment 5c/10c; Fisheries and Oceans 5c/10c). - Service users - VIA Rail receives $35,239,393 for operations and capital (Schedule 1, VIA Rail 1c). - Border and tax services have added funds that can be used through March 31, 2023: CBSA ($161.1 million) and CRA ($236.7 million) (Schedule 2). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: CAD $13,209,519,773 (FY2021–2022), of which $397,788,489 may be paid through March 31, 2023. - Total Schedule 1 authority: $12,811,731,284 for 2021–2022 (Schedule 1). - Total Schedule 2 authority: $397,788,489 chargeable to 2021–2022 and 2022–2023 (Schedule 2). - Lapse rules: Unused Schedule 1 amounts lapse at year‑end subject to non‑cash adjustments before Public Accounts are tabled; unused Schedule 2 amounts lapse at the end of 2022–2023 (Bill, Adjustments and Order of payment; Schedule 2). - Effective date: All items deemed in effect as of April 1, 2021 (Bill, Effective date). - Order of payment: Earlier appropriations are charged before later ones; Schedule 2 items can be paid up to March 31, 2023 (Bill, Order of payment). Item | Amount | Frequency | Source --- | --- | --- | --- Health Canada (operations and grants) | $3,734,310,565 | One‑time authority for FY2021–2022 | Schedule 1 (Health 1c/10c) Public Health Agency of Canada (operations and contributions) | $3,020,401,379 | One‑time authority for FY2021–2022 | Schedule 1 (PHAC 1c/10c) Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development (including humanitarian, development, security) | $828,181,712 | One‑time authority for FY2021–2022 | Schedule 1 (DFATD 1c/5c/10c) Indigenous Services Canada (operations and contributions) | $766,429,191 | One‑time authority for FY2021–2022 | Schedule 1 (ISC 1c/10c) National Defence (operations, capital, benefits, grants) | $638,339,016 | One‑time authority for FY2021–2022 | Schedule 1 (DND 1c/5c/10c/15c) Infrastructure Canada (contributions) | $521,757,188 | One‑time authority for FY2021–2022 | Schedule 1 (Infrastructure 10c) Treasury Board Secretariat (compensation and paylist) | $415,519,988 | One‑time authority for FY2021–2022 | Schedule 1 (TBS 1c/15c/30c) Fisheries and Oceans (operations, capital, contributions) | $242,048,239 | One‑time authority for FY2021–2022 | Schedule 1 (DFO 1c/5c/10c) Transport (operations, capital, contributions) | $221,518,116 | One‑time authority for FY2021–2022 | Schedule 1 (Transport 1c/5c/10c) Crown‑Indigenous Relations (operations and contributions) | $274,446,889 | One‑time authority for FY2021–2022 | Schedule 1 (CIRNAC 1c/10c) Canada Revenue Agency (operations and capital) | $236,674,199 | Available through March 31, 2023 | Schedule 2 (CRA 1c/5c) Canada Border Services Agency (operations and capital) | $161,114,290 | Available through March 31, 2023 | Schedule 2 (CBSA 1c/5c) Student/apprentice loan write‑offs | $170,358,003 | One‑time accounting adjustment | Schedule 1 (ESDC 10c) Immigration loan write‑offs and forgiveness | $175,706 (incl. $2,765 forgiven) | One‑time accounting adjustment | Schedule 1 (IRCC 15c/20c) ## Proponents' View - Maintains essential services to year‑end by providing legal spending authority for items in Supplementary Estimates (C), backdated to April 1, 2021 (Bill, Effective date; Schedule 1). - Funds the federal health response with large allocations to Health Canada ($3.734 billion) and the Public Health Agency ($3.020 billion) (Schedule 1). - Supports Indigenous communities through $766.4 million for Indigenous Services and $274.4 million for Crown‑Indigenous Relations, largely in contributions to organizations and governments (Schedule 1). - Enables international assistance and development ($767.8 million in grants/contributions; $828.2 million total for the department) for humanitarian needs and global peace (Schedule 1, DFATD 10c). - Addresses workforce obligations across government with $205.96 million for compensation adjustments and $200 million for parental/maternity allowances and other paylist pressures (Schedule 1, TBS 15c/30c). - Tidies federal accounts by writing off uncollectible loans (student/apprentice $170.36 million; immigration $0.173 million) to reflect reality and reduce collection costs (Schedule 1, ESDC 10c; IRCC 20c). ## Opponents' View - Limited transparency in the Act text: many lines authorize “the grants listed in any of the Estimates” without program‑level detail, reducing Parliament’s ability to scrutinize specific recipients (multiple items across Schedule 1). - Backdating to April 1, 2021 and allowing payments into 2022–2023 for Schedule 2 may weaken real‑time oversight and compress review near fiscal year‑end (Bill, Effective date; Schedule 2, Order of payment). - Large, late‑year allocations risk inefficient “March rush” spending or lapses, given that unused amounts lapse at year‑end (Schedule 1) or the following year (Schedule 2) (Bill, Lapse and Adjustments clauses). - Broad authority to “expend revenues to offset expenditures” under Financial Administration Act 29.1 in many votes can dilute parliamentary control over gross spending levels (e.g., Health 1c; DFO 1c; Transport 1c; multiple items in Schedule 1). - Loan write‑offs and small targeted forgiveness items are approved in bulk, with limited public detail on criteria for individual accounts, which may raise consistency and fairness questions (Schedule 1, ESDC 10c; IRCC 15c/20c).

Federal $2.5B for COVID-19 Tests

## Summary This bill lets the federal Minister of Health spend up to CAD $2.5 billion on COVID-19 tests and related costs. It also lets the Minister transfer COVID-19 tests and test instruments to provinces, territories, and any body or person in Canada. Payments can cover costs incurred on or after January 1, 2022. Transfers can include tests the federal government acquired on or after April 1, 2021 (Payments out of C.R.F.; Transfers). - Authorizes up to $2.5 billion for COVID-19 test-related expenses (Payments out of C.R.F.). - Allows transfers of tests and test instruments to provinces, territories, and any body or person (Transfers). - Covers expenses incurred on or after January 1, 2022; transfer authority applies to items acquired on or after April 1, 2021. - Sets no rules on who gets tests first, pricing, reporting, or timelines; these are left to the Minister’s discretion (Bill text). ## What it means for you - Households - You may see more COVID-19 tests available if your province, school, pharmacy, or community group receives federal test kits. The bill allows these transfers but does not require free distribution or set eligibility (Transfers). - Workers - Your employer or workplace could receive test kits from federal transfers and offer testing. The bill permits transfers to any body or person but does not mandate workplace programs (Transfers). - Businesses and Non-profits - You could receive test kits directly from the federal stock if the Minister chooses. The bill sets no application process, criteria, or price rules (Transfers). - Health providers and facilities - Hospitals, clinics, labs, and long-term care homes can receive tests and instruments used for testing. This could support screening capacity, subject to federal allocation decisions (Transfers). - Provinces, territories, and municipalities - You can receive federally acquired tests and instruments for distribution or use in public programs (Transfers). - The Minister may make payments for COVID-19 test expenses incurred on or after January 1, 2022. The bill does not specify recipients or cost-sharing terms (Payments out of C.R.F.). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: CAD $2.5 billion maximum (one-time authority; timing tied to expenses incurred on/after January 1, 2022). - No fiscal note published in the bill. Key figures from the text: Item | Amount | Frequency | Source --- | --- | --- | --- Payments authority for COVID-19 tests | CAD $2.5 billion (cap) | One-time cap; for expenses incurred on/after January 1, 2022 | Payments out of C.R.F. Authority to transfer tests/instruments | $0 specified | Ongoing authority to transfer items acquired on/after April 1, 2021 | Transfers - Administrative costs, unit prices, and distribution costs: Data unavailable. ## Proponents' View - Ensures funding is available to secure a large supply of tests during surges, up to $2.5 billion, without needing another bill (Payments out of C.R.F.). - Speeds delivery by allowing direct transfers to provinces, territories, and other recipients, reducing bottlenecks (Transfers). - Allows reimbursement or coverage of eligible costs incurred since January 1, 2022, which can stabilize provincial and partner budgets (Payments out of C.R.F.). - Provides flexibility to send tests and instruments where they are most needed, including to specific facilities or communities (Transfers). - Keeps scope narrow and time-linked to the pandemic testing need by limiting the authority to COVID-19 tests and related instruments (Bill text). Assumptions to note: - Assumes demand for tests remains high and supply can be procured at needed volumes and prices (not specified in the bill). - Assumes provinces and other recipients can distribute tests effectively (not addressed in the bill). ## Opponents' View - Limited accountability: the bill sets no reporting, allocation criteria, or oversight requirements for how tests or funds are distributed (Bill text). - Broad discretion: transfers may go to “any body or person,” with no priority rules for high-risk or low-income groups (Transfers). - Budget uncertainty: $2.5 billion may be too little or too much relative to actual demand; the bill provides no usage forecast or unit cost data (Payments out of C.R.F.). - Unclear recipient payments: the bill authorizes payments for expenses but does not specify who receives funds, under what agreements, or at what reimbursement rates (Payments out of C.R.F.). - Coordination risk: the bill does not address how federal transfers align with provincial procurement, which could create overlap or uneven distribution (Bill text).

Seniors' benefits ignore COVID relief payments

## Summary This bill changes how the federal government counts income when it sets Old Age Security top-ups for low‑income seniors. It excludes specific COVID‑19 emergency benefits from the income used to calculate the Guaranteed Income Supplement (GIS) and the Allowance for months after June 2022 (Bill, s. 1 adding OAS Act s.2(c.1)). The goal is to prevent these temporary benefits from lowering seniors’ GIS or Allowance. - Excludes payments under the CERB, certain EI emergency benefits (Part VIII.4), the Canada Recovery Benefits Act, and the Canada Worker Lockdown Benefit Act from GIS/Allowance income for months after June 2022 (Bill, s. 1). - Applies to GIS (for low‑income seniors 65+) and the Allowance/Allowance for the Survivor (for low‑income spouses or survivors aged 60–64) (OAS Act). - Prevents GIS/Allowance reductions that would have happened because these COVID‑19 benefits were counted as income. - Does not change income tax rules; the change applies only to the OAS/GIS program’s income definition (Bill, s. 1). - Does not provide retroactive relief for months before July 2022 (Bill, s. 1). ## What it means for you - Households (low‑income seniors 65+ receiving GIS) - Starting with payments for July 2022 and later, Service Canada will ignore amounts you received from the listed COVID‑19 benefit programs when calculating your GIS. Your GIS may be higher than it would have been under prior rules (Bill, s. 1). - You do not need to apply for this exclusion; it is built into the calculation of GIS after June 2022 (Bill, s. 1). - Spouses/partners and survivors aged 60–64 (receiving the Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor) - The same exclusion applies. Listed COVID‑19 benefits will not count as income in setting your Allowance for months after June 2022 (Bill, s. 1). - New GIS/Allowance applicants after June 2022 - If your prior‑year income included these COVID‑19 benefits, they will be deducted from the income used to assess your eligibility and payment amount for months after June 2022 (Bill, s. 1). - Seniors who did not receive these COVID‑19 benefits - No change to how your income is assessed for GIS/Allowance. - All recipients - Tax reporting does not change. These benefits may still be taxable for income tax, but the change here is only for GIS/Allowance calculations under the Old Age Security Act (Bill, s. 1). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - The bill requires the government to ignore specific COVID‑19 benefits when calculating GIS/Allowance after June 2022, which increases statutory spending on OAS top‑ups relative to prior rules. No fiscal note or official cost estimate is included in the bill text (Bill, preamble; s. 1). - Explicit appropriations in dollars are not stated. Total cost depends on how many GIS/Allowance recipients received the listed COVID‑19 benefits and the amounts involved. Data unavailable. ## Proponents' View - Protects low‑income seniors from unintended benefit cuts by ensuring temporary COVID‑19 benefits do not reduce GIS/Allowance after June 2022 (Bill, s. 1). - Provides a clear rule across Canada by listing the exact programs to be excluded, reducing confusion for recipients (Bill, s. 1). - Targets relief to seniors and near‑seniors by applying only within the Old Age Security system (GIS and Allowances), limiting scope and exposure (Bill, s. 1). - Prospective application avoids repeated one‑off fixes and gives income stability for benefit months July 2022 onward (Bill, s. 1). ## Opponents' View - Increases program spending without a published cap or estimate; Parliament is asked to approve a change with no official cost figure in the bill text. Data unavailable. - Creates unequal treatment: employment or other taxable income still reduces GIS, but listed COVID‑19 benefits do not, raising fairness concerns among seniors with similar total incomes but different sources (Bill, s. 1). - Sets a precedent for excluding other income types from means tests, which could invite future carve‑outs and add complexity (Bill, s. 1). - Provides no retroactive relief within this bill for months before July 2022, leaving earlier reductions to be addressed separately, if at all (Bill, s. 1).

Targeted COVID Aid for Workers and Businesses

## Summary This bill extends and targets federal COVID-19 supports for workers and businesses. It continues wage and rent subsidies for select sectors through May 7, 2022, with an option to extend to July 2, 2022. It creates a new benefit for workers in regions under a COVID-19 lockdown, extends sickness and caregiving benefits, orders an Auditor General audit, and adds job-protected COVID-19 leave to the Canada Labour Code. - Wage and rent subsidies continue for tourism/hospitality, the hardest-hit firms, and businesses under health restrictions (Part 1; Income Tax Act s.125.7). - New Canada Worker Lockdown Benefit pays $300/week during designated lockdowns (Part 2, Amount of payment). - Sickness benefit weeks rise from 4 to 6; caregiving weeks rise from 42 to 44; both extended to May 7, 2022 (Part 3, ss.10,16,17,23). - Auditor General must audit key COVID-19 benefits and overpayments (Part 3.1). - New job-protected leave for COVID-19 illness/isolation (up to 6 weeks) and caregiving (up to 44 weeks) under the Canada Labour Code (Part 4, s.239.01). ## What it means for you - Households and workers - New lockdown support: If your region is designated as under a COVID-19 lockdown for at least 14 days, you may get $300/week if you lost your job, cannot work self-employed, or had a 50% income drop for reasons tied to the lockdown (Part 2, Eligibility; Designation of region; Amount of payment). - Who qualifies: Age 15+, resident and present in Canada, with at least $5,000 in work-related income in the prior year or last 12 months; must file tax returns on time; cannot also receive EI, CRSB, CRCB, or provincial parental benefits for the same week (Part 2, Eligibility). - Limits: You are not eligible if your job or income loss is because you refused a COVID-19 vaccination requirement (Part 2, ss. (3), (4)). Travel quarantine after entering Canada generally disqualifies you, unless specific medical exceptions apply (Part 2, Eligibility (i)). - Application: Apply within 60 days after the week; you must attest to eligibility and may have to provide information; overpayments must be repaid; penalties apply for knowing false claims (Part 2, Application; Attestation; Provision of information; Return of erroneous payment; Violations). - CRSB and CRCB: You may claim up to 6 weeks of sickness benefit and up to 44 weeks of caregiving benefit, for weeks up to May 7, 2022; eligibility windows can be extended by regulation to July 2, 2022 (Part 3, ss.10–11,16–19,23–24.1). - Businesses and non-profits - Targeted wage and rent help: Support continues for periods through May 7, 2022, focused on: - Tourism and hospitality entities (hotels, restaurants, travel, arts/culture, recreation, events, and related listed activities) with at least a 40% current-month revenue drop and a 12‑month average drop of at least 40% (Income Tax Regulations s.8901.1(2); Income Tax Act s.125.7(1) “prior year revenue decline”). - Hardest-hit entities with a 12‑month average revenue drop ≥50% and a current-month drop ≥50% (Income Tax Act s.125.7(1) “base percentage” (l)(ii), (m)(ii)). - Entities under a qualifying public health restriction for ≥7 days affecting ≥25% of revenues (Income Tax Act s.125.7(1) “qualifying public health restriction”). - Subsidy rates and caps: - For Nov 21, 2021–Mar 12, 2022, base wage/rent subsidy rates can reach up to 75% for eligible tourism/hospitality or restricted entities; up to 50% for hardest-hit entities (Income Tax Act s.125.7(1) “base percentage” (l)). - For Mar 13–May 7, 2022, maximum base rates drop by half (up to 37.5% and 25%) (s.125.7(1) “base percentage” (m)). - Rent subsidy per-location cap increases to $1,000,000 for periods after Oct 23, 2021 (s.125.7(2.1) D: E.1= $1,000,000 for periods 22+). - A 25% rent “top-up” for public-health restrictions continues through May 7, 2022 (s.125.7(1) “rent top-up percentage”). - Conditions for public companies: No subsidy if taxable dividends to common shareholders are paid in the claim period; executive pay clawback applies if executive compensation rises above 2019/2021 baselines (Income Tax Act s.125.7(2.01); s.125.7(14), (14.1)). - Administration: Government may extend periods by regulation but not past July 2, 2022 (s.125.7(1)(d); Part 1; Part 2 “Replacement of May 7, 2022”). - Federally regulated employees - Job-protected leave: Up to 6 weeks if you have COVID-19, are at higher risk, or must isolate on advice; up to 44 weeks to care for a child under 12 or a family member needing supervised care for COVID‑19 reasons (Part 4, s.239.01(1)). - Household limit: Only one household member can take caregiving leave at a time; total caregiving leave per household capped at 44 weeks (Part 4, s.239.01(5), (8)). - Benefits: Seniority, pension, health, and disability benefits continue during leave, with normal employee and employer contributions, unless the employee opts out of contributions (Part 4, s.239.01(15)–(18)). - Vacations: You can interrupt or postpone vacation to take COVID-19 leave (Part 4, ss.187.1, 187.2). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - No official fiscal note is included in the bill text. The bill authorizes payments from the Consolidated Revenue Fund to administer and pay benefits until March 31, 2026 (Part 2, Consolidated Revenue Fund; Part 3, s.41). - Program parameters with fiscal impact: - Canada Worker Lockdown Benefit: $300 per eligible week per person (Part 2, Amount of payment). - Wage and rent subsidies: Targeted rates up to 75% (then 37.5%) for tourism/hospitality or restricted entities, and up to 50% (then 25%) for hardest-hit entities through May 7, 2022 (Income Tax Act s.125.7(1) “base percentage” (l), (m)). - Rent subsidy per-location cap: $1,000,000 for periods after Oct 23, 2021 (Income Tax Act s.125.7(2.1) D: E.1). - CRSB/CRCB weeks increased to 6 and 44, respectively, and extended to May 7, 2022 (Part 3, ss.16, 23). - Aggregate federal cost or savings: Data unavailable. ## Proponents' View - Targets help where need is highest: Focus on tourism/hospitality, the hardest-hit, and businesses under public health restrictions directs limited funds to those with large, sustained revenue losses (Income Tax Act s.125.7(1) “base percentage” (l), (m); Regulations s.8901.1(2)). - Maintains jobs and businesses: Continuing wage and rent supports through May 7, 2022 helps employers keep staff and cover fixed costs during winter waves (Part 1; Income Tax Act s.125.7). - Quick worker relief during lockdowns: $300/week gives workers a simple safety net when local lockdowns occur, with clear rules and a 60‑day application window (Part 2, Eligibility; Application; Amount of payment). - Stronger safeguards: Dividend prohibitions and executive pay clawbacks prevent public companies from using subsidies while rewarding shareholders or boosting executive pay (Income Tax Act s.125.7(2.01), (14), (14.1)). - Oversight and learning: Auditor General audit of major benefits and overpayments promotes accountability and program improvement (Part 3.1). - Supports public health: Extra CRSB/CRCB weeks and job-protected leave make it easier to isolate, seek care, or look after children or family members, reducing workplace spread (Part 3; Part 4, s.239.01). ## Opponents' View - Complexity and red tape: Detailed revenue tests, sector lists, and changing rates may burden small firms and create confusion, leading to uneven access (Income Tax Act s.125.7; Regulations s.8901.1(2)). - Risk of gaps and exclusions: Sector-based eligibility may miss businesses hurt by the pandemic but not on the tourism/hospitality list; caregiving leave is capped per household, which may constrain larger families (Regulations s.8901.1(2); Part 4, s.239.01(5), (8)). - Uncertain and potentially high cost: Total fiscal impact depends on the scale and length of lockdowns and revenue declines; no aggregate cost is provided in the bill (Expenses: Data unavailable). - Enforcement and hardship concerns: Overpayments become debts; the government can garnish bank accounts or wages, which may strain low-income recipients who made errors (Part 2, Return of erroneous payment; Garnishment). - Work incentive debate: Some argue $300/week could discourage a return to work at the margin; others note eligibility requires a 50% income loss and excludes those who quit without reason (Part 2, Eligibility (f), (h)). - Dividend and executive pay limits may deter uptake: Public companies may forgo aid to preserve dividends, possibly affecting workers at those firms (Income Tax Act s.125.7(2.01), (14.1)).

Protect Clinics and Add Paid Sick Days

## Summary This bill changes the Criminal Code and the Canada Labour Code. It creates new crimes for intimidating health workers or blocking access to health care. It also expands bereavement leave for the death of a child or a stillbirth and gives many workers up to 10 paid sick days each year. - Creates new offences for intimidation around health services and for blocking access to health-care sites, with penalties up to 10 years in prison (Criminal Code s.423.2(1)–(3)). - Protects peaceful information-sharing near clinics by adding a narrow defence for attending only to obtain or communicate information (s.423.2(4)). - Requires judges to treat crimes against health workers or crimes that impede access to care as aggravating at sentencing (s.718.2(a)(iii.2), (vii)). - Gives employees covered by the Canada Labour Code up to 10 paid medical leave days per year, with accrual rules, carry-forward, and doctor’s note rules (Canada Labour Code s.239(1.2)–(1.6)). - Extends bereavement leave to up to 8 weeks for the death of a child or a stillbirth, with defined time windows (s.210(1.01)–(1.03)). - Repeals the “personal leave” option specifically for illness or injury, replacing it with the new paid medical leave (s.206.6(1)(a) repealed). ## What it means for you - Households and patients - People cannot legally block your way into a hospital, clinic, or other place that provides health services (s.423.2(2)). - People cannot legally try to scare you away from getting care (s.423.2(1)(a)). - Peaceful attendance to share or obtain information remains allowed if it does not block access or intimidate (s.423.2(4)). - Courts can give tougher sentences when crimes target health workers or stop access to care (s.718.2(a)(iii.2), (vii)). - Health professionals and those who assist them - You are protected from intimidation meant to impede your work, with penalties up to 10 years (s.423.2(1)(b)–(c), (3)). - The new offence is added to investigation and bail provisions, which can affect release conditions and investigative tools with court approval (s.183; s.487.04(c); s.515(4.1), (4.3)). - Workers covered by the Canada Labour Code (federally regulated workplaces) - You can earn up to 10 paid medical leave days per calendar year (s.239(1.2)). - Accrual: after 30 days with your employer, you get 3 paid days; after 60 days, you earn 1 day at the start of each month, up to 10 (s.239(1.2)(a)–(b)). In later years, you earn 1 day per month, up to 10 (s.239(1.2)(c)). - Unused paid days carry forward to January 1 and reduce how many new days you can earn that year (s.239(1.4)). - Paid days are paid at your regular wage for your normal hours (s.239(1.3)). - Your employer may require a doctor’s note only if you take 5 or more consecutive paid days, and they must ask within 15 days after you return (s.239(1.6)). For unpaid medical leave of 3+ days, a note may also be required (s.239(2)). - Employers may require that each leave period be at least one full day (s.239(1.5)). - The old personal leave specifically for illness or injury is repealed; illness is now covered under medical leave with pay (s.206.6(1)(a) repealed; s.239). - Parents who lose a child or experience a stillbirth - You can take up to 8 weeks of job-protected leave for the death of your child (under 18 or a person for whom you receive the Canada caregiver credit) (s.210(1.01), (1.03)). - You can take up to 8 weeks of job-protected leave for a stillbirth, if you, your spouse/partner experienced it, or you would have been a parent of the child (s.210(1.02), (1.03)). - These leaves must be taken within set windows after the death or stillbirth and related services (s.210(1.01), (1.02)). - Employers covered by the Canada Labour Code - You must track and pay up to 10 days of medical leave per employee per year as they accrue (s.239(1.2)–(1.4)). - Paid leave counts as wages for all purposes (s.239(1.3)). - You may set a minimum leave increment of one day and may request certificates as allowed (s.239(1.5)–(2)). - Cabinet may make regulations defining terms or modifying how paid medical leave applies to certain classes of employees to reflect work practices, while keeping substantially equivalent accrual (s.239(13)). - Timing - Some parts take effect 30 days after Royal Assent; others start on dates set by Cabinet by order (Coming into Force (1)–(3)). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - Federal budget appropriations: No explicit appropriations in the bill text. Data unavailable. - Enforcement and justice system costs from new Criminal Code offences: Data unavailable. - Employer wage costs for paid medical leave (up to 10 days/employee/year) fall on federally regulated employers, not the federal treasury (s.239(1.3)). Data unavailable. - Regulatory development and administration (to define terms or modify application by class): Data unavailable. ## Proponents' View - Protects access to health care and worker safety by criminalizing intimidation and obstruction near health services (s.423.2(1)–(2)). - Provides strong deterrence with penalties up to 10 years for serious cases (s.423.2(3)). - Preserves peaceful expression by allowing attendance to obtain or share information, so long as it does not block access or intimidate (s.423.2(4)). - Supports public health and income security by guaranteeing up to 10 paid medical leave days per year, so workers can stay home when ill without losing pay (s.239(1.2)–(1.4)). - Recognizes the impact of crimes against health workers and those that block care by making them aggravating factors at sentencing (s.718.2(a)(iii.2), (vii)). - Gives grieving parents more time off work after the death of a child or a stillbirth, aligning leave with the gravity of these events (s.210(1.01)–(1.03)). ## Opponents' View - Free-expression risk: the phrase “intent to provoke a state of fear” may be hard to assess, which could chill lawful protest even with the defence for information-sharing (s.423.2(1), (4)). Assumes enforcement will err on the side of restriction. - Penalty proportionality: maximum 10-year penalty may be seen as too harsh for some obstruction incidents (s.423.2(3)). Assumes prosecutors will seek severe penalties beyond serious cases. - Employer burden: paying for up to 10 sick days adds wage and administrative costs, especially for smaller firms in federally regulated sectors (s.239(1.2)–(1.5)). Data on total cost is unavailable. - Accrual gap for new hires: workers get no paid days until 30 days of service, which could leave very new employees without paid coverage for short illnesses (s.239(1.2)(a)–(b)). Assumes other leave options are insufficient. - Flexibility concern: Cabinet can modify how paid medical leave applies to classes of employees, which could weaken benefits for some groups through regulation (s.239(13)(b)). Assumes future regulations will narrow coverage.

Supplementary Budget Funds Services and Programs

## Summary This federal supply bill authorizes the government to spend up to CAD $8,749,898,306 for 2021–22 to cover program needs not funded in earlier budgets. It implements Supplementary Estimates (B), which are mid-year budget updates for departments and agencies. Items are effective as of April 1, 2021, the start of the fiscal year (Bill: Effective date; Schedule). - Total new authority: $8,749,898,306 for 2021–22 (Schedule). - Large top-ups for Indigenous Services ($2.071 billion) and Crown–Indigenous Relations ($1.011 billion) (Schedule). - Central funding for government-wide compensation and initiatives through Treasury Board ($1.594 billion) (Schedule). - Added funds for Global Affairs ($683.5 million), National Defence ($644.4 million), and Immigration ($334.1 million) (Schedule). - Some items allow loans or share purchases at international institutions, stated in US dollars (Schedule: Finance L25b; Foreign Affairs L25b). - Departments can record accounting adjustments after year-end until the Public Accounts are tabled (Bill: Adjustments in accounts). ## What it means for you - Households - Federal services funded by these departments continue or expand in 2021–22. Examples include health regulation ($179.9 million), parks and heritage services ($129.4 million Parks; $177.5 million Canadian Heritage), and veterans’ services ($19.2 million) (Schedule). - International aid and development funding ($681.0 million) may support humanitarian responses abroad (Schedule: Foreign Affairs Vote 10b). - Timing: All items take effect as of April 1, 2021, within the fiscal year ending March 31, 2022 (Bill: Effective date). - Indigenous peoples and communities - Significant additional funding flows through Indigenous Services ($2,071,471,146) and Crown–Indigenous Relations ($1,010,699,124), including contributions that can be provided as money, goods, or services (Schedule: Indigenous Services Votes 1b/5b/10b; Crown–Indigenous Relations Votes 1b/10b). - Workers and public servants - Treasury Board receives $1,499,034,014 for compensation adjustments and $82,437,110 for government‑wide initiatives (Schedule: TBS Votes 15b and 10b). - This supports costs tied to updated terms and conditions of employment across the federal public service (Schedule: TBS Vote 15b). - Businesses and sectors - Tourism promotion receives $25,000,000 via Destination Canada (Schedule: Canadian Tourism Commission 1b). - Fisheries, forestry, and natural resources receive new operating, capital, and contribution funding (e.g., Fisheries and Oceans $207,060,746; Natural Resources $69,506,206) (Schedule). - Pacific region economic development gets $155,505,130 (Schedule: Pacific Economic Development Agency). - Students and researchers - Research councils receive added grants (CIHR $15,000,000; NSERC $22,000,000; SSHRC $1,920,000), plus NRC contributions ($103,500,000, including the Thirty Meter Telescope) (Schedule). - Local and provincial governments - Infrastructure Canada gets $94,258,287 (operations and capital) that can support federal infrastructure programs (Schedule). - Environment and Fisheries votes allow contributions to provinces and municipalities for specific projects (Schedule: Environment Vote 5b; Fisheries Vote 5b). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: CAD $8,749,898,306 for FY2021–22. Key voted amounts in Supplementary Estimates (B) authorized by this Act (selected): Item | Amount | Frequency | Source --- | ---:| --- | --- Indigenous Services | $2,071,471,146 | One-time in 2021–22 | Schedule (Votes 1b/5b/10b) Treasury Board Secretariat (incl. compensation) | $1,593,502,834 | One-time in 2021–22 | Schedule (Votes 1b/10b/15b) Crown–Indigenous Relations | $1,010,699,124 | One-time in 2021–22 | Schedule (Votes 1b/10b) Global Affairs (Foreign Affairs) | $683,483,050 | One-time in 2021–22 | Schedule (Votes 1b/10b/L25b) National Defence | $644,354,106 | One-time in 2021–22 | Schedule (Votes 1b/5b/10b) Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship | $334,137,202 | One-time in 2021–22 | Schedule (Votes 1b/5b/10b) Correctional Service of Canada | $217,000,711 | One-time in 2021–22 | Schedule (Vote 1b) Fisheries and Oceans | $207,060,746 | One-time in 2021–22 | Schedule (Votes 1b/5b/10b) Health | $179,917,967 | One-time in 2021–22 | Schedule (Votes 1b/10b) Canadian Heritage | $177,482,602 | One-time in 2021–22 | Schedule (Votes 1b/5b) PacifiCan (Pacific Economic Dev.) | $155,505,130 | One-time in 2021–22 | Schedule (Votes 1b/5b) Environment and Climate Change | $130,023,372 | One-time in 2021–22 | Schedule (Votes 1b/5b/10b) All other departments and agencies | $642,984,686 | One-time in 2021–22 | Schedule Total | $8,749,898,306 | One-time in 2021–22 | Schedule Additional authorities (non-budgetary caps stated in US$): - Finance: Loans to the International Development Association up to US$287,710,000 in 2021–22 (Schedule: Finance L25b). - Foreign Affairs: Purchase of shares in international financial institutions up to US$113,260,814 in 2021–22 (estimated CAD $147,602,231) (Schedule: Foreign Affairs L25b). Accounting/timing provisions: - Items take effect April 1, 2021 (Bill: Effective date). - Departments may record year-end accounting adjustments before the Public Accounts are tabled, without further cash payments (Bill: Adjustments in accounts). ## Proponents' View - Keeps programs funded mid-year. This Act provides legal authority to spend on items “not otherwise provided for” in the Main Estimates, based on Supplementary Estimates (B) (Preamble; Schedule). - Major support for Indigenous services and agreements. About $3.08 billion combined goes to Indigenous Services and Crown–Indigenous Relations (Schedule). - Provides resources for international aid and security. $681,000,000 in contributions for humanitarian assistance, international security, development, and peace (Schedule: Foreign Affairs Vote 10b). - Maintains core public services. Added funding for Defence ($644.4 million), Corrections ($217.0 million), Health ($179.9 million), and Parks ($129.4 million) supports ongoing operations (Schedule). - Implements negotiated compensation. $1,499,034,014 for government‑wide compensation adjustments enables departments to meet updated employment terms (Schedule: TBS Vote 15b). - Supports economic recovery efforts. Funding for tourism ($25,000,000), regional development in the Pacific ($155,505,130), and research councils (over $38,920,000 combined) can aid jobs and growth (Schedule). ## Opponents' View - Limited line‑by‑line transparency. Many entries read “The grants listed in any of the Estimates,” which requires cross‑referencing detailed Estimates and may obscure specific recipients (Schedule). - Large central votes reduce precision. Treasury Board’s Government‑wide Initiatives ($82,437,110) and Compensation Adjustments ($1,499,034,014) are broad envelopes with few program details at the vote level (Schedule: TBS Votes 10b and 15b). - Retroactive effect and transfers. Items are deemed effective April 1, 2021, and transfers of appropriations are deemed authorized as of that date, which can lessen ex‑ante parliamentary scrutiny (Bill: Effective date; Transfers of appropriations). - Post‑year‑end accounting adjustments. The Act allows charging appropriations after year‑end before tabling the Public Accounts, which can complicate public tracking within the fiscal year (Bill: Adjustments in accounts). - Exposure from non‑budgetary authorities. Caps for loans and share purchases at international financial institutions are set in US dollars (Finance L25b; Foreign Affairs L25b), which introduces currency and repayment risks (Schedule). - Delivery risk within a short window. Because these are in‑year top‑ups for 2021–22, there is a risk that some departments may not fully deploy funds by March 31, 2022, leading to lapses or reprofiling (Schedule; timing clauses).

Kids' Unhealthy Food Ads Banned

## Summary This bill amends the Food and Drugs Act to restrict advertising of certain foods to young children. It bans advertising of prescribed foods that exceed set levels of sugars, saturated fat, or sodium when the ad is primarily directed at children under 13. Details (which foods, ad formats, and thresholds) will be set later by regulation. The law also protects trademarks if companies stop using child‑directed branding to comply, and requires a review within 5 years of coming into force. - Bans child‑directed ads for “prescribed” foods above set sugar, saturated fat, or sodium limits (new Food and Drugs Act s.7.1). - Government will define what counts as “primarily directed at” under‑13 audiences and may limit which ad formats are covered (s.30(1)(e.1)-(e.2)). - Government will define “sugars” and “saturated fat” for this purpose (s.30(1)(e.3)). - Trademarks are protected from loss or non‑use claims due to compliance (s.7.2). - A parliamentary committee must review the law within 5 years, with a focus on any shift of marketing to ages 13–17 (Review clause). - Takes effect on a date set by the Governor in Council; no date in the bill (Coming-into-force). ## What it means for you - Households - Ads that are primarily aimed at children under 13 for covered foods will be prohibited once the law and regulations take effect (s.7.1; s.30(1)(e.1)-(e.3)). Start date: to be set by the Governor in Council (Coming-into-force). - The bill does not change what foods can be sold or their prices. It addresses marketing only (s.7.1). - Children and teens - Children under 13: Reduced exposure to marketing of foods that exceed set limits for sugars, saturated fat, or sodium, in media or settings primarily directed at them (s.7.1; s.30(1)(e.1)). - Ages 13–17: Not directly covered. Parliament must review within 5 years to see if marketing shifts to this age group (Review clause). - Food and beverage companies and restaurants - You will need to stop advertising covered foods in ways primarily directed at under‑13 audiences once in force (s.7.1). - What counts as “primarily directed at” and which ad formats are in scope will be defined by regulation; government may limit the forms of advertising covered (s.30(1)(e.1)-(e.2)). - If you remove child‑directed branding or uses to comply, your trademarks will not be penalized for non‑use; non‑use due to compliance counts as “special circumstances” (s.7.2). - Compliance date is not set yet; it begins on the date fixed by the Governor in Council (Coming-into-force). - Advertisers, media, and platforms - You will need to avoid placing covered food ads in content or venues primarily directed at children under 13, once regulations define the tests and the law is in force (s.7.1; s.30(1)(e.1)). - The government may limit which advertising forms the ban applies to (e.g., specific media types), to be set by regulation (s.30(1)(e.2)). The bill’s preamble signals intent to address digital, online content, and endorsements broadly (Preamble). - Retailers and sponsors - In‑store, event, or sponsorship promotions that are primarily directed at under‑13 audiences may be restricted if included by regulation (s.7.1; s.30(1)(e.1)-(e.2)). - Plan for changes to kid‑focused displays, characters, or promotions once regulations are published and the law takes effect. ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - No direct appropriations are included in the bill (Bill text). - No taxes or fees are created by the bill (Bill text). - Government costs to develop regulations, monitor, and enforce are not provided. Data unavailable. - Business compliance costs (e.g., changing ads, packaging, placements) are not provided. Data unavailable. Item | Amount | Frequency | Source --- | --- | --- | --- Direct appropriations in bill | CAD $0 | One-time | Bill text (no appropriations) Regulatory development and enforcement | Data unavailable | Ongoing | Data unavailable Parliamentary review within 5 years | Data unavailable | One-time | Review clause Business compliance and advertising adjustments | Data unavailable | One-time and ongoing | Data unavailable ## Proponents' View - Reduces children’s exposure to marketing of foods high in sugars, saturated fat, or sodium, which the bill’s preamble links to negative health outcomes and cites as having “unequivocal evidence” of impact per the WHO Commission (Preamble). - Moves beyond voluntary industry codes, which the preamble says have not stopped widespread marketing to children (Preamble). - Designed to cover modern marketing channels, including online and endorsements, reflecting how advertising now reaches children (Preamble; s.30(1)(e.2)). - Provides trademark certainty so businesses are not punished for complying (s.7.2). - Builds in accountability through a mandatory 5‑year review, with a focus on displacement to ages 13–17 (Review clause). - Allows clear regulatory tests for when an ad is “primarily directed at” under‑13 audiences (s.30(1)(e.1)). ## Opponents' View - Key details are deferred to regulations (what foods are “prescribed,” thresholds, media covered), creating uncertainty and possible overreach until rules are published (s.7.1; s.30(1)(e.1)-(e.3)). - Compliance could affect revenue for broadcasters, platforms, sponsors, and agencies that sell child‑directed ads; costs are not estimated (Data unavailable). - Enforcing a standard based on whether an ad is “primarily directed at” under‑13 audiences can be complex, especially online and across borders (s.7.1; s.30(1)(e.1)). - Marketing may shift to target teens 13–17 rather than decline overall; the bill anticipates this risk and calls for review, implying displacement is a concern (Review clause). - Depending on how regulations define covered formats, general‑audience advertising that reaches mixed ages could be chilled to avoid risk (s.30(1)(e.1)-(e.2)). Assumption: depends on regulatory thresholds and tests. - The option to “limit the forms of advertising” covered may lead to uneven rules across media and disputes over what is in scope (s.30(1)(e.2)).

Trade Deals Can't Expand Dairy, Poultry, Eggs

## Summary This bill changes the Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development Act. It would bar the Minister of Foreign Affairs from agreeing in any trade treaty to expand import access for supply‑managed goods. These goods are dairy products, poultry, and eggs. It does not change Canada’s current tariffs or quotas. It only limits what future trade deals can include (Bill s.10(2.1)). - Blocks any future trade deal from increasing tariff rate quotas (TRQs) for dairy, poultry, or eggs (Bill s.10(2.1)(a)). - Blocks any future trade deal from lowering over‑quota tariffs on those goods (Bill s.10(2.1)(b)). - Leaves existing trade agreements and current TRQs/tariffs as they are; the bill does not act retroactively (Bill s.10(2.1)). - Affects how Canada can negotiate future trade agreements, by removing two bargaining options for these goods. - No direct changes to domestic supply‑management rules or farm quotas. ## What it means for you - Households - No immediate change in grocery prices. The bill does not change current tariffs, quotas, or prices (Bill s.10(2.1)). - In future trade talks, Canada could not expand import quotas or lower over‑quota tariffs for dairy, poultry, or eggs. Any price effects that might have come from such concessions would not occur. Data unavailable. - Farmers and workers in supply‑managed sectors (dairy, poultry, eggs) - More policy certainty. Future trade deals could not add new import access for these products through higher TRQs or lower over‑quota tariffs (Bill s.10(2.1)(a)-(b)). - Existing protections remain. Over‑quota tariffs on these goods are high, often above 200% under Canada’s tariff schedule, and would stay unless changed by domestic law (Customs Tariff; Bill s.10(2.1)). - Food processors, retailers, and restaurants that use dairy, poultry, or eggs - Future trade agreements would not create new or larger TRQs for these inputs. Planning should assume no extra duty‑reduced import volumes from future trade deals (Bill s.10(2.1)(a)). - Over‑quota import costs would remain high unless changed by domestic law, since trade deals could not lower those tariffs (Bill s.10(2.1)(b)). - Importers of dairy, poultry, or eggs - No new access in future trade deals via larger TRQs or lower over‑quota tariffs for these goods (Bill s.10(2.1)). - Current TRQs and administration stay the same unless changed by other laws or regulations. Data unavailable. - Exporters in other sectors - Canada would have fewer options to trade off market access in these supply‑managed goods when bargaining for access abroad. This could affect the scope or pace of future trade deals. Data unavailable. - Federal government and trade negotiators - Negotiators could not offer, in any treaty or agreement, increases to TRQs or cuts to over‑quota tariffs for these goods (Bill s.10(2.1)). - The amendment is placed in the section of the Act dealing with the Minister of Foreign Affairs (s.10). Other ministerial authorities in the Act are not amended, which may raise interpretation questions (Bill s.10; Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development Act). - Timing - If enacted, the constraint would apply on Royal Assent to future treaties and agreements; existing commitments would not change (Bill s.10(2.1)). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - No appropriations are in the bill; it creates no new programs, taxes, fees, or penalties (Bill s.10(2.1)). - No official fiscal note identified. Data unavailable. - Possible indirect economic effects would depend on outcomes of future trade negotiations. Data unavailable. ## Proponents' View - Protects supply management by law. The bill prevents future trade deals from expanding import access for dairy, poultry, and egg products, preserving the current policy framework (Bill s.10(2.1)(a)-(b)). - Provides certainty for farm planning and investment. With no future treaty‑based increases to TRQs or cuts to over‑quota tariffs, producers can plan around stable market shares (Bill s.10(2.1)). - Avoids repeating past market‑access concessions in these sectors. Supporters say this reduces the risk that farmers lose domestic share in future talks (Bill s.10(2.1)). - May limit future compensation needs. When past trade agreements granted access in these sectors, the federal government created compensation programs for affected producers; locking in protections could reduce that need in future (Government of Canada announcements; Data unavailable for totals). ## Opponents' View - Reduces Canada’s flexibility in trade negotiations. By removing two standard bargaining tools—larger TRQs and lower over‑quota tariffs—Canada may find it harder to secure gains for other sectors (Bill s.10(2.1); Data unavailable). - Could limit the scope or timeline of future trade deals. Partners often seek agricultural access; Canada would be unable to offer it in these categories, which may constrain agreements (Bill s.10(2.1); Data unavailable). - May keep consumer prices above levels that could result from liberalization. Non‑partisan research has found domestic prices under supply management are generally above world prices; blocking future access keeps that structure in place (Library of Parliament, 2018; Data unavailable for bill‑specific effects). - Legal drafting and enforceability concerns. The amendment applies to the Minister of Foreign Affairs (s.10), while trade negotiations are also led by the Minister for International Trade under a different section of the Act. This may raise questions about coverage and remedies if a contrary commitment were made (Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development Act; Bill s.10(2.1)). - Unclear remedy. The bill bars certain commitments but sets no explicit enforcement process or penalties. Any dispute would likely be resolved only after a commitment is made, creating risk (Bill s.10(2.1)).

Federal Offence for Risky Barn Entry

## Summary This bill amends the federal Health of Animals Act to create a specific offence for entering barns or other enclosed places where animals are kept without permission, if that entry could reasonably be expected to expose animals to a disease or toxic substance. It also sets new maximum fines and possible jail time for individuals and organizations that break this rule (new s. 9.1; s. 65(1.1)-(1.2)). - Defines a new offence for unauthorized entry that risks exposing animals to disease or toxins (new s. 9.1). - Applies to bringing in any animal or “thing” (for example, equipment, clothing, or materials) that could carry disease or toxins (new s. 9.1). - Sets maximum penalties for individuals: up to CAD $25,000 and/or up to 3 months on summary conviction; up to CAD $100,000 and/or up to 1 year on indictment (s. 65(1.1)). - Sets maximum penalties for organizations: up to CAD $100,000 on summary conviction; up to CAD $500,000 on indictment (s. 65(1.2)). - Requires proof that exposure “could reasonably be expected,” not just that someone entered without permission (new s. 9.1). ## What it means for you - Households and visitors - Unauthorized entry into barns or other enclosed areas where animals are kept, when your presence could reasonably be expected to expose animals to disease or toxins, becomes a federal offence. Penalties can include fines and jail (new s. 9.1; s. 65(1.1)). - Bringing in items or animals that could carry disease or toxins without permission can also trigger the offence (new s. 9.1). - People with permission or lawful excuse (for example, invited guests, lawful inspectors) are not targeted by this offence (new s. 9.1). - Workers and service providers - Employees, veterinarians, delivery drivers, and contractors with lawful authority can continue their work. The offence focuses on unauthorized entry that poses a biosecurity risk (new s. 9.1). - Good biosecurity practices matter. If you lack authority or excuse and bring in items that could spread disease, you may face charges (new s. 9.1). - Farmers and animal facility operators - Provides a federal offence you can report if someone enters enclosed animal areas without permission and risks exposure to disease or toxins (new s. 9.1). - The bill does not set biosecurity rules, signage, or protocols. It does not change your existing duties under other laws. It adds a specific offence for risky, unauthorized entry (new s. 9.1). - Advocacy groups and media - Unauthorized entry into enclosed animal areas that could reasonably be expected to expose animals to disease or toxins carries new legal risk, including fines and possible jail (new s. 9.1; s. 65(1.1)-(1.2)). - Across Canada - Applies nationwide once in force as part of the federal Health of Animals Act (new s. 9.1). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable (no appropriations in the bill; enforcement costs not estimated). - No direct appropriations, grants, or fees are created by the bill text. Data unavailable on enforcement costs or court impacts (Bill text). - Potential fine revenue exists due to new maximum fines, but expected amounts are not estimated. Data unavailable. - Any training or operational costs for enforcement and prosecution are not specified. Data unavailable. ## Proponents' View - Improves animal biosecurity by targeting conduct that risks exposing animals to disease or toxic substances, helping prevent outbreaks in barns and enclosed facilities (new s. 9.1). - Creates clear, stronger penalties to deter risky trespass and the introduction of contaminated items or animals (s. 65(1.1)-(1.2)). - Fills a gap by creating a specific federal offence under the Health of Animals Act, rather than relying only on general trespass or property laws (new s. 9.1). - Uses a “could reasonably be expected” standard, which requires proof of a real risk, not mere presence. This sets a threshold the prosecution must meet (new s. 9.1). - Applies to both individuals and organizations, aligning penalties with the potential scale of harm (s. 65(1.1)-(1.2)). ## Opponents' View - Overbreadth and vagueness: “Thing” is not defined in the bill, and “could reasonably be expected” may be applied inconsistently, creating uncertainty for visitors, workers, and media (new s. 9.1). - Chilling effects: The risk of criminal charges and high fines could deter whistleblowers or journalists from documenting conditions, even when they take precautions (new s. 9.1; s. 65(1.1)). - Duplication: Provinces already have trespass and related laws; the added federal offence may duplicate existing tools without clear evidence of added effectiveness. Data unavailable. - Enforcement burden: Investigating biosecurity risk and proving “reasonable expectation” may require expert evidence and increase workload for police, inspectors, and courts. Data unavailable. - Uneven application: The bill does not set standards for notice or signage, which could lead to disputes over whether a person had fair warning that entry posed a biosecurity risk (new s. 9.1).

Canada creates public company owners registry

## Summary This bill amends the Canada Business Corporations Act (CBCA) to create a public registry of individuals with significant control (ISC) over federally incorporated companies, strengthen data reporting and verification, and add enforcement tools. It also updates related laws to enable data checks with the Canada Revenue Agency and to support anti–money laundering controls. Most provisions take effect on dates set by the Governor in Council. - Makes certain ISC information public: name; an address (service or, if none, residential); how and when the person became an ISC; and prescribed items, with safety and age-based exceptions (new CBCA provisions tied to 21.303; “Information available to public”). - Requires corporations to update ISC information at least yearly, on the Director’s request, and on timelines set by regulation; and to send selected ISC data to the Director annually and within 15 days of changes (CBCA 21.1(2); 21.21(1)–(2)). - Adds an offence for failing to send required ISC information to the Director; fine up to $100,000 (CBCA 21.21(4)). - Increases penalties for knowing non-compliance by directors/officers to up to $1,000,000 or 5 years’ imprisonment, or both (CBCA 21.4(5)). - Allows the Director to dissolve corporations for certain filing/payment failures and to make inquiries that must be answered (CBCA 212(1)(a)(iii), 212(3.1), 237). - Permits CRA to share limited tax data to validate CBCA ISC filings; and requires reporting of beneficial ownership discrepancies under anti–money laundering rules (Income Tax Act 241(4)(u); PCMLTFA 73(1)(c)). ## What it means for you - Households - If you are listed as an ISC of a CBCA corporation, the public will see your name and an address. If you provide an address for service, that is shown; if not, your residential address is shown (new CBCA “Information available to public” (1)(a)–(c)). - The public will also see how you have control and the dates you became or ceased to be an ISC (CBCA 21.1(1)(c)–(d), made public by new provisions). - Your information will not be public if you are under 18, if prescribed circumstances apply, or if you receive an exemption due to a serious safety risk, incapacity, a confidentiality law, or other prescribed reasons (new CBCA “Information available to public” (2)–(3)). - Whistleblowers’ identities are protected: information that could reveal who reported suspected wrongdoing to the Director will not be made public, except to specific investigative bodies (CBCA 266.1(1)–(2)). - Businesses (CBCA corporations) - You must identify all ISCs and keep a register that includes name, date of birth, residential address, address for service (if provided), citizenship, and other required details (CBCA 21.1(1)(a), (a.1)). - You must verify and update the ISC register at least once each financial year, on the Director’s request, and when regulations require (CBCA 21.1(2)). - You must send ISC information the Director specifies each year, and send specified changes within 15 days of recording them; after certain certificate events, you must also send the Director ISC information within the period the Director sets (CBCA 21.21(1)–(2)). - Failure to send required information without reasonable cause is an offence, punishable by a fine up to $100,000 (CBCA 21.21(4)). - Knowing authorization or acquiescence by directors/officers in specified violations can lead to fines up to $1,000,000, up to 5 years’ imprisonment, or both (CBCA 21.4(1), (5)). - The Director can dissolve a corporation for defaulting for one year on required filings/fees, for non-payment of the incorporation fee, or for failing to comply with 21.21(2) (CBCA 212(1)(a)(iii), 212(3.1)). - The Director may make inquiries and require documents or information from any person; you must respond (CBCA 237(1)–(2)). - The Director can refuse to issue a certificate of existence if you are in default on filings or fees (CBCA 263.1(2)). - The Director can set the form, content, signatures, and timing rules for electronic filings, and may require verification of facts in filings (CBCA 258.1; 259(1)). - Public and civil society - You will be able to search key ISC information for CBCA corporations, improving visibility into who owns or controls companies (new CBCA “Information available to public” (1)). - General access under CBCA section 266 will not include raw data sent under 21.21; access will occur through the specific public-disclosure provisions (coordinating amendment to CBCA 266). - Provinces and regulators - The federal Director may share ISC information with provincial corporate registries or departments responsible for corporate law (new CBCA “Provision of information by Director”). - Financial institutions and other reporting entities must report discrepancies in beneficial ownership information found during identity verification to government institutions or agencies, as set by regulation (PCMLTFA 73(1)(c)). - Taxpayers and privacy - CRA may share limited shareholder and related-corporation data (including names and identifiers like SIN or BN) with Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada, only to verify CBCA ISC filings for private corporations (Income Tax Act 241(4)(u)). This data is not part of the public registry. - Timing - Provisions take effect on dates set by order of the Governor in Council; some are coordinated with sections of the Budget Implementation Act, 2022, No. 1 (Coming into Force). ## Expenses - Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - Fiscal information - No fiscal note located in the bill text. Data unavailable. - The Act authorizes the Director to charge fees for receiving, examining, filing, issuing, and copying documents; specific fee amounts will be set by regulation or by the Director (CBCA 261(1)(b); 261.1; 258.1). Data unavailable. - Fine revenue may result from new and expanded offences; amounts depend on enforcement outcomes. Data unavailable. - Administrative costs to implement the registry and verification are not specified in the bill. Data unavailable. ## Proponents' View - Improves transparency and deters misuse of companies by making core ISC details public, including names, addresses, and the nature and timing of control (new CBCA “Information available to public” (1); 21.1(1)(c)–(d)). - Strengthens compliance through regular updates, 15-day reporting of changes, and higher penalties for knowing violations by directors and officers (CBCA 21.1(2); 21.21(1)–(2), (4); 21.4(5)). - Enhances data quality by allowing CRA to validate corporate ownership data against tax records for private corporations (Income Tax Act 241(4)(u)). - Supports anti–money laundering efforts by requiring reporting of beneficial ownership discrepancies found during identity checks (PCMLTFA 73(1)(c)). - Protects vulnerable individuals by excluding minors and allowing exemptions where disclosure would seriously threaten safety or where confidentiality laws apply (new CBCA “Information available to public” (2)–(3)). - Facilitates intergovernmental cooperation by permitting sharing of ISC information with provincial corporate authorities (new CBCA “Provision of information by Director”). ## Opponents' View - Privacy concerns: publishing an individual’s residential address if no service address is provided may expose personal information; although exemptions exist, approval is discretionary and case-by-case (new CBCA “Information available to public” (1)(b)–(c), (3)). - Data accuracy risks: corporations self-report; accuracy depends on corporate compliance and the Director’s verification tools. CRA data-sharing helps only for private corporations and selected fields (Income Tax Act 241(4)(u)); errors or omissions may persist (CBCA 21.1(2); 21.21). - Compliance burden on small businesses: yearly verification, 15-day change reporting, and possible inquiries add administrative work and potential costs; fee schedules will be set later, creating uncertainty (CBCA 21.1(2); 21.21(1)–(2); 258.1; 261–261.1). - Enforcement scope and fragmentation: the bill applies to CBCA (federally incorporated) corporations; many companies are incorporated provincially. The Director can share data with provinces, but provincial coverage depends on separate laws (new CBCA “Provision of information by Director”). - Implementation and timing risk: many sections take effect by order in council and are coordinated with other Acts, which can delay or phase in key features (Coming into Force; coordinating amendment to CBCA 266). - Potential unintended consequences: public data could be misused for harassment or fraud if individuals do not provide a service address; while safety exemptions exist, they rely on applications and Director discretion (new CBCA “Information available to public” (1), (3)).

Coordinating Prairie Green Economy Programs

## Summary This Act tells the federal minister in charge of Prairie economic development to create a framework to build a green economy in the Prairie provinces. The minister must work with six other federal ministers, consult local and Indigenous leaders, and report progress to Parliament on a set timeline. The Act sets priorities but does not fund projects or create new programs by itself. - Coordinates how federal programs are delivered in the Prairies to support a green economy (s. 3(1)). - Requires consultation with provinces, municipalities, Indigenous governing bodies, employers, employees, and the private sector, unless another law already requires similar consultation (s. 3(2), 3(2.1)). - Sets focus areas: rural and small-city transit; jobs and skills in regions tied to traditional energy; natural infrastructure and clean environment projects (including nuclear energy); clean energy in key sectors; locally tailored green projects; and climate adaptation infrastructure (s. 3(3)(a)-(f)). - Requires a framework report within 12 months of the Act coming into force, online publication within 10 days of tabling, a progress report within 2 years after that, and then every 5 years (s. 4(1)-(2), s. 5). ## What it means for you - Households - Rural and small-city residents may see federal programs place more emphasis on improving public transportation options, depending on how the framework shapes program delivery (s. 3(3)(a)). No direct benefits are guaranteed by the Act. - Communities may see more planning for climate adaptation infrastructure (for floods, fires, heat), where federal programs are involved (s. 3(3)(f)). - Workers - Workers in regions that rely on oil, gas, coal, or related industries may see more focus on job creation and skills transfer in federal programming, aimed at a net‑zero economy (s. 3(3)(b)). The Act does not itself create training or jobs but directs the framework to include such measures. - Businesses - Firms in clean energy, construction, forestry, agriculture, manufacturing, tourism, and transportation may find more opportunities as federal programs prioritize natural infrastructure, clean energy, and climate projects (s. 3(3)(c)-(e)). - Projects can draw on all energy sources, including nuclear, where consistent with a clean environment focus (s. 3(3)(c)). - Local governments and Indigenous governing bodies - The minister must consult provincial, municipal, and Indigenous governing bodies when developing the framework, unless another law already requires similar consultations (s. 3(2), 3(2.1)). - Local context and participation are required considerations when establishing programs and projects that stimulate a green economy (s. 3(3)(e)). - Timing and transparency - Framework due within 12 months of the Act coming into force; posted online within 10 days after tabling in both Houses of Parliament (s. 4(1)-(2)). - Progress and effectiveness report due within 2 years after the framework is tabled, then every 5 years (s. 5). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - No explicit appropriations, taxes, or fees are created by the Act (Act text). - Federal departments must develop the framework and produce reports on set timelines; administrative costs are not estimated in public sources (Data unavailable). - Any future project spending would come from separate program decisions and budgets, not this Act (Act text). ## Proponents' View - Better coordination across seven federal portfolios can reduce duplication and align programs for greater impact in the Prairies (s. 3(1)). - Required consultations with provinces, municipalities, Indigenous governing bodies, employers, and employees should make programs fit local needs and labor markets (s. 3(2)). - Clear priorities direct federal efforts to: - improve rural and small-city transit options (s. 3(3)(a)); - support worker transition and job creation in traditional energy regions (s. 3(3)(b)); - build natural infrastructure and climate-resilient projects (s. 3(3)(c), 3(3)(f)). - Including all energy sources, such as nuclear, keeps options open to reach net‑zero while maintaining reliability (s. 3(3)(c)). - Fixed deadlines for the framework and progress reports increase transparency and accountability (12 months; then 2 years; then every 5 years) (s. 4(1), s. 4(2), s. 5). ## Opponents' View - The Act does not fund projects or change eligibility rules; it may add process without delivering concrete results (no appropriations in Act text). - Broad goals like “prioritizing projects” lack criteria; agencies could interpret them differently, leading to uneven implementation across regions (s. 3(3)(c), 3(3)(e)). - Reporting and coordination duties may consume staff time and delay existing program delivery; administrative costs are unknown (Data unavailable). - The consultation exception could limit new engagement where existing processes are deemed sufficient, leaving some voices underrepresented (s. 3(2.1)). - Federal coordination on sectors like transportation and natural resources could overlap with provincial responsibilities, creating intergovernmental friction or mixed signals for investors (s. 3(1), s. 3(3)).

Canada–United States–Mexico Agreement Implementation Act

Supplementary Federal Spending for 2019–20

## Summary This supply bill authorizes the federal government to spend up to CAD $4,855,257,827 for programs and operations in 2019–2020 that were not covered in the main budget, based on Supplementary Estimates (A) (Schedules 1–2). Most amounts are available for the fiscal year that ended March 31, 2020, with a smaller portion allowed to be spent until March 31, 2021 (Schedule 2). The authority is effective retroactive to April 1, 2019, and unused funds generally lapse after the allowed period (Effective date (2); Order of payment (2)). - Authorizes $4,749,734,561 for one-year items (Schedule 1) and $105,523,266 for two-year items (Schedule 2). - Targets many departments, including Veterans Affairs, Foreign Affairs, National Defence, Fisheries and Oceans, Transport, RCMP, and Treasury Board Secretariat (Schedule 1). - Permits Schedule 2 amounts to be spent up to March 31, 2021; remaining balances then lapse (Order of payment (2); Schedule 2). - Does not change eligibility rules or create new programs; it provides spending authority for stated purposes only (Purpose of each item (1)). ## What it means for you - Households and service users - Veterans: Additional $741,968,100 for grants and contributions, plus $115,476,233 for operations at Veterans Affairs; supports delivery of veterans’ benefits and services during 2019–2020 (Schedule 1). - Air travel: $26,110,960 to the Canadian Air Transport Security Authority for operating and capital costs; may support screening capacity in airports during 2019–2020 (Schedule 1). - International assistance and security: $538,115,990 in contributions at Foreign Affairs for trade promotion, humanitarian assistance, development, and peace/security work; total for the department is $565,493,354 (Schedule 1). - Health and research: Added funding to Health ($99,452,474), Canadian Institutes of Health Research ($6,758,252), NSERC ($18,789,106), and SSHRC ($1,962,678); supports regulatory, health, and research grants in 2019–2020 (Schedule 1). - Culture and media: $63,898,198 for Canadian Heritage (operations and contributions) and $7,500,000 to Telefilm Canada (Schedule 1). - Parks and heritage sites: $20,539,271 for Parks Canada (two‑year authority) for programs, capital, grants, and contributions (Schedule 2). - Workers (federal public service, RCMP, Canadian Forces) - Compensation adjustments: $466,720,520 under Treasury Board to supplement other appropriations when terms and conditions of employment are adjusted; total for TBS is $526,418,480 (Schedule 1). - RCMP: $268,520,407 across operating, capital, and contributions (Schedule 1). - Businesses and industry - Transport programs: $200,093,768 for a Green and Innovative Transportation System, $15,192,044 for a Safe and Secure Transportation System, and $6,965,510 for an Efficient Transportation System; total Transport Canada funding is $223,868,210 (Schedule 1). - Fisheries, oceans, and marine services: $355,892,917 to Fisheries and Oceans, including Coast Guard operations, capital, and contributions (Schedule 1). - Trade and investment: Foreign Affairs contributions include trade and investment promotion activities (Schedule 1). - Indigenous communities and northern residents - Crown‑Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs: $185,789,393 in contributions and $87,505,898 for operations; supports listed purposes such as economic development capacity and infrastructure works (Schedule 1). - Indigenous Services: $18,531,900 in contributions and $14,062,240 for operations linked to health protection and services (Schedule 1). - Travelers and border users - Border services and customs: $63,224,651 to the Canada Border Services Agency (two‑year authority) for operating and capital costs (Schedule 2). - Marine ferry users: $3,000,000 to Marine Atlantic for management, capital, and ferry services between Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador (Schedule 1). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: CAD $4,855,257,827 (one-time authority for FY2019–2020). - Total authorized: $4,855,257,827; based on Supplementary Estimates (A) (Grant of sum; Schedules 1–2). - Schedule 1 total (one-year items): $4,749,734,561 (Schedule 1). - Schedule 2 total (available through March 31, 2021): $105,523,266 (Schedule 2; Order of payment (2)). Item | Amount | Frequency | Source --- | --- | --- | --- Total appropriation | $4,855,257,827 | One-time (FY2019–2020) | Grant of sum; Schedules 1–2 Schedule 1 subtotal | $4,749,734,561 | Spendable through Mar 31, 2020 (with non-cash year-end adjustments) | Schedule 1 Schedule 2 subtotal | $105,523,266 | Spendable through Mar 31, 2021 | Schedule 2; Order of payment (2) Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development (total) | $565,493,354 | FY2019–2020 | Schedule 1 Veterans Affairs (total) | $857,444,333 | FY2019–2020 | Schedule 1 Treasury Board Secretariat (total) | $526,418,480 | FY2019–2020 | Schedule 1 National Defence (total) | $427,162,714 | FY2019–2020 | Schedule 1 Fisheries and Oceans (total) | $355,892,917 | FY2019–2020 | Schedule 1 RCMP (total) | $268,520,407 | FY2019–2020 | Schedule 1 Transport Canada (total) | $223,868,210 | FY2019–2020 | Schedule 1 Shared Services Canada (total) | $235,245,618 | FY2019–2020 | Schedule 1 CBSA (two‑year authority) | $63,224,651 | Through Mar 31, 2021 | Schedule 2 CRA (two‑year authority) | $21,759,344 | Through Mar 31, 2021 | Schedule 2 Parks Canada (two‑year authority) | $20,539,271 | Through Mar 31, 2021 | Schedule 2 Notes: - Each item can be spent only for its stated purpose and terms (Purpose of each item (1)). - Schedule 1 appropriations may be charged after year‑end only to make non‑cash adjustments before Public Accounts are tabled (Adjustments — Schedule 1). - Schedule 2 amounts may be spent and applied up to March 31, 2021; uncharged balances then lapse, subject to standard adjustments (Order of payment (2); Schedule 2). ## Proponents' View - Maintains core services without interruption by providing retroactive authority to April 1, 2019, covering gaps from Supplementary Estimates (A) (Effective date (2); Schedules 1–2). - Directs large, time‑limited funds to urgent priorities, such as veterans’ benefits and services ($857.4 million), international assistance and trade promotion ($565.5 million), and transportation safety and innovation ($223.9 million) (Schedule 1). - Supports public service labour agreements and workforce stability via $466.7 million for compensation adjustments (Schedule 1). - Enhances safety and security capacity through added funds to CATSA ($26.1 million), RCMP ($268.5 million), and CBSA ($63.2 million, two‑year) (Schedules 1–2). - Includes clear lapse and purpose controls to limit spending and promote accountability; unused funds generally lapse at year‑end or the following year for Schedule 2 (Purpose of each item (1); Order of payment (2)). ## Opponents' View - Limited program detail in an appropriation bill reduces Parliament’s ability to assess outcomes; many lines refer broadly to “grants listed in the Estimates” without itemized impacts (multiple Votes, Schedule 1). - Broad Treasury Board authorities (e.g., $466.7 million for compensation adjustments; $45.8 million for government‑wide initiatives) may allow reallocations with limited visibility until Public Accounts (Schedule 1). - Retroactive approval to April 1, 2019, can compress scrutiny after funds are already needed or partially committed (Effective date (2)). - Two‑year spending windows (Schedule 2) and year‑end adjustment provisions can make tracking actual use complex for the public (Adjustments — Schedules 1–2; Order of payment (2)). - The bill does not identify offsets or revenue increases; it authorizes gross outlays from the Consolidated Revenue Fund up to $4.855 billion (Grant of sum).

Appropriation Act No. 2, 2025-26

## Summary This bill approves extra funding for the federal government for the 2025–26 fiscal year. It authorizes up to $8.58 billion from the federal government’s main bank account (the Consolidated Revenue Fund) to cover costs not already approved. Most of the money goes to National Defence and the Communications Security Establishment (CSE). The authority takes effect as of April 1, 2025. - Total new funding: about $8.58 billion based on the first in‑year update to the budget plan (called Supplementary Estimates A). - Department of National Defence: about $8.21 billion for operations, equipment, and grants/contributions. - Communications Security Establishment (Canada’s signals intelligence and cyber security agency): about $370 million for program costs. - Defence can enter into long‑term contracts up to about $86.76 billion, with roughly $52.95 billion expected to be paid in future years. - Defence and CSE can re‑spend revenue they earn from their own operations this year to offset their costs. - Allows routine accounting adjustments after year‑end to close the books, without new cash payments. ## What it means for you - General public - No direct change to taxes or personal benefits. This is a funding bill to keep approved federal activities running. - More resources for national defence and cyber security, which can affect safety, military readiness, and protection of government systems. - Military members and families - More funding for operations, training, and support activities. Specific programs are not listed here, but the money covers day‑to‑day operating costs and some equipment purchases. - Businesses and organizations - Potential opportunities for contracts or contributions tied to defence equipment, services, supplies, or facilities. - Some agreements may span multiple years, since the bill lets Defence commit to long‑term contracts, with many payments due later. - Transparency and timing - Spending is tied to items listed in the government’s in‑year estimates and must follow any conditions set there. - Some non‑cash accounting entries can be finalized after the fiscal year ends, which helps ensure accurate public accounts. ## Expenses Estimated annual cost: about CAD $8.58 billion. - Department of National Defence: about $8.21 billion - Operating costs: about $3.97 billion - Capital (equipment and infrastructure): about $0.80 billion - Grants and contributions (including support related to defence equipment, services, supplies, or facilities): about $3.44 billion - Communications Security Establishment: about $370 million for program expenditures - Additional authority: Defence may enter into contracts up to about $86.76 billion in total commitments for this cycle, with an estimated $52.95 billion to be paid in future years. This is permission to commit, not extra cash this year. ## Proponents' View - Ensures the military and cyber security agencies have the funds they need to operate and respond to threats. - Updates the budget mid‑year to reflect new needs and timing changes, which keeps services running smoothly. - Allows long‑term contracts so Defence can plan major projects and upgrades over several years. - Lets departments re‑spend revenue they earn from operations in the same year, improving efficiency. - Includes standard controls: money must be used only for the stated purposes and follow conditions in the estimates. ## Opponents' View - Adds a large amount of in‑year spending, which could strain the budget if not offset elsewhere. - Much of the money is grouped under broad votes, which can make it hard for the public to see project‑level details. - Authority to make large future commitments may limit flexibility for future budgets. - Increased funding for intelligence and cyber agencies may raise transparency and privacy concerns for some, even if oversight rules are unchanged. - Risk that long‑term defence projects face delays or cost overruns, reducing value for money.

Appropriation Act No. 1, 2025-26

## Summary This is a routine federal “supply” bill. It gives the Government of Canada permission to spend up to about $149.8 billion on departments, agencies, and Crown corporations for the fiscal year that ends March 31, 2026. It covers the parts of government spending that require an annual vote by Parliament. Key points: - Sets an overall spending limit of about $149.8 billion, effective April 1, 2025. - Lists funding for most departments and agencies (health, housing, defence, veterans, Indigenous services, transport, and more). - Gives two big revenue agencies (Canada Revenue Agency and Canada Border Services Agency) funding that can be used over two years (to March 31, 2027). - Cleans the books for old student debts by writing off about $197 million in uncollectable student and apprentice loans. - Includes central funds for emergencies and routine adjustments (for example, a $1 billion contingency fund and carry-forward authorities). ## What it means for you - General public - Government services keep running. Offices stay open, call centres answer, inspections happen, and programs are delivered. - Health protection work continues (food and product safety, disease prevention) through Health Canada and the Public Health Agency of Canada. - Policing and public safety receive ongoing support (RCMP, emergency preparedness). - Travelers and flyers - Airport screening and security continue (Canadian Air Transport Security Authority). - Border services remain staffed and equipped (CBSA funding spans two years to manage large projects and staffing). - Support for VIA Rail and the Windsor–Detroit bridge helps maintain travel options and infrastructure. - Families, renters, and homeowners - Housing programs and community infrastructure receive funding through the Department of Housing, Infrastructure and Communities. - The Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation is reimbursed for loans forgiven and other costs tied to housing programs. - Students and apprentices - About $197 million in long-overdue student and apprentice loans are written off, tidying up accounts. This does not change current loan rules, but it clears debts the government cannot collect. - Indigenous communities - Large operating and contribution funds flow to Indigenous Services and Crown–Indigenous Relations for health, infrastructure, services, and agreements with communities. - Veterans - Veterans Affairs receives funding for benefits administration and services. - Workers and businesses - Canada Revenue Agency and Employment and Social Development get operating funds to administer benefits and tax services. - Innovation, research, and tourism agencies, as well as regional development agencies, receive contributions that support jobs and investment. - CBC/Radio‑Canada, Canada Post, and cultural institutions receive operating and capital support. ## Expenses Estimated total authorized spending in this bill: about CAD $149.8 billion for 2025–26. - Examples of notable allocations in this Act (amounts authorized by this bill): - National Defence: operating, capital, and related grants/contributions totaling over $23 billion. - Indigenous Services Canada: over $15 billion (operating and contributions combined). - Health Canada and the Public Health Agency of Canada: several billion for operating, capital, and contributions. - Housing, Infrastructure and Communities: about $5.3 billion in contributions plus operating and capital. - Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation: about $4.8 billion to reimburse housing-related costs. - Veterans Affairs: several billion for operations and contributions. - CBC/Radio‑Canada: just over $1.0 billion (operating and capital). - Canada Revenue Agency (two-year authority): about $3.5 billion operating and $51 million capital. - Canada Border Services Agency (two-year authority): about $1.9 billion operating and $133 million capital. - Central votes managed by the Treasury Board Secretariat include: - $1.0 billion for contingencies (urgent or unforeseen needs). - Up to $3.0 billion for operating budget carry-forward and $750 million for capital carry-forward from the prior year. - $600 million for pay-related pressures (parental leave, severance, etc.). - About $1.9 billion toward public service insurance and benefits. - Unused funds generally expire (“lapse”) at year-end. For the two-year items (CBSA and CRA), funds can be spent up to March 31, 2027. - This bill does not change tax rates or most legislated benefit payments (those are set by other laws). It authorizes the “voted” spending needed to run programs and services. ## Proponents' View - Keeps essential services running across the country by giving departments the funds they need on time. - Supports priorities like health protection, housing, infrastructure, Indigenous services, defence, and veterans’ care. - Provides stability for big service agencies (CRA, CBSA) by allowing two-year funding for complex projects and staffing. - Includes prudent tools like a contingency fund and carry-forwards to handle emergencies and routine budget timing. - Writes off long-uncollectable student debts to keep the government’s books accurate and transparent. - Sets clear limits and lapsing rules, which help control costs and improve accountability. ## Opponents' View - The overall amount is very large, adding to total government spending; critics worry about pressure on deficits and debt. - Central funds (contingencies and carry-forwards) give flexibility but reduce line-by-line detail at the time of approval. - The bill’s size and complexity make thorough scrutiny hard; some items were already advanced by special warrants before Parliament voted. - Two-year spending for some agencies may lessen annual oversight. - Some allocations to Crown corporations (for example, CBC/Radio‑Canada, Canada Post, VIA Rail) or international contributions may be seen as too high or not targeted enough. - The bill authorizes spending but does not spell out outcomes, so results will depend on later implementation and oversight.

Canada-Indonesia Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement Implementation Act

## Summary This bill would put into force a new trade deal between Canada and Indonesia. Its goal is to lower tariffs (import taxes), set clear trade rules, and support fair labour and environmental standards. It also creates ways to solve disputes and check on how the deal is working over time. - Approves the Canada–Indonesia Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement and makes it part of Canadian law. - Creates an “Indonesia Tariff” that cuts or removes tariffs on most goods from Indonesia, many right away and others over 5, 10, or up to 15 years. Some sensitive goods are excluded. - Updates customs, trade tribunal, and other laws so businesses can claim the new tariff and follow the deal’s rules of origin and paperwork. - Lets the government use temporary “safeguards” if a surge of Indonesian imports harms Canadian producers, including pausing tariff cuts or adding short-term duties after an inquiry. - Requires the Trade Minister to make sure Canadian companies in Indonesia follow responsible business conduct principles, set up a public complaints process, and publish a yearly report. - Commits both countries to protect labour rights and the environment, recognizes Indigenous participation in trade, protects cultural industries, and states the deal does not apply to water. - The law will take effect on a date set by the federal government. ## What it means for you - Consumers - Many everyday items from Indonesia could get cheaper over time as tariffs fall, such as clothing, some footwear, household goods, and certain foods. - Some items may stay the same price if they are excluded or if cuts take many years. - Workers and domestic producers - Some sectors may face more competition from Indonesian imports. If this causes serious injury to Canadian producers, industry can ask the trade tribunal to investigate. The government can pause tariff cuts or add temporary duties. - Clearer, more predictable rules for exporting to Indonesia may help businesses grow sales abroad. - Small and medium-sized businesses - Lower tariffs and simpler paperwork can make importing from and exporting to Indonesia easier. - The agreement aims to help smaller firms take part in trade. However, firms must still meet rules of origin and keep records. - Importers and exporters - A new “Indonesia Tariff” is available for goods that “originate” in Indonesia. Importers, exporters, or producers can certify origin using prescribed forms and must keep supporting documents. - Many tariff cuts begin at once; others phase in over 5, 10, or up to 15 years, depending on the product. - Some goods are excluded from preferences and will not get the Indonesia Tariff. - Investors and service providers - More stable, transparent rules for investment and services. There is a process to resolve disputes under the agreement. - Communities and civil society - The deal includes chapters on labour rights and the environment and encourages strong corporate social responsibility. - Anyone can file a complaint with the Trade Minister about a Canadian company’s conduct in Indonesia. The Minister must respond and report annually. - Indigenous Peoples and cultural sectors - The agreement recognizes the importance of Indigenous participation in trade. - Cultural industries remain protected. ## Expenses No publicly available information. ## Proponents' View - Will lower costs for consumers and help Canadian exporters reach a fast‑growing market of over 270 million people. - Diversifies trade in the Indo‑Pacific, reducing reliance on a few partners and making Canada’s economy more resilient. - Gives small businesses clearer rules, simpler origin certification, and new opportunities as tariffs drop. - Includes labour and environmental commitments, plus a new complaints process for responsible business conduct by Canadian firms abroad. - Builds a predictable framework for services and investment, which can attract new projects and jobs in Canada. - Includes transparent review every three years so Parliament can assess impacts and recommend changes. ## Opponents' View - Some Canadian farmers, food processors, and manufacturers could face tougher import competition, risking jobs in vulnerable sectors. - Labour and environmental promises may be hard to enforce in practice; oversight of company conduct could lack strong penalties. - Investor‑state or arbitration features may give foreign investors special avenues to challenge public policies. - The government can change how some laws apply to Indonesia by order, which critics say reduces parliamentary oversight. - Smaller firms may find rules of origin and paperwork burdensome despite tariff cuts. - Tariff reductions could lower federal customs revenue, while administration of committees, panels, and reporting adds costs.

Budget 2025 Implementation Act, No. 1

## Summary This is the federal government’s first Budget 2025 implementation bill. It changes many tax rules, launches or expands clean‑economy incentives, sets up “open banking,” creates a new rulebook for stablecoins, and funds housing and other priorities. It also ends the federal underused housing tax and the luxury tax on private boats and aircraft. Key highlights - Raises the Lifetime Capital Gains Exemption to $1.25 million and adds a new break for selling to employee ownership trusts or worker co‑ops (up to $10 million tax‑free). - Adds a Personal Support Workers Tax Credit and expands what disability support expenses can be claimed. - Creates a new, refundable Clean Electricity Investment Tax Credit; extends and expands other clean economy credits (clean technology, clean hydrogen, CCUS). - Ends the Underused Housing Tax after 2024; speeds up rental construction with faster write‑offs and a 10% accelerated CCA for new purpose‑built rentals. - Repeals the Digital Services Tax; ends the luxury tax on aircraft and vessels; keeps the GST rental rebate expansion for co‑ops and student housing. - Launches consumer‑driven banking (open banking) with Bank of Canada oversight; sets strong consent, security, and liability rules. - Regulates fiat‑backed stablecoins: redemption at par, full reserves, approved custodians, and no interest to holders; Bank of Canada supervision and penalties. - Enables a High‑Speed Rail project between Quebec and Ontario; gives Canada Post power to set postage; boosts housing delivery (Build Canada Homes) and raises the Canada Infrastructure Bank’s capital room. ## What it means for you - Households - Higher Lifetime Capital Gains Exemption (up to $1.25 million) lowers taxes when selling a qualifying farm, fishing, or small business. - Disability support expenses list gets longer. More items can be claimed. - Canada Disability Benefit is not counted as income for tax. - Large donations made after Nov. 14, 2024 can count toward 2024 taxes if given before March 2025. - A National School Food Program Act sets a vision and annual reporting, but no direct benefit is payable to families in this bill. - Renters, builders, and landlords - Faster write‑offs for new purpose‑built rental buildings (10% accelerated CCA) and broader accelerated expensing help projects pencil out sooner. - Ending the Underused Housing Tax after 2024 removes annual filing and payments for affected owners. - GST Enhanced Rental Rebate extends to co‑op housing projects and student residences built by public institutions. - Workers and caregivers - New Personal Support Workers Tax Credit (up to $1,100 a year; 5% of eligible wages) starting with 2026 tax year. - More disability‑related items eligible under the Disability Supports Deduction. - Small businesses and entrepreneurs - Simpler rollovers for small business shares; bigger SR&ED support (including some capital costs and, for the first time, eligible Canadian public companies). - New tax break if you sell your business to an employee ownership trust or a worker co‑op (up to $10 million in gains tax‑free if conditions are met). - Carbon rebates for small businesses are updated; immediate expensing is reinstated for productivity‑boosting assets. - Homeowners with cottages or secondary properties - Underused Housing Tax ends for 2025 onward; no filing or payment for future years. - Boat and plane buyers - Luxury tax on large boats and private aircraft ends for taxes that would arise after Nov. 4, 2025. - Bank customers and fintech users - Open banking: You can direct your bank to share your data safely with accredited apps and services (no fees for sharing; strict consent; dashboards; you can withdraw consent anytime; clear liability if data is misused). - Banks must add fraud‑prevention plans, give fast notices about account capability changes, and let you set transaction limits. - Crypto users and firms - Fiat‑backed stablecoins must be redeemable at par, fully reserved, and held with qualified custodians; no interest to holders. Issuers face Bank of Canada oversight, reporting, and penalties. - Indigenous communities - New opt‑in authority for Indigenous governments to levy value‑added taxes on fuel, alcohol, cannabis, tobacco and vaping on their lands. - Certain Indigenous trusts are exempted from the Alternative Minimum Tax. - Mailers and small e‑commerce - Canada Post will set its own postage rates and terms (must be fair and reasonable overall), rather than through federal regulations. - Regions along the Quebec–Ontario corridor - High‑Speed Rail Network Act clears federal approvals, sets land tools (right of first refusal, limited work prohibitions), and applies environmental assessment segment‑by‑segment. ## Expenses Estimated annual cost: No single number. This bill mixes new spending, new and expanded tax credits, and revenue reductions. - Housing and infrastructure - Build Canada Homes: up to $11.5 billion authorized (amount and timing depend on future plans). - Canada Lands Company: up to $1.515 billion in capital support. - Canada Infrastructure Bank: capital room increased to $45 billion (not an immediate outlay). - Clean economy credits (refundable in many cases) - New Clean Electricity Investment Tax Credit (refundable); expanded clean technology, clean hydrogen and CCUS credits; extension to 2035 for full CCUS rates. These lower future federal revenues and increase outlays as projects claim them. - Revenue reductions - Ending the Underused Housing Tax after 2024 lowers revenue. - Ending the luxury tax on aircraft and vessels lowers revenue. - Raising the Lifetime Capital Gains Exemption and adding seller relief for employee ownership/worker co‑ops reduces revenue. - Repealing the Digital Services Tax removes a planned revenue source (with refunds if any amounts were paid). - Tax measures for people and firms - Personal Support Workers Tax Credit, disability changes, SR&ED enhancements and accelerated expensing all reduce revenues over time. - Borrowing authority - Federal borrowing limit raised to $2.541 trillion. This is capacity, not immediate spending. Exact annual fiscal impacts depend on take‑up, timing of projects, and future budgets. No consolidated public total is provided in the bill text. ## Proponents’ View - Helps families and workers by expanding disability supports, creating a PSW credit, and setting a national vision for school food. - Makes it easier to pass down or sell Canadian businesses, including to employees, and fosters employee ownership and co‑ops. - Pushes clean electricity and clean tech investment with strong, long‑term credits, giving certainty to build grids, storage, hydrogen and carbon capture. - Speeds up rental housing with faster tax write‑offs and extends GST relief to co‑ops and student residences. - Cuts red tape and modernizes banking: Open banking empowers consumers, improves competition, and sets strong privacy and liability rules. - Stablecoin rules protect consumers and financial stability while allowing innovation with clear, Bank of Canada oversight. - Ends the underused housing tax burden and a flawed luxury tax on boats and planes that had low yield and high complexity. - Enables big nation‑building projects (high‑speed rail) and streamlines Canada Post, while boosting housing delivery capacity (Build Canada Homes). ## Opponents’ View - Cost and revenue loss: Expanded credits, higher capital gains exemption, tax breaks for business sales, UHT and luxury tax repeals reduce revenues; large clean‑economy credits could be expensive. - Housing impact: Ending the Underused Housing Tax may remove a tool against vacant homes; rental CCA changes help supply but do not directly lower rents. - Climate mix: Allowing credits for some gas‑fired power with carbon capture may lock in fossil assets; critics may call it a subsidy. - Complexity and compliance: Many detailed tax and regulatory changes add complexity for taxpayers, accountants, and small businesses. - Open banking and stablecoins: Despite safeguards, risks remain around fraud, data breaches and scams; some worry about consumer protection and financial stability. - Canada Post rate‑setting and high‑speed rail powers: Concerns about accountability, affordability of postage, land use, and expropriation processes. - Borrowing limit increase: Raises concerns about long‑term debt capacity and fiscal room without clear offsets.

Making Life More Affordable for Canadians Act

## Summary This bill aims to lower everyday costs for Canadians. It cuts the lowest federal income tax rate, adds a large temporary GST/HST rebate for first-time buyers of new homes, ends the federal fuel charge (carbon tax on fuels), and sets national privacy rules for federal political parties. - Lowers the federal tax rate on the first bracket to 14.5% in 2025 and 14% from 2026 onward. - Creates a temporary, extra GST/HST new‑housing rebate for first‑time home buyers, worth up to $50,000, with price caps and timelines. - Repeals Part 1 of the Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act (the federal fuel charge on gasoline, home heating fuel, etc.) and related regulations, starting in 2025, on a set schedule. - Keeps industrial carbon pricing (for large emitters) in place; the repeal targets the fuel charge only. - Requires federal political parties to have and follow a public, plain‑language privacy policy, with a named privacy officer, and creates a national, exclusive privacy regime for parties that overrides provincial privacy laws. - Requires the Finance Minister to publish a report on how the low‑rate tax cut affects tax credits. ## What it means for you - Workers and other taxpayers - You will pay a lower federal tax rate on the first slice of your taxable income starting in 2025, with a further drop in 2026. This means slightly more take‑home pay for most people. - First‑time home buyers (new construction) - If you buy a newly built home or condo and are a first‑time buyer, you can get an extra GST/HST rebate up to $50,000. - Full amounts apply up to about $1,000,000 (building‑only/co‑op variants use slightly different caps); the rebate phases out and ends near $1,500,000. Caps are a bit higher in HST provinces. - You must be 18+, a Canadian citizen or permanent resident, and plan to live in the home as your main residence. - You and your spouse/common‑law partner must both meet the first‑time buyer test (neither owned and lived in a home during the past four years). - Applies to agreements signed after March 19, 2025 and before 2031. Construction must start before 2031 and be substantially finished before 2036. Transfer of ownership (or possession, depending on the case) must happen before 2036. - Only one person in a couple can claim this rebate. You cannot claim it twice as a couple. - Also covers co‑op housing shares, “building‑only” purchases, and owner‑built homes under set rules. - Drivers, households, and small businesses that buy fuel - The federal fuel charge (carbon tax on fuels) will be repealed, starting April 2025 with further dates later in 2025 and 2035 for some pieces. - If your province was under the federal fuel charge, you may see lower prices for gasoline, diesel, propane, and natural gas once repeal takes effect. Provinces could have their own policies. - The bill does not address existing household carbon rebates. - Voters and party volunteers - Federal political parties must publish and follow a privacy policy in plain language and name a privacy officer. - Parties and those acting for them must follow the party’s policy, but they are not required to follow provincial or territorial privacy laws for these activities. - The law states Canadians do not have a right to access or correct personal information held by parties under provincial rules. Any handling of your data is governed by the party’s own policy and federal election law. - Elections Canada must hold at least one meeting each year on protecting personal information by parties. ## Expenses No publicly available information. ## Proponents' View - Taxes on low and middle incomes go down, leaving more money in people’s pockets. - A big, time‑limited rebate helps first‑time buyers bridge the gap to new home ownership and supports new housing construction. - Ending the federal fuel charge lowers costs for driving, home heating, and shipping, easing pressure on family budgets. - A single, national privacy framework for political parties provides clarity and consistency and reduces red tape from different provincial rules. - Strong anti‑avoidance rules stop people from gaming the housing rebate. ## Opponents' View - Cutting the tax rate and adding a large rebate reduces federal revenues and could increase the deficit or pressure public services. - The new‑home rebate may boost demand and push prices higher, and it mainly helps buyers of new — often higher‑priced — homes, not resale buyers or renters. - Repealing the fuel charge weakens climate policy and may increase emissions by removing the price signal to pollute; households could also lose offsetting carbon rebate payments, though the bill does not say. - The privacy changes shield political parties from stricter provincial privacy laws and give Canadians no right to access or correct party‑held data, relying instead on each party’s own policy.

National Strategy on Flood and Drought Forecasting Act

## Summary This bill directs the federal government to create a national strategy to improve how Canada forecasts floods and droughts. The goal is to give provinces, cities, Indigenous communities, farmers, insurers, and others better, earlier information so they can prepare and reduce damage. It sets who must be consulted, what the plan must cover, and when reports must be shared with Parliament and the public. - Orders the Minister of the Environment, working with four other federal ministers, to develop the strategy. - Requires consultations with provinces, municipalities, Indigenous governing bodies, universities, civil society groups, and industry, including insurers. - Calls for assessments of the need for national coordination, new investments, and new technologies in forecasting. - Looks at modeling to identify properties and infrastructure at flood risk and to improve floodplain maps. - Calls for a proposal to build a shared national water-forecasting service with provinces, based on the existing National Hydrological Service. - Requires the strategy to be tabled in Parliament within two years and posted online; after five years, the government must report on how well the strategy worked. ## What it means for you - Residents and homeowners - No immediate changes. If the strategy leads to better maps and alerts, you may get clearer risk information before storms or spring melts. - More precise risk data could help with home planning and preparedness. It could also influence insurance availability and pricing over time. - Farmers and rural communities - Better drought and flood forecasts could help plan planting, irrigation, and herd management. - Earlier warnings may reduce crop losses and help protect equipment and roads. - Local governments and emergency managers - A national system could offer shared tools, data, and models to plan evacuations, protect infrastructure, and guide zoning. - Clearer floodplain maps could support decisions on building and repairs. - Indigenous communities - Required consultations give a voice in shaping the strategy and data needs. - Improved local forecasts can support community safety, land-use planning, and cultural practices tied to water. - Insurers and businesses - More consistent risk information can improve underwriting, pricing, and business continuity planning. - Industries that depend on water (energy, mining, transport) may get better short- and long-term outlooks. - Researchers and universities - The strategy may draw on Canadian models and expertise, helping translate research into public tools and services. ## Expenses No publicly available information. ## Proponents' View - Canada faces more severe floods and droughts; better forecasts can save lives, homes, farms, and public infrastructure. - Provinces now forecast on their own. A national approach can reduce gaps, share data, and avoid duplication. - Canada already has strong university models and technical know-how; a strategy would put these to work at scale. - Farmers, towns, and Indigenous communities would get earlier warnings and clearer maps to prepare. - Insurers and businesses would have more reliable risk data, which can stabilize coverage and guide investments. - Public reporting timelines add accountability and keep the plan focused on results. ## Opponents' View - Water management is often a provincial role; a federal strategy could overlap with or duplicate provincial systems. - Building advanced models and computing capacity could be expensive, with unclear ongoing costs. - Property-level risk mapping may raise insurance premiums or affect home values in high-risk areas. - A two-year window to produce the strategy means benefits may take time to show, while urgent needs persist. - A national system might overlook local knowledge or unique regional conditions if not designed carefully.

An Act to amend the Fisheries Act (Atlantic groundfish fisheries)

## Summary This bill changes the federal Fisheries Act to set common rules for Atlantic recreational groundfish fishing and to improve reporting and monitoring. It requires harmonized “close times” (periods when fishing is not allowed) across Atlantic provinces for recreational groundfish and ties those closures to spawning seasons only. It adds new reporting powers, mandates advance online notice for closures and quotas, and orders the Minister to build a catch monitoring system within one year. - Harmonizes recreational groundfish close times across NL, NS, NB, and PEI (Bill: new s.43(1.1)). - Limits recreational close times to each species’ spawning period (Bill: new s.43(1.1)). - Requires at least 2 months’ public notice online before close times or quotas take effect (Bill: publication clause under s.43). - Expands record-keeping powers to include number of fish caught per day and per season (Bill: s.61(2)(e.1)). - Orders a monitoring system to record species, number, time, and place of catch within 1 year of coming into force (Bill: Monitoring System s.(1)-(2)). - Adds “stability and predictability for recreational groundfishers” as a decision-making factor (Bill: s.2.5(g.1)). - Keeps an annual report to Parliament on administration and enforcement (Bill: s.42.1(1)). ## What it means for you - Households and recreational anglers - Recreational groundfish seasons will match across Atlantic provinces. Expect the same open and close dates in NL, NS, NB, and PEI once regulations are updated (Bill: new s.43(1.1)). - Closure dates can only be set to cover the species’ spawning period. Closures for other reasons will not be used for recreational groundfish close times (Bill: new s.43(1.1)). - You may be required to report how many fish you catch each day and your total for the season, by species. This could be via logbook, app, or other system set by the Minister (Bill: s.61(2)(e.1); Monitoring System s.(1)). - The Department must give at least 2 months’ notice online before new closures or quota changes take effect. You will have more lead time to plan trips (Bill: publication clause under s.43). - Charter operators and tourism businesses - Uniform seasons across provinces may simplify booking and marketing across borders in Atlantic Canada (Bill: new s.43(1.1)). - You may face new reporting steps for clients’ catches, including species, counts, time, and location, depending on how the system is designed (Bill: s.61(2)(e.1); Monitoring System s.(1)-(2)). - Advance online notice of closures and quotas (2 months minimum) can reduce last-minute cancellations (Bill: publication clause under s.43). - Commercial fishers - Any fishing quota or closure set or varied by regulation or variation order must be posted online at least 2 months before it starts. This affects commercial quotas as well (Bill: publication clause under s.43). - The bill does not create new commercial catch reporting here, but some operational timelines may shift due to the 2‑month notice rule (Bill: publication clause under s.43). - Provinces and territories (Atlantic) - Federal regulations will harmonize recreational groundfish close times across Atlantic provinces. Provincial coordination with DFO may be needed to align communications and enforcement (Bill: new s.43(1.1)). - Indigenous communities and rights-holders - The bill does not change Indigenous rights. It adds federal monitoring and notice requirements that could affect timing of regulations in shared waters (Bill: publication clause under s.43; Monitoring System s.(1)). - Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) - Must publish any close times or quota changes at least 2 months before they take effect (Bill: publication clause under s.43). - Must develop, within 1 year of the Act coming into force, a monitoring system that records species, number, time, and place of catch; consider funding it with existing fees and penalties; and add incentives for timely reporting (Bill: Monitoring System s.(1)-(2)). - Must continue annual reporting to Parliament on administration and enforcement (Bill: s.42.1(1)). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - No fiscal note or appropriation is included in the bill text. Data unavailable. - Required activities with potential costs: - Design and implement a monitoring system within 1 year, including stakeholder consultation (Bill: Monitoring System s.(1)-(2)). Data unavailable. - Expand public communications to meet the 2‑month online posting rule for closures and quotas (Bill: publication clause under s.43). Data unavailable. - Administer added record-keeping and reporting requirements (Bill: s.61(2)(e.1)). Data unavailable. - Potential cost recovery: - The Minister must examine covering administrative costs through existing fees and penalties and consider fee reductions as reporting incentives (Bill: Monitoring System s.(2)(b)-(c)). Data unavailable. ## Proponents' View - Harmonized seasons make rules clear for anglers and businesses across the Atlantic region, improving planning and compliance (Bill: new s.43(1.1)). - Tying closures to spawning protects reproduction while keeping other times open, which backers say balances conservation with access (Bill: new s.43(1.1)). - A 2‑month online notice reduces surprise changes, supports trip planning and bookings, and may improve compliance and safety (Bill: publication clause under s.43). - Expanded reporting powers and a modern monitoring system will give better data on recreational removals by species, time, and place, improving stock assessments (Bill: s.61(2)(e.1); Monitoring System s.(1)). - Examining use of existing fees and penalties to fund the system could limit new costs to taxpayers, while fee reductions can reward timely reporting (Bill: Monitoring System s.(2)(b)-(c)). - Adding “stability and predictability” as a factor ensures recreational fishers’ interests are considered alongside other objectives (Bill: s.2.5(g.1)). ## Opponents' View - Limiting recreational close times to spawning periods could reduce flexibility to address other risks, such as poor stock status, bycatch, or ecosystem stress outside spawning windows (Bill: new s.43(1.1)). - The 2‑month advance notice may hinder rapid response to unforeseen events (e.g., sudden stock declines or gear conflicts), delaying needed management actions (Bill: publication clause under s.43). - New reporting duties could burden anglers and charter operators and may face low compliance without strong outreach and simple tools (Bill: s.61(2)(e.1); Monitoring System s.(1)-(2)). - The bill mandates a monitoring system but gives no budget; shifting costs to fees and penalties could raise costs for participants, while fee reductions as incentives may reduce revenue (Bill: Monitoring System s.(2)(b)-(c)). Data unavailable. - The bill does not specify privacy safeguards for time-and-location catch data; opponents may seek clear limits on data use and retention in regulations (Bill: Monitoring System s.(1)-(2)). - Harmonizing seasons across provinces may ignore local ecological differences and community needs, reducing room for region-specific management (Bill: new s.43(1.1)).

Parliament Review Before Treaties Are Ratified

## Summary This bill would require the federal government to share more information with Parliament and the public before Canada approves (ratifies) most international treaties. It sets a standard review period, spells out what must be disclosed, and adds a special review step for “major treaties.” It also allows emergency exceptions, with reasons given after the fact, and sets deadlines to publish treaties once approved. - Before Canada ratifies a treaty, the Foreign Affairs Minister must table the treaty in the House of Commons at least 21 sitting days in advance, with a plain-language memo on its contents, costs, and effects. - Changes to an existing treaty must also be tabled in advance, with an explanation of what is changing and why. - “Major treaties” (including trade deals, tax-raising treaties, those with big costs, sanctions, borders, territory, or transfers of powers to international bodies) must be reviewed by a House committee, and the Minister must seek the House’s advice before ratifying. - In exceptional circumstances, the federal cabinet can let the Minister skip the advance tabling, but the documents and written reasons must be tabled as soon as possible afterward. - After ratification, the government must quickly publish the treaty and any late changes in the Canada Gazette, on the department’s website, and in the Canada Treaty Series. ## What it means for you - General public - More advance notice of new treaties that could affect daily life, jobs, prices, privacy, travel, borders, or sanctions. - Easier to read what a treaty would do, how much it might cost, and what Canada must do to follow it. - A set window (at least 21 sitting days) to contact your MP or submit views before Canada is bound. - Workers and businesses - Earlier warning about trade and investment treaties that may change market access, rules, or competition. - A chance to provide input to a House committee on “major treaties.” - Some agreements may take longer to finalize because of the review period. - Provinces, territories, Indigenous organizations, unions, and industry groups - The government must include a record of consultations with interested parties (other than foreign governments), which can highlight your views on the public record. - Clearer visibility into planned obligations and costs that could affect shared or local responsibilities. - People following defense, sanctions, and borders - Treaties that impose sanctions, change territorial jurisdiction (land, sea, airspace), or affect Canada’s participation in international bodies would face a formal committee review and House advice. - Transparency and access - Final texts and explanations of last-minute changes must be posted online within days and printed in official publications within set timelines. - Limits and exceptions - In urgent cases, the government can approve a treaty without advance tabling, but must table the documents and explain why afterward. - The House’s role is to give advice. The bill does not require a binding vote to approve a treaty. ## Expenses No publicly available information. ## Proponents' View - Gives elected MPs a clear role before Canada makes binding international promises, improving democratic oversight. - Improves transparency by requiring plain-language summaries, cost estimates, Canada’s obligations, and any “opt-out” options to be disclosed up front. - Helps Canadians, including provinces, Indigenous groups, businesses, and unions, prepare and speak up before decisions are final. - Reduces surprises and unintended costs by forcing a public review of “major treaties.” - Locks current practice into law so all future governments must follow the same transparency rules. ## Opponents' View - Could slow down foreign policy and reduce flexibility, especially during fast-moving crises, even with the emergency exception. - May complicate sensitive negotiations or expose positions too early, risking worse outcomes or failed talks. - Adds red tape and committee workload, while the House’s “advice” is not binding and might create confusion about who decides. - Duplicates much of the existing policy that already requires tabling treaties before ratification, with unclear added benefit. - The 21-sitting-day timeline may be too short for deep analysis of complex treaties, or too long when quick action is needed.

National Strategy on Housing for Young Canadians Act

## Summary This bill orders the federal government to create a national strategy on housing for young Canadians (ages 17–34). It sets consultation, conference, and reporting rules to assess housing needs and propose measures. The bill does not create programs or funding; it focuses on planning and accountability. - Defines “young Canadian” as 17–34 years old (Definitions). - Requires a designated Minister to develop the strategy with provinces, municipalities, youth, and housing organizations (National strategy (1)). - The strategy must assess rental, student housing, and entry-level home ownership, and list measures that can be taken to improve access (Content (2)(a)–(e)). - Mandates at least one conference with stakeholders (Conference (4)). - Requires a strategy report within 18 months of the Act coming into force, and an effectiveness report within 4 years after that report (Tabling of national strategy (1); Report (1)). - Requires both reports to be published online within 10 days after tabling in Parliament (Publication (2)). ## What it means for you - Households (young Canadians 17–34) - No direct changes to rent, mortgages, or benefits from this bill. It creates a plan, not programs (Content (2)). - You may be invited to consultations or a conference during strategy development (National strategy (1); Conference (4)). - The strategy must consider supports for renters and first-time buyers, but any new benefits would need separate action later (Content (2)(a)–(c), (e)). - Timeline: a public strategy within 18 months after the Act takes effect; a public effectiveness report within 4 years after the first report (Tabling of national strategy (1); Report (1)). - Students - The strategy must assess access to student housing and consider ways to promote it (Content (2)). - No immediate new student housing or subsidies are created by this bill (Content (2)). - Renters (17–34) - The strategy must include measures that can be taken to improve access to affordable and secure rental housing (Content (2)(a)). - No rent caps or rental assistance are created by this bill (Content (2)). - First-time homebuyers (17–34) - The strategy must include measures that can be taken to support first-time buyers and promote housing affordable to them (Content (2)(b), (c)). - No new grants, tax credits, or loans are created by this bill (Content (2)). - Housing providers, co-ops, builders, and landlords - The strategy will look at promoting construction of rental, student, and co-operative housing (Content (2)(c)). - You may be consulted and can share data and ideas; the bill encourages knowledge-sharing among governments (Content (2)(d); National strategy (1)). - Municipalities and provinces/territories - Must be consulted; the strategy must consider your existing housing initiatives (National strategy (1); Considerations (3)). - At least one conference will include you (Conference (4)). - No new mandates or funding flows are created by this bill (Content (2); Considerations (3)). - General public - Greater transparency through two public reports and set timelines (Tabling of national strategy (1); Report (1); Publication (2)). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - No explicit appropriations, taxes, or fees appear in the bill text (entire bill). - Administrative costs for consultations, a conference, drafting, and tabling reports are not stated. Data unavailable. - Reporting deadlines: - Strategy report within 18 months after the Act comes into force (Tabling of national strategy (1)). - Effectiveness report within 4 years after the strategy report is tabled (Report (1)). ## Proponents' View - Focuses federal effort on a group facing high housing barriers, with a clear definition of “young Canadian” (Definitions). - Builds an evidence base by requiring an assessment of affordability and availability in rental, student housing, and entry-level home ownership (Content (2)). - Directs the strategy to list concrete measures that can be taken to improve rental access, support first-time buyers, and promote construction, including co-ops (Content (2)(a)–(c)). - Encourages coordination and knowledge-sharing across federal, provincial, municipal, and community partners, which proponents say can reduce duplication (Content (2)(d); Considerations (3)). - Ensures youth and youth-serving groups have a voice through mandated consultations and at least one conference (National strategy (1); Conference (4)). - Adds accountability with firm timelines for public reports to Parliament and online publication (Tabling of national strategy (1)–(2); Report (1)–(2)). ## Opponents' View - Creates a strategy but no binding targets, funding, or programs; may not deliver units or lower costs on its own (Content (2)). - Could duplicate or fragment work under existing federal and provincial housing strategies; “consideration” may not prevent overlap (Considerations (3)). - Delays action: up to 18 months before a strategy is published, plus years before an effectiveness review (Tabling of national strategy (1); Report (1)). - Adds administrative and consultation costs without stated budgets or cost caps. Data unavailable. - Jurisdiction concerns: housing is shared among governments; a federal strategy could complicate roles even if the bill is consultative (National strategy (1); Considerations (3)). - Age cut-off (17–34) may exclude under-17 youth in need and older first-time buyers, raising equity questions (Definitions).

Ukrainian Heritage Month Act

## Summary This bill makes September “Ukrainian Heritage Month” across Canada every year. It is a commemorative designation. It does not create programs, funding, or legal obligations. The preamble notes the size of the Ukrainian-Canadian community and its contributions to Canada. - Names September as Ukrainian Heritage Month nationwide each year (Bill Section 2). - Recognizes the history and contributions of more than 1.3 million Ukrainian-Canadians (Preamble). - Creates an annual opportunity to remember, celebrate, and educate about Ukrainian heritage (Preamble). - Does not mandate events, curricula, funding, or regulations (Bill Sections 1–2). - Takes effect on Royal Assent and recurs annually. ## What it means for you - Households and communities: September will be an officially recognized month to mark Ukrainian culture and history. Participation in events, if any, is voluntary. No new benefits or duties start (Bill Section 2). - Schools and cultural organizations: There is no requirement to teach new content or hold events. Any activities would be optional and based on existing plans or resources (Bill Section 2). - Businesses: No compliance duties, reporting, or costs are created. Businesses may choose to acknowledge the month in their communications, but the bill does not require it (Bill Section 2). - Federal, provincial, and municipal governments: No mandated programs, spending, or reporting. Public institutions may choose to issue statements or host events at their discretion (Bill Section 2). - Service users: The bill does not change access to services, immigration rules, or funding. Daily services continue as before (Bill Sections 1–2). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable; the bill includes no appropriations, fees, or mandated spending (Bill Sections 1–2). - Direct appropriations in the bill: None (Bill text). - New taxes or fees: None (Bill text). - Mandated activities for departments or agencies: None (Bill text). - Discretionary communications or event costs by institutions: Data unavailable. ## Proponents' View - Formal recognition honors the history and ongoing contributions of over 1.3 million Ukrainian-Canadians to Canada’s social, economic, political, and cultural life (Preamble). - September is historically significant as the first recorded arrival month of Ukrainians to Canada over 125 years ago, making the timing meaningful (Preamble). - A national designation creates a clear, recurring opportunity to celebrate and educate the public about Ukrainian heritage in communities across the country (Preamble; Bill Section 2). - The measure is low-cost because it sets a designation only and does not require new programs or spending (Bill Sections 1–2). - The act aligns with Canadian commitments to human rights, democracy, and international law, reinforcing shared values (Preamble). ## Opponents' View - The bill is symbolic only; it creates no enforceable rights, programs, or funding, so outcomes depend entirely on voluntary actions (Bill Sections 1–2). - Without a coordinating body, standards, or reporting, observance may be uneven across institutions and regions, and impact will be hard to measure (Bill Section 2). - Public bodies could face small, discretionary communications or event costs if they choose to participate, with no guidance on scope or priorities; potential opportunity costs are unknown (Data unavailable). - Legislative time spent on commemorative designations may not address immediate service or policy needs; the bill includes no provisions that change services, benefits, or regulations (Bill Sections 1–2).

An Act to amend the Criminal Code

## Summary This bill amends Canada’s Criminal Code to create specific offences for intimate partner violence, raise some penalties, and change procedures for arrest, bail, and seized property. It also classifies all murders of an intimate partner as first-degree murder. - Creates intimate partner–specific offences for criminal harassment, uttering threats, assault, assault with a weapon/causing bodily harm (including choking), and aggravated assault, with higher maximum penalties than general offences (added after ss. 264, 264.1, 266, 267, 268). - Makes murder of an intimate partner first-degree murder, regardless of planning or deliberation (s. 231(3.1)). - Bars police from releasing a person arrested for an intimate partner offence if they have a prior intimate partner conviction within 5 years or are already on release for an intimate partner offence (added after s. 499). - Lets courts order up to 7 days of custody for a risk-of-reoffending assessment at any stage of proceedings (added after s. 523). - Extends default detention of seized property from 3 months to 1 year, allows extensions up to 2 years, requires notice of the right to challenge, and allows some hearings without notice and in private (s. 490(2)-(3.3)). ## What it means for you - Households and intimate partners - More charges tailored to intimate partner violence, with higher maximum prison terms, including up to 10 years for criminal harassment and assault, 12 years for assault with a weapon/causing bodily harm, and 14 years for aggravated assault (added after ss. 264, 266, 267, 268). - All murders of an intimate partner treated as first-degree murder, which carries life imprisonment with 25 years before parole eligibility under existing law (s. 231(3.1)). - Judges may order a 7-day custody assessment to evaluate reoffending risk when deciding bail and conditions (added after s. 523). - Accused persons in intimate partner cases - New intimate partner–specific charges with higher maximum penalties than general offences (added after ss. 264, 264.1, 266, 267, 268). - Police cannot release you after arrest if you had an intimate partner conviction in the past 5 years or were already on release for an intimate partner offence; you must appear before a justice for a bail decision (added after s. 499). - You may be detained up to 7 days for a risk-of-reoffending assessment at any stage, on a judge’s motion, or on request by the prosecutor or the alleged victim (added after s. 523). - Police and prosecutors - Must hold certain suspects for a bail hearing in intimate partner cases with recent prior convictions or current release status (added after s. 499). - Must give notice within 30 days to the owner of seized property about the right to challenge detention (s. 490(3.2)). - May seek to extend detention of seized items up to 2 years and, if notice would jeopardize an investigation, may proceed without notice and in camera (s. 490(2)-(3.3)). - Courts - Will handle more bail hearings in intimate partner cases due to limits on police release (added after s. 499). - May order risk-of-reoffending assessments with up to 7 days of custody and must bring the accused back “as soon as practicable” after completion (added after s. 523). - Will process longer default detention and extension orders for seized property and may proceed without notice and in private where justified (s. 490(2)-(3.3)). - People whose property is seized - Default detention of seized items increases from 3 months to 1 year; total extensions may reach 2 years, subject to court orders (s. 490(2)-(3)). - You should receive notice within 30 days about your right to challenge, but notice can be skipped if it would jeopardize an investigation; a judge can then hear the matter without you and in private (s. 490(3.2)-(3.3)). ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - Data unavailable. - The bill contains no explicit appropriations or fees. - Procedural changes could affect costs: - Added 7-day risk-of-reoffending assessments may increase custody days and assessment workload (added after s. 523). - Limits on police release may increase bail hearings and short-term detention (added after s. 499). - Higher maximum penalties could affect sentence lengths, but the bill sets maximums, not mandatory minimums (added after ss. 264, 264.1, 266, 267, 268). - Longer detention of seized property may increase storage and handling periods (s. 490(2)-(3)). ## Proponents' View - Strengthens accountability for intimate partner violence by creating tailored offences with higher maximum penalties, signaling greater seriousness (added after ss. 264, 264.1, 266, 267, 268). - Ensures the most serious penalty framework for intimate partner murder by classifying it as first-degree in all cases (s. 231(3.1)). - Enhances victim safety by preventing police release of higher-risk accused (recent conviction or already on release), ensuring a prompt judicial bail review (added after s. 499). - Improves bail decisions through evidence-based risk-of-reoffending assessments, available at any stage and on request by the prosecutor or the intimate partner (added after s. 523). - Supports effective investigations by allowing seized property to be held longer when needed, while preserving owners’ rights through a 30-day notice of the right to challenge (s. 490(2)-(3.2)). ## Opponents' View - Duplicates existing offences (criminal harassment, uttering threats, assault) and mainly raises maximum penalties, which may add complexity without clear impact on sentencing outcomes (compare existing ss. 264–268 with new intimate partner–specific provisions added after those sections). - Classifying all intimate partner murders as first-degree removes case-by-case assessment of planning and deliberation and guarantees 25-year parole ineligibility, even where facts might otherwise support second-degree (s. 231(3.1)). - Mandatory hold for some accused after arrest could increase pre-trial detention and court workload for bail hearings without a demonstrated safety benefit in all cases (added after s. 499). - Up to 7 days of detention for risk assessments at any stage may extend custody for people not yet convicted and strain assessment capacity, potentially delaying proceedings (added after s. 523). - Extending default detention of seized property to 1 year (and up to 2 years total) and allowing ex parte, in camera hearings can reduce transparency and delay property return, even to lawful owners (s. 490(2)-(3.3)).

Relieving Grieving Parents of an Administrative Burden Act (Evan's Law)

## Summary This bill changes the Employment Insurance Act and the Canada Labour Code to protect parents who lose a child during maternity or parental leave. It keeps Employment Insurance (EI) maternity/parental benefits and federally regulated job-protected leave in place until the original end date, even if the child dies. It also removes the need to file new paperwork to keep benefits going. - EI maternity/parental benefits continue until the planned end of the benefit period after a child dies (Employment Insurance Act s.23(2.1); s.152.05(2.1)). - No new EI claim or report is required to keep getting those benefits (Employment Insurance Act s.23(2.2); s.152.05(2.2)). - An exception stops this EI protection if the parent is convicted of an offence that caused the child’s death (Employment Insurance Act s.23(2.3); s.152.05(2.3)). - For federally regulated workers, maternity or parental leave remains in place until the original end date even if the child dies (Canada Labour Code s.206(4); s.206.1(2.01)). - The bill does not extend leave or benefits beyond the original period; it preserves the remainder only (same sections). ## What it means for you - Households - If you are on EI maternity or parental benefits and your child dies during your claim, EI continues paying you until your original benefit period ends. You do not need to file a new claim or report to prove eligibility (Employment Insurance Act s.23(2.1)-(2.2); s.152.05(2.1)-(2.2)). - This applies whether the child was born to you or placed with you for adoption (Employment Insurance Act s.23(1); s.152.05(1)). - Workers (employees) - If you work in a federally regulated workplace and are on maternity or parental leave, your leave continues until the original end date even if your child dies (Canada Labour Code s.206(4); s.206.1(2.01)). - The Canada Labour Code change covers federal sectors only. Provincial and territorial employment standards are not changed by this bill. - Self‑employed persons (participating in EI special benefits) - If you opted into EI special benefits and are receiving parental benefits, you remain eligible to keep getting them until the end of the original period even if the child dies. No new claim or report is required (Employment Insurance Act s.152.05(2.1)-(2.2)). - Employers (federally regulated) - You must continue to hold the employee’s job for the rest of the originally approved maternity or parental leave period, even if the child dies (Canada Labour Code s.206(4); s.206.1(2.01)). - The bill does not require you to make any payments. It concerns leave entitlements and EI program benefits. - Legal exception - The EI continuation does not apply if the parent is convicted of an offence that caused the child’s death (Employment Insurance Act s.23(2.3); s.152.05(2.3)). The Canada Labour Code amendment does not include a similar exception. ## Expenses Estimated net cost: Data unavailable. - No fiscal note is included in the bill text. Data unavailable. - No explicit appropriation or new fee is set out in the bill. The text changes eligibility rules and administration for EI benefits and leave. - Program effect: EI continues to pay maternity/parental benefits for the remainder of the original benefit period after the child’s death, for both employees and participating self‑employed (Employment Insurance Act s.23(2.1); s.152.05(2.1)). - Employer finances: The bill creates no employer payment obligation; it preserves job‑protected leave under the Canada Labour Code for its original duration (Canada Labour Code s.206(4); s.206.1(2.01)). ## Proponents' View - Reduces administrative burden during a crisis by removing the need for a new EI claim or report to keep benefits flowing (Employment Insurance Act s.23(2.2); s.152.05(2.2)). - Protects income stability by ensuring EI maternity/parental benefits continue for the remaining weeks of the approved period after a child’s death (Employment Insurance Act s.23(2.1); s.152.05(2.1)). - Maintains job protection for the rest of the planned leave, giving time to recover before returning to work (Canada Labour Code s.206(4); s.206.1(2.01)). - Limits scope to the original entitlement period; it does not extend or add weeks beyond what was already approved (Employment Insurance Act s.23(2.1); Canada Labour Code s.206(4)). - Includes a safeguard that denies EI continuation if the parent is convicted of an offence that caused the child’s death (Employment Insurance Act s.23(2.3); s.152.05(2.3)). ## Opponents' View - Increased EI outlays: Paying benefits for the remainder of the period after a child’s death could raise EI program costs versus current practice; no public cost estimate is provided. Data unavailable. - Uneven coverage: The leave protection change applies only to federally regulated workplaces. Most workers under provincial or territorial laws would not see their leave rules change unless those governments act separately. - Administrative complexity: The EI exception hinges on a criminal conviction. If a case is pending, benefits may be paid before the outcome, which could create overpayment and recovery issues. The bill does not address timing or recovery processes. Data unavailable. - Employer planning: Federally regulated employers must hold positions for the full, original leave even after a child’s death, which can affect scheduling and staffing. The bill does not provide transition or guidance for such cases. Data unavailable.

An Act to amend the Citizenship Act (2025)

## Summary This bill changes who is a Canadian citizen by descent and fixes past gaps that left some people without citizenship. It also sets a clear test for future children and adoptees born or adopted outside Canada and restores citizenship to many “lost Canadians.” - Makes people born outside Canada before the law takes effect citizens if they had a Canadian parent. - For future births abroad, allows citizenship after the first generation if the Canadian parent spent about three years in Canada before the child’s birth. - Extends similar rules to children adopted outside Canada. - Restores citizenship to people who lost it under old “retention” rules. - Lets people who gain citizenship under this bill use a simpler process to give it up if they do not want it. - Confirms citizenship even if a qualifying parent (or grandparent) died before the law took effect. - Start date will be set later by the federal government. ## What it means for you - Canadians born abroad before the law starts - If you were born outside Canada before the law takes effect and had at least one Canadian parent, you become a Canadian automatically from birth. - You would still need to apply for a citizenship certificate (proof of citizenship) to get a passport. - Canadians having children abroad after the law starts - If you are a Canadian who was born outside Canada and you have a child abroad in the future, your child can be a citizen if you were physically in Canada for at least 1,095 days (about three years) before the child’s birth. - If you do not meet the three‑year presence in Canada, your child would not be a citizen by descent and would need another pathway to come to Canada. - Canadians adopting children from abroad - If you adopted a child outside Canada before the law takes effect and you were a Canadian at that time, your child can be granted citizenship. - For future adoptions abroad, your adopted child can be granted citizenship if the Canadian adoptive parent spent at least three years in Canada before the adoption. - People who lost citizenship under old rules - If you lost your citizenship because you did not apply to “retain” it by a deadline under old laws, this bill restores your citizenship automatically. - If you once became a citizen and later renounced it, this bill does not give it back automatically. - Families where a parent died earlier - If your qualifying Canadian parent (or grandparent) died before this bill takes effect, you can still be recognized as a citizen if they would have been Canadian under these new rules. - People who do not want Canadian citizenship - If you become a citizen because of this bill and prefer not to be one, there will be a simpler process to renounce (formally give up) citizenship. ## Expenses No publicly available information. ## Proponents' View - Fixes long‑standing gaps that left “lost Canadians” without status even though they had a Canadian parent. - Keeps a real link to Canada for future generations by requiring about three years’ presence in Canada for parents who pass on citizenship from abroad. - Provides clear, simple rules for both births and adoptions outside Canada, reducing confusion. - Respects personal choice by offering a simplified way to renounce citizenship for those who gain it automatically. - Could reduce court cases and administrative headaches by clarifying who is a citizen from birth. ## Opponents' View - Retroactively adding citizens may strain processing systems and increase passport and certificate backlogs. - The three‑year presence test may be too strict for Canadians who build careers abroad, including aid workers, business people, and students. - Different treatment for children born before versus after the law’s start date could be seen as unfair or confusing. - Implementation may be complex, with many edge cases (for example, counting physical presence days), which could lead to delays or disputes.